1862 Apollo Planning


Background


1862 Apollo was discovered by K. Reinmuth at Heidelberg, Germany on April 24, 1932.  
The namesake of its class, Apollo will approach within 0.075 AU (29 lunar distances) on 
November 6.  Apollo was studied extensively during its close approach in 1980, when CW
and coarse-resolution ranging echoes were detected at Arecibo by Ostro et al. (2002).

Apollo is a rapid rotator with a period of about 3 h.  The lightcurve amplitude of up to
0.6 mag and variations in the 1980 Arecibo echo bandwidths indicate that Apollo has
an elongation of about 1.3.

These will be combined Goldstone and Arecibo observations.  
Goldstone observations are scheduled on November 2, 6, 7, and 10.
Arecibo observations are scheduled on October 29, 30, and November 1 and 2.
Orbital and Physical Characteristics
 orbit type              Apollo
 semimajor axis           1.471 AU     
 eccentricity             0.560        
 inclination              6.35°       
 perihelion distance      0.647 AU     
 aphelion distance        2.295 AU     
 absolute magnitude (H)  16.25
 diameter                 1.6 km
 rotation period          3.065 h 
 pole direction          (56, -26) +/- 10 deg
 lightcurve amplitude    ~0.3 mag
 spectral class           Q

Last updated: 2005 November 14

Discovery


 Apollo was discovered so long ago (1932) that its discovery announcement is not
available in electronic form.  




SNR Calculation


Target Name:    1862 Apollo
HMag:           16.25
Diameter:       1.5
Period:         3.065

                           ------------GOLDSTONE----------  -------------ARECIBO-----------
                                            Max                              Max
                                    Dat     Run    UTC               Dat     Run    UTC
    Date   RA  Decl Delta  Runs     SNR     SNR   Window    Runs     SNR     SNR   Window

2005 10 28 192  -4  0.115   133      26       2 14:05-22:18    0       0       0      -
2005 10 29 190  -1  0.108   144      33       3 13:41-22:11   13     142      41 14:24-14:48
2005 10 30 187   1  0.102   157      43       4 13:24-22:06   25     300      68 13:41-15:05
2005 10 31 184   4  0.096   170      56       5 13:00-22:00   35     510      97 13:11-15:00
2005 11  1 181   7  0.091   185      71       6 12:30-21:48   43     720     120 12:48-15:00
2005 11  2 178  11  0.086   200      89       7 12:05-21:41   50     950     140 12:18-14:48
2005 11  3 174  15  0.082   215     110       8 11:35-21:36   55    1200     170 11:54-14:35
2005 11  4 169  19  0.079   231     130       9 11:00-21:23   58    1400     190 11:30-14:11
2005 11  5 164  23  0.077   245     150      10 10:30-21:11   60    1600     210 11:11-13:48
2005 11  6 159  27  0.076   257     160      11  9:54-20:53   57    1600     210 10:48-13:18
2005 11  7 153  32  0.075   267     160      11  9:11-20:36   50    1500     230 10:30-12:35
2005 11  8 146  35  0.076   273     160      11  8:30-20:18   37    1000     190 10:18-11:48
2005 11  9 139  39  0.078   275     150      10  7:47-19:53   12     410     120      -
2005 11 10 132  41  0.080   274     130       9  7:12-19:30    0       0       0      -
2005 11 11 125  43  0.084   269     110       8  6:30-19:06    0       0       0      -
2005 11 12 118  45  0.088   261      94       6  5:54-18:41    0       0       0      -
2005 11 13 112  46  0.093   251      76       5  5:17-18:11    0       0       0      -
2005 11 14 105  46  0.098   239      61       4  4:47-17:48    0       0       0      -

Arecibo SNRs have been adjusted to reflect current transmitter power of about 500 kW.


Goldstone Track Assignments



1862 Apollo Goldstone tracks

          UT          UT       PST                                           Duration 
DOY      Date      TX Window   TX Window                  AST TX Window      (hh:mm)  
---      ----      ---------   -------------              -------------       -------  
306     Nov 02     1310-1710   0510-0910 Nov 02           0910-1310 Nov 02     4:00
310     Nov 06     1525-2015   0725-1215 Nov 06           1125-1615 Nov 06     4:50
311     Nov 07     1130-1530   0330-0730 Nov 07           0730-1130 Nov 07     4:00
317     Nov 13     1320-1730   0520-0930 Nov 13           0920-1330 Nov 13     4:10

1862 Apollo Arecibo Tracks
302     Oct 29     1356-1500   0556-0700 Oct 29           0956-1100 Oct 29     1:04
303     Oct 30     1324-1504   0524-0704 Oct 30           0924-1104 Oct 30     1:44
304     Oct 31   --NO APOLLO TRACK--
305     Nov 01     1230-1453   0430-0653 Nov 01           0830-1053 Nov 01     2:23
306     Nov 02     1205-1440   0405-0640 Nov 02           0805-1040 Nov 02     2:35

Goldstone/Arecibo Overlap 
306     Nov 02     1310-1440   0510-0640 Nov 02           0910-1040 Nov 02     1:30


2005 JE46 Goldstone tracks
306     Nov 02     1425-1710   0625-0910 Nov 02           1025-1310 Nov 02     2:45
310     Nov 06     1525-2015   0725-1215 Nov 06           1125-1615 Nov 06     4:50
311     Nov 07     1130-1530   0330-0730 Nov 07           0730-1130 Nov 07     4:00
317     Nov 13     1320-1555   0520-0755 Nov 13           0920-1155 Nov 13     2:35

Relative Rotation Phase Coverage
Sky Motion



Uncertainties


From Horizons: 2005 October 10, solution 76, # obs: 466 (1930-2005):

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(a-appar)_DEC.         delta POS_3sigma  DOP_S-sig  DOP_X-sig  RT_delay-sig

 2005-Oct-28 00:00     191.72496  -3.50209  0.1150122580 1.82600030       0.43       1.54      0.000104
 2005-Oct-29 00:00     189.51198  -1.21100  0.1082821031 1.91402795       0.41       1.47      0.000168
 2005-Oct-30 00:00     187.04369   1.36241  0.1019762517 1.99301770       0.39       1.40      0.000240
 2005-Oct-31 00:00     184.28179   4.24332  0.0961511613 2.05587541       0.37       1.31      0.000317
 2005-Nov-01 00:00     181.18242   7.44936  0.0908741923 2.09330644       0.34       1.20      0.000399
 2005-Nov-02 00:00     177.69675  10.98349  0.0862231535 2.09410352       0.30       1.09      0.000484
 2005-Nov-03 00:00     173.77278  14.82468  0.0822839522 2.04635187       0.27       0.96      0.000570
 2005-Nov-04 00:00     169.35922  18.91778  0.0791455416 1.93993285       0.23       0.82      0.000655
 2005-Nov-05 00:00     164.41250  23.16568  0.0768917799 1.77026601       0.19       0.67      0.000734
 2005-Nov-06 00:00     158.90754  27.42899  0.0755908780 1.54234805       0.14       0.51      0.000804
 2005-Nov-07 00:00     152.85215  31.53756  0.0752846191 1.27340449       0.11       0.38      0.000861
 2005-Nov-08 00:00     146.30229  35.31478  0.0759806337 .993100542       0.08       0.28      0.000904
 2005-Nov-09 00:00     139.37215  38.60860  0.0776505953 .742841553       0.08       0.27      0.000930
 2005-Nov-10 00:00     132.23139  41.31865  0.0802350621 .575402746       0.10       0.34      0.000941
 2005-Nov-11 00:00     125.08494  43.40939  0.0836530683 .532856752       0.12       0.43      0.000939
 2005-Nov-12 00:00     118.13944  44.90602  0.0878131660 .589554515       0.15       0.52      0.000927
 2005-Nov-13 00:00     111.56896  45.87742  0.0926230303 .680380071       0.17       0.60      0.000907
 2005-Nov-14 00:00     105.49320  46.41462  0.0979961655 .766457784       0.19       0.67      0.000882

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

From OSOD on stealth.gdscc.nasa.gov, solution 85:

     Date              Sigma                          
      UT           R.A.     Dec.    s Rdop   s Rdel   
YYYY mmm DD HH        arcsec          Hz       us     
---------------  -----------------  -------  -------  
2005 Nov 13 13a  1.77E-01 1.53E+00  5.8E-01  9.4E+01  
2005 Nov 13 14c  1.73E-01 1.53E+00  5.8E-01  9.5E+01  
2005 Nov 13 15*  1.70E-01 1.53E+00  5.8E-01  9.5E+01  
2005 Nov 13 16*  1.66E-01 1.52E+00  5.8E-01  9.5E+01  
2005 Nov 13 17*  1.63E-01 1.52E+00  5.8E-01  9.6E+01  
2005 Nov 13 18*  1.60E-01 1.52E+00  5.8E-01  9.6E+01  


Setups

CW Setup

CW setup for the November 13 track:

TX polarization           RCP
RCV polarization          LCP
Frequencies:              2
Dwell:                    20 seconds
Bandwidth:               10000 Hz 
Sampling interval:        1000 x 0.1 usec 
VME FFT for PSD files:    2048 for 4.88-Hz resolution


Possible ranging setups:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

127 x 64 10-usec single sample

baud            10 usec
code            127
gates           127
FFT             64
CLT             11
ncoh            2
bandwidth       394 Hz   
resolution      6.15 Hz
TXOFF           +60 Hz -> echo will be centered at +9.75 bins or in bin 32+10 = 42
incoh sums      64 => 10.4 sec/record

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

127 x 64 11-usec single sample, 5.6-Hz resolution.

baud            11 usec
code            127
gates           127
PRP             1397
FFT             64
CLT             11
ncoh            2
bandwidth       357.9 Hz   
resolution      5.59 Hz
TXOFF           TBD
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

127 x 64 11-usec single sample, 11.2-Hz resolution

baud            11 usec
code            127
gates           127
PRP             1397
FFT             64
CLT             11
ncoh            1
bandwidth       715.8 Hz   
resolution      11.2 Hz
TXOFF           +60 -> echo would be centered at +5 bins w/perfect ephemeris

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

127 x 64 7-usec single sample
------------------------------
baud            7 usec
code            127
gates           127
PRP             889
FFT             64
CLT             11
ncoh            1
bandwidth       1124.9 Hz   
resolution      17.6 Hz
TXOFF           +60 -> echo would be centered at +3.4 bins w/perfect ephemeris

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 1-usec single sample
------------------------------
baud            1 usec
code            127
gates           127
PRP             127
FFT             64
CLT             13 & 14, about evenly divided
ncoh            15
bandwidth       525 Hz   
resolution      8.2 Hz
TXOFF           +50 -> echo would be centered at +6.1 bins w/perfect ephemeris


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.125-usec ranging setup used in first UY4 track (DOY 213, Aug. 1)
------------------
setup           JX1XS001 revised 
baud            0.125 usec
code            127
gates           127
FFT             64
ncoh            984
bandwidth       64.016384 Hz     
resolution      1.000256 Hz
TXOFF           We used 10 Hz, placing COM in cell 32+10=42
                Henceforth use 15 Hz, to put COM in 32+15=47
incoh sums      4 looks=> 8 sec/record => expect records per run ~ RTT/8
PFS CLT gate    21



_____________________________________________________________________
POSSIBLE RANGING SETUPS: (code=127, FFT=64, single-pol'n) 
   These are from JX, w/ max-band (min-acc) options from Ray Jurgens.
   Currently configured for 5-sec records.
_______________________________________________________________________
 Setup        Baud        RP         1-acc 1-acc      
            usec   m      usec        band   res    acc  band     res 
_______________________________________________________________________
 
JX1XS110  11.000 1650    1397.0      715.8  11.2      2   358     5.6
JX1XS070   7.000 1050     889.0     1124.9  17.6      3   375     5.9
                                                      
JX1XS020   2.000  300     254.0     3937.0  61.5     12   328     5.1
                                                      4   984    15.4 

JX1XS010   1.000  150     127.0     7874.0 123.0     41   192     3.0 
                                                      8   984    15.4 

JX1XS005   0.500   75      63.5    15748.0 246.1    123   128     2.0 
                                                     15  1050    16.4 

JX1XS002   0.250   37.5    31.75   31496.1 492.1    492    64     1.0
                                                     30  1050    16.4 
 
JX1XS001   0.125   18.75   15.875  62992.1 984.3   1970    32     0.5 
                                                     60  1050    16.4 
____________________________________________________________________


Instructions

NOTE: Data should be moved to the appropriate subdirectories in stealth:/export/data0/rosema/Apollo/raw/

1862 Apollo POINTING:


   OSOD and predicts are at Goldstone on stealth:

   /export/data2/osod/ops/a1862/PRDX.OUT.s85
                               /PUNCH.OUT.s85
                               /EPH.OUT.s85

and have been copied to:
   /export/data0/rosema/Apollo/support/

POINTING  
                                                  TX Offsets    
Date (UTC)   DOY  hhmmss    RA       Dec   Macro  LHA      Dec    RTT  OSOD

2005 11 13   317  120000 108.4311 46.2141   A                     95.0  81
2005 11 13   317  130000 108.1705 46.2349   A                     95.2
2005 11 13   317  140000 107.9117 46.2540   A                     95.5
2005 11 13   317  150000 107.6552 46.2716   A   0.0068   0.0005   95.7
2005 11 13   317  160000 107.4013 46.2879   A                     95.9
2005 11 13   317  170000 107.1504 46.3033   A                     96.2
2005 11 13   317  180000 106.9025 46.3178   A                     96.4


PRDX.OUT.s85 TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14 RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA EL 2005 NOV 13 13:20 95.3177973268 -541808.140 27.7804 46.2414 108.084 66.531 2005 NOV 13 13:30 95.3558078571 -542756.563 30.3304 46.2446 108.041 64.836 2005 NOV 13 13:40 95.3938843314 -543689.356 32.8803 46.2478 107.998 63.119 2005 NOV 13 13:50 95.4320256056 -544605.379 35.4302 46.2509 107.955 61.385 2005 NOV 13 14:00 95.4702304651 -545503.525 37.9801 46.2540 107.912 59.640 2005 NOV 13 14:10 95.5084976190 -546382.724 40.5298 46.2570 107.869 57.887 2005 NOV 13 14:20 95.5468257109 -547241.941 43.0795 46.2600 107.826 56.129 2005 NOV 13 14:30 95.5852132925 -548080.180 45.6292 46.2629 107.783 54.367 2005 NOV 13 14:40 95.6236588719 -548896.489 48.1787 46.2658 107.740 52.604 2005 NOV 13 14:50 95.6621608672 -549689.954 50.7282 46.2687 107.698 50.843 2005 NOV 13 15:00 95.7007176588 -550459.709 53.2776 46.2716 107.655 49.084 2005 NOV 13 15:10 95.7393275474 -551204.935 55.8270 46.2744 107.613 47.329 2005 NOV 13 15:20 95.7779887860 -551924.859 58.3763 46.2771 107.570 45.579 2005 NOV 13 15:30 95.8166995837 -552618.757 60.9255 46.2799 107.528 43.837 2005 NOV 13 15:40 95.8554580839 -553285.959 63.4746 46.2826 107.486 42.102 2005 NOV 13 15:50 95.8942624014 -553925.845 66.0236 46.2853 107.443 40.376 2005 NOV 13 16:00 95.9331105928 -554537.847 68.5726 46.2879 107.401 38.660 2005 NOV 13 16:10 95.9720006853 -555121.456 71.1214 46.2905 107.359 36.955 2005 NOV 13 16:20 96.0109306805 -555676.214 73.6702 46.2931 107.317 35.263 2005 NOV 13 16:30 96.0498985414 -556201.722 76.2189 46.2957 107.275 33.584 2005 NOV 13 16:40 96.0889021972 -556697.638 78.7676 46.2982 107.234 31.919 2005 NOV 13 16:50 96.1279395712 -557163.676 81.3161 46.3007 107.192 30.270 2005 NOV 13 17:00 96.1670085526 -557599.611 83.8646 46.3032 107.150 28.637 2005 NOV 13 17:10 96.2061070331 -558005.275 86.4129 46.3057 107.109 27.022 2005 NOV 13 17:20 96.2452328865 -558380.560 88.9612 46.3081 107.067 25.425 2005 NOV 13 17:30 96.2843839730 -558725.417 91.5094 46.3106 107.026 23.848
 

GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG

============================================================================== RCV file setup runs start -stop osod OFFSET TX Poln ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ November 2 (DOY 306) CW 2 hops, 10 kHz, 2k FFT 20s dwell 21 134208-144011 81 none RCP VME & PFS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ November 13 (DOY 317) 10 usec, ncoh=2, 127 code 10 160650-163728 85 +60 RCP VME & PFS 1 usec, ncoh=15,127 code 15 164418-173107 85 +60 ? RCP VME & PFS ============================================================================== RADAR ASTROMETRY 2005 11 13 16:50:00 R 96.127871 2.0 8560.D6 -14 Benner, L.A.M. Correction of -69 usec to soln 85 from 10 and 1 usec ranging. Placed COM at TE of 1 usec echo, which is about 4 rows deep. ==============================================================================
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412 Mail Stop 300-233 | FAX: (818) 354-9476 Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance@reason.jpl.nasa.gov Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 | Plan: To live long and prosper http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/1992UY4/goldstone/html/1992UY4_planning.html

Asteroid Radar Astronomy