Goldstone Radar Observations Planning: Asteroid 3122 Florence and 2001 QL142
Delay-Doppler images of Florence obtained on August 29, 2017. The resolution is 75 m x 7.7 Hz. Range increases up and Doppler frequency increases to the right. Time increases from left to right and top to bottom. The asteroid shows a generally rounded appearance. The distance from the leading to the trailing edges is about 2.3 km. Each image is a sum of 5 runs that spans about 25 degrees of rotation.
Delay-Doppler image of Florence obtained on September 1 showing the primary and two small moons. The resolution is 75 m x 1 Hz. 75 m x 1 Hz.
Echo power spectrum of Florence obtained on August 29, 2017. The resolution is 5.0 Hz. Solid and dashed curves show echo power in the OC and SC channels. The circular polarization ratio is in the realm of 0.3 - 0.4.
3122 Florence 3122 Florence (1981 ET3) was discovered by S. J. Bus at Siding Spring (Australia) in March 1981. This asteroid is named in honor of Florence Nightingale (1820-1910), the founder of modern nursing. With a diameter of about 4.3 km, Florence is among the largest near-Earth asteroids. Among asteroids classified as "Potentially Hazardous," Florence ranks fourth in diameter after 53319 1999 JM8 (~7 km), 4183 Cuno (5.6 km), and 3200 Phaethon (5.1 km). Florence will approach within 0.047 au on 2017 September 1 when it will be a strong radar target. We are expecting signal-to-noise ratios sufficient for high-resolution imaging that places hundreds of pixels on the object. Florence has a rotation period of 2.36 h and a lightcurve amplitude of 0.2 magnitudes (Wisniewksi et al. 1997) that suggests a shape with a relatively low elongation. Pravec et al. (2006) found that ~2/3 of NEAs with rotation periods this fast have a satellite, but currently it is unknown if Florence is a binary system. Warner (2016) points out a possible second period of 10.4 h in his lightcurve data but the evidence is not yet conclusive that Florence has a companion. If Florence has a satellite, then our chances of detecting it are excellent, and if so, then we plan to measure its motion to estimate the orbital parameters, mass, and density of the system. Multiple estimates of Florence's diameter are available. Here we adopt the most recent estimate of 4.35 km that was reported by Mainzer et al. (2011) from NASA's WISE spacecraft. Observations by Thomas et al. (2011) using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have yielded an albedo of 0.21 that corresponds to a diameter of 4.4 km. One of our principal objectives is to obtain radar images that can be inverted to estimate the 3D shape and dimensions of this asteroid to help calibrate the WISE and Spitzer measurements. Mainzer et al. also estimate an optical albedo of 0.15 that is consistent with the SQ spectral class that has been reported. Although an E-class taxonomy has also been reported, this is very difficult to reconcile with the optical albedos obtained from the spacecraft measurements. Florence will be brighter than 16th magnitude for about seven months from June 2017-January 2018, so this apparition provides an exceptional opportunity for photometry, spectroscopy, and IR radiometry. Florence is predicted to reach 9th magnitude in late August when it will be visible in small telescopes for experienced observers at sites with dark skies. Although an estimate of the rotation period is available, the pole direction is unknown. Lightcurves obtained from late July to mid-October, as the asteroid traverses ~150 degrees across the sky, could yield a precise pole direction. During this interval the asteroid will move from high southern to high northern declinations so coordination among observing sites in the southern and northern hemispheres will be necessary. Florence will approach from the south and Goldstone observations are scheduled from Aug. 29-Sep. 8. Florence is potentially detectable at Goldstone for about four weeks. Due to its motion in declination, Florence is visible at Arecibo on only five days from Sep. 1-5. We may also request time at Green Bank to receive Goldstone transmissions depending on the outcome of early imaging observations. There will also be efforts to observe Florence at Goldstone in a phased array radar test using DSS-13, DSS-24, DSS-25, and DSS-26. Colleagues in Australia are planning to observe Florence by transmitting 20 kW with a 34 m antenna at 7190 MHz and receiving echoes with the Australian Telescope Compact Array (with an effective diameter of 49 m). The 2017 encounter is the closest by this asteroid since 1890 and until after 2500. All the close encounters within 0.1 au occur from late August to early September when the asteroid is near its ascending node. The intervals between successive approaches < 0.1 au are often 40 y, 73 y, and 87 y. Florence is classified as a "Potentially Hazardous Asteroid" by the Minor Planet Center. 2001 QL142 2001 QL142 was discovered by the LONEOS program near Flagstaff, AZ on 2001 August 24. Little is known about this object other than its absolute magnitude of 17.8, which suggests a diameter within a factor of two of about 900 meters. 2001 QL142 will approach within 0.0583 au in mid-September 2017 when it will be detectable at Goldstone, possibly at rather modest SNRs, and when it could be a moderately strong imaging target at Arecibo. The Minor Planet Center has classified 2001 QL142 as a "Potentially Hazardous Asteroid."
Orbital and Physical Characteristics Name Florence 2001 QL142 Number 3122 310560 Discoverer S. J. Bus at Siding Spring LONEOS Discovery date 1981 Mar 2 2001 Aug 24 orbit type Amor Apollo Close approach date 2017 Sep 01 2017 Sep 14 Close approach dist. 0.0472 au 0.0583 au Close approach dist. 18.4 lunar distances 22.7 lunar distances semimajor axis 1.769 au 1.049 au eccentricity 0.422 0.499 inclination 22.2 deg 26.6 deg orbital period 2.352 y 1.075 y perihelion distance 1.021 au 0.526 au aphelion distance 2.516 au 1.573 au MOID 0.0439 au 0.0475 au Tisserand parameter 3.919 5.655 absolute magnitude (H) 14.1 17.8 14.5 Pravec et al. 2012 diameter 4.35 km various estimates: 4.35 - 4.9 km 0.88 km optical albedo 0.15 various estimates: 0.15 - 0.23 unknown spectral class S E and Q have also been reported. unknown rotation period 2.358 h unknown lightcurve amplitude 0.18 mag unknown pole direction unknown unknown PHA PHA Florence Upcoming Earth close approaches: Date (TDB) Body CA Dist MinDist MaxDist Vrel TCA3Sg Nsigs P_i/p A.D. 1603 Aug 24.30759 Earth .081946 .081917 .081976 14.357 3.15 3.82E5 .000000 A.D. 1690 Sep 01.61992 Earth .077441 .077434 .077448 13.322 0.84 3.78E5 .000000 A.D. 1763 Aug 25.22891 Earth .084937 .084903 .084971 14.421 3.59 3.84E5 .000000 A.D. 1803 Aug 27.31701 Earth .069692 .069672 .069711 14.232 2.35 3.88E5 .000000 A.D. 1890 Aug 31.23639 Earth .044939 .044937 .044941 13.620 0.67 3.91E5 .000000 A.D. 1930 Aug 29.80783 Earth .052392 .052391 .052394 13.954 0.21 3.80E5 .000000 A.D. 2017 Sep 01.50403 Earth .047237 .047236 .047237 13.535 0.13 4.45E5 .000000 A.D. 2057 Sep 02.02841 Earth .049958 .049952 .049963 13.472 1.13 4.22E5 .000000 A.D. 2130 Aug 27.80918 Earth .086981 .086934 .087028 14.604 4.81 3.90E5 .000000 A.D. 2170 Aug 28.37127 Earth .078125 .078089 .078161 14.496 3.91 3.92E5 .000000 A.D. 2257 Sep 07.28737 Earth .082092 .082089 .082094 13.116 0.30 4.10E5 .000000 A.D. 2330 Aug 29.24668 Earth .095450 .095393 .095507 14.784 5.64 3.92E5 .000000 A.D. 2370 Aug 29.53743 Earth .092030 .091998 .092062 14.726 3.24 4.03E5 .000000 A.D. 2457 Sep 06.94249 Earth .065436 .065426 .065446 13.221 1.32 3.97E5 .000000 NASA Press Release about Florence: 2017 August 17 https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6927 Sky and Telescope article about Florence: 2017 August 30 http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/see-asteroid-florence-fly-by-earth-this-week/ EarthSky.org article about Florence: 2017 August 29 (updated Sep. 2) http://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/asteroid-1981-et3-3122-florence-pass-earth-2017-binoculars JPL Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) release: 2017 Sep 1 https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news199.html Sky and Telescope article about Florence: 2017 Sep. 2 http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/asteroid-florence-has-two-moons/ AccuWeather.com article featuring a video from Arecibo https://www.accuweather.com/en/videos/asteroid-florence-and-its-moons-make-near-earth-fly-by/b0ntnqyze6iffelbpkocac0ya9-prokc JPL Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) release: 2017 Sep 11 https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news200.html Last update: 2017 September 19
Heliocentric trajectory of Florence from June-December 2017. Actual positions of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are shown relative to the background stars.
Enlarged view of the encounter between Earth and Florence in August-September, 2017. Florence approaches from the south and the flyby distance is 0.047 au. Actual positions of Earth and the Moon are shown.
Florence was discovered in March 1981 but we have been unable to find an announcement. 2001 QL42 Discovery MPEC http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K01/K01Q50.html
Goldstone SNRs Florence: D = 4.35 km, P = 2.36 h, OC albedo = 0.1 8.56 GHz 8.56 GHz 8.56 GHz 7.19 GHz 7.19 GHz 7.19 GHz DSS-14 Monostatic DSS14-GBT DSS13-GBT DSS13-AO DSS26-DSS13 w DOY start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run SNR/RTT SNR/RTT SNR/RTT SNR/RTT 35 240 2017 Aug 28 05:33-08:36 325, -31 0.058 96 980 100 230 8 35 241 2017 Aug 29 04:21-09:23 322, -25 0.054 170 1900 150 * 340 12 0.9 DSS-35 Canberra/ATCA 35 242 2017 Aug 30 03:26-09:53 320, -17 0.050 233 2900 210 * 480 17 1.3 DSS-35 Canberra/ATCA 35 243 2017 Aug 31 02:38-10:15 318, -9 0.048 287 4100 260 * 600 21 1.6 35 244 2017 Sep 01 01:54-10:32 315, 0 0.047 332 4900 290 * 670 23 58 1.8 DSS-36 Canberra/ATCA 35 245 2017 Sep 02 01:14-10:44 313, +9 0.048 363 5000 280 * 640 22 56 1.7 35 246 2017 Sep 03 00:38-10:54 311, +18 0.049 381 4600 250 * 570 20 50 1.5 36 247 2017 Sep 04 00:04-11:01 308, +26 0.052 385 3800 210 * 480 17 42 1.3 36 247-248 2017 Sep 04-05 23:32-11:06 306, +33 0.055 380 3000 170 * 390 14 34 1.0 36 248-249 2017 Sep 05-06 23:01-11:10 304, +39 0.060 369 2200 130 * 300 10 36 249-250 2017 Sep 06-07 22:33-11:12 302, +44 0.065 355 1700 96 * 220 8 36 250-251 2017 Sep 07-08 22:05-11:14 299, +48 0.070 339 1200 72 * 170 6 36 251-252 2017 Sep 08-09 21:39-11:14 297, +52 0.076 324 900 54 120 4 36 252-253 2017 Sep 09-10 21:13-11:15 295, +55 0.082 309 670 41 94 3 36 253-254 2017 Sep 10-11 20:49-11:15 293, +57 0.089 296 510 32 74 2.6 37 254-255 2017 Sep 11-12 20:25-11:14 291, +59 0.095 283 390 25 58 37 255-256 2017 Sep 12-13 20:01-11:14 289, +61 0.102 271 300 20 46 37 256-257 2017 Sep 13-14 19:39-11:13 287, +63 0.109 260 230 16 37 37 257-258 2017 Sep 14-15 19:17-11:12 285, +64 0.115 250 180 13 30 37 258-259 2017 Sep 15-16 18:55-11:11 283, +65 0.122 241 150 10 37 259-260 2017 Sep 16-17 18:35-11:10 281, +66 0.129 233 120 9 37 260-261 2017 Sep 17-18 18:14-11:09 280, +67 0.136 225 97 7 38 261-262 2017 Sep 18-19 17:55-11:08 278, +68 0.143 218 80 6 38 262-263 2017 Sep 19-20 17:35-11:08 277, +69 0.150 212 67 5 For transmissions at DSS-13 and DSS-26, we assumed Ptx = 80 kW. DSS-13 and DSS-26 transmit at 7190 MHz. Goldstone observations start three days before Florence is visible at Arecibo and conclude three days after it moves too far north for Arecibo to track. The Goldstone tracks effectively do not overlap times when Florence is visible at Arecibo: there's only four minutes of overlap on one day. This would be a good object for bistatic imaging with Green Bank in order to achieve higher resolution. Florence is so large that monostatic observations probably will not be able to use resolutions finer than about 1/4 or 1/8 usec. If Florence has a satellite, then we want to extend the imaging on each day as much as possible to estimate the orbital parameters and mass. The SNRs look strong enough to get images of any satellites and thus 3D models. Sky motion during the dates with Goldstone radar tracks will be about 76 degrees. Arecibo SNRs Start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run Duration 2017 Sep 01 02:38-03:04 316, -1 0.047 14 19000 5200 0:26 2017 Sep 02 01:29-03:45 313, 8 0.047 73 65000 8000 2:16 Scheduled 2017 Sep 03 01:01-03:44 311, 17 0.049 84 64000 7300 2:43 Scheduled 2017 Sep 04 00:49-03:28 309, 25 0.051 79 52000 6100 2:39 Scheduled 2017 Sep 05 00:52-02:57 306, 32 0.055 59 34000 4800 2:05 Scheduled Arecibo SNRs adopted D = 4.9 km, so if we adjust for the smaller diameter of 4.35 km estimated from the WISE mission, the SNRs should be ~14% smaller. Arecibo assumptions: Ptx = 900 kW, Tsys = 25 K. Tidbinbilla Rise/Set times elevation limit = 20 degrees Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta 2017-Aug-26 07:26 *r 328.89519 -41.24046 0.06799040948810 2017-Aug-26 19:43 Ns 327.74066 -38.95083 0.06513423147714 2017-Aug-27 07:28 *r 326.77383 -36.55463 0.06252701580814 2017-Aug-27 19:16 As 325.62869 -33.93002 0.06004844390028 2017-Aug-28 07:30 *r 324.58936 -30.96374 0.05764488539158 2017-Aug-28 18:47 s 323.46344 -27.99634 0.05559656923553 2017-Aug-29 07:35 *r 322.34515 -24.35422 0.05349220117131 Requested 2017-Aug-29 18:17 s 321.25163 -21.08529 0.05193163689628 2017-Aug-30 07:42 *r 320.05138 -16.70945 0.05025623387394 Requested 2017-Aug-30 17:43 s 319.00699 -13.25787 0.04922748161310 2017-Aug-31 07:52 Cr 317.71571 -8.15491 0.04812197661000 2017-Aug-31 17:06 s 316.73733 -4.71355 0.04763228122846 2017-Sep-01 08:06 Cr 315.34613 0.98888 0.04724169588598 Requested Closest day 2017-Sep-01 16:25 s 314.45392 4.17161 0.04724507765856 2017-Sep-02 08:24 Nr 312.95260 10.23410 0.04768985150995 2017-Sep-02 15:40 s 312.16636 12.93454 0.04807910648216 2017-Sep-03 08:50 Ar 310.53812 19.08612 0.04944035714988 2017-Sep-03 14:47 s 309.89109 21.12574 0.05004997098449 2017-Sep-04 09:29 r 308.10354 27.16764 0.05238728429969 2017-Sep-04 13:41 s 307.64610 28.44261 0.05299408390311 2017-Sep-05 11:10 r 305.56997 34.47432 0.05651114959748 2017-Sep-05 11:35 s 305.52468 34.58321 0.05658567642850 After Sep. 5, Florence moves too far north to track at Tidbinbilla.
2001 QL142 Goldstone SNRs Assumptions: D = 0.83 km, P = 2.2 h, OC albedo = 0.1 w DOY start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run 36 250-251 2017 Sep 07-08 15:59-01:29 182, +8 0.098 171 21 2 36 251-252 2017 Sep 08-09 16:12-01:16 183, +4 0.088 180 32 3 Exits the beam at Arecibo 36 252-253 2017 Sep 09-10 16:31-00:58 184, -2 0.079 187 46 4 * Scheduled 36 253-254 2017 Sep 10-11 16:57-00:35 186, -9 0.071 186 64 5 37 254-255 2017 Sep 11-12 17:39-00:00 188, -18 0.065 170 80 7 * Scheduled 37 255 2017 Sep 12 18:54-22:55 191, -29 0.061 115 74 7 This object moves too far south to track after Sep. 12. Arecibo SNRs start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run 2017 Sep 01 16:12-18:55 177, +24 0.169 28 32 6 2017 Sep 02 16:09-18:54 178, +22 0.156 31 44 8 2017 Sep 03 16:06-18:52 179, +20 0.144 34 61 11 2017 Sep 04 16:05-18:51 179, +18 0.133 34 81 14 2017 Sep 05 16:05-18:48 180, +16 0.121 40 120 20 2017 Sep 06 16:07-18:44 181, +13 0.110 42 170 28 2017 Sep 07 16:14-18:36 182, +9 0.100 42 240 39 Scheduled 2017 Sep 08 16:29-18:22 183, +4 0.090 37 310 56 Scheduled Arecibo assumptions: Ptx = 900 kW, Tsys = 25 K This object is detectable at Arecibo prior to Sep. 1 but at SNRs weaker than those shown above. This object is within the beam at Arecibo for only ten minutes on Sep 9 so we don't show SNRs because it's not practical to observe it.
Track Assignments
241 0555 0640 1600 1620 DSS-35 GSSR MOON/AST FLORENCE DSS-35/ATCA partially overlaps time at DSS-14 241 0610 0750 0920 0950 DSS-14 GSSR AST FLORENCE 242 0625 0755 0950 1010 DSS-14 GSSR AST FLORENCE 242 1310 1355 1600 1620 DSS-35 GSSR AST FLORENCE DSS-35/ATCA 243 0635 0805 1015 1045 DSS-14 GSSR AST FLORENCE 244 0230 0400 1030 1100 DSS-14 GSSR AST FLORENCE 244 0715 0800 1600 1620 DSS-36 GSSR AST FLORENCE DSS-36/ATCA partially overlaps time at DSS-14 245 0325 0455 1040 1110 DSS-14 GSSR AST FLORENCE 246 0320 0450 0730 0800 DSS-14 GSSR AST FLORENCE 247 0315 0445 1020 1050 DSS-14 GSSR AST FLORENCE 248 0750 0920 1100 1130 DSS-14 GSSR AST FLORENCE 249 0750 0920 1100 1130 DSS-14 GSSR AST FLORENCE 250 0745 0915 1100 1130 DSS-14 GSSR AST FLORENCE 251 0305 0435 1105 1135 DSS-14 GSSR AST FLORENCE 256 0615 0745 0845 0915 DSS-14 GSSR AST FLORENCE Added 2017 Sep 7 Phased array tests with Florence using DSS-24, 25, 26, to transmit and 13 to receive: 242 0140 1030 GSSR AST FLORENCE ARY 243 0105 1045 GSSR AST FLORENCE ARY 244 0025 1030 GSSR AST FLORENCE ARY 245 0405 1115 GSSR AST FLORENCE ARY 252 1635 1805 2025 2055 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2001 QL142 254 1855 2025 2155 2225 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2001 QL142 Goldstone Schedule in more detail: (This does not include time scheduled in Australia) UT UT PDT Round-trip Monostatic Duration Arecibo DOY Date TX Window TX Window time (sec) SNR/RTT hours Rotations Overlap 241 Aug 29 Florence 0650-0920 2350-0220 Aug 28-29 54 150 2.50 1.1 None Lance 242 Aug 30 Florence 0655-0950 2355-0250 Aug 29-30 50 210 2.92 1.2 None Marina 243 Aug 31 Florence 0705-1015 0005-0315 Aug 31 48 260 3.17 1.3 None Shantanu 244 Sep 01 Florence 0300-1030 2000-0330 Aug 31-01 47 290 7.5 3.2 0300-0304 Lance 245 Sep 02 Florence 0355-1040 2055-0340 Sep 01-02 48 280 6.75 2.9 None Marina 246 Sep 03 Florence 0350-0730 2050-0030 Sep 02-03 49 250 3.67 1.6 None CANCELLED DUE TO EQUIPMENT PROBLEMS 247 Sep 04 Florence 0345-1020 2045-0320 Sep 03-04 52 210 6.58 2.8 None Lance 248 Sep 05 Florence 0820-1100 0120-0400 Sep 05 55 170 2.67 1.1 None Marina 249 Sep 06 Florence 0820-1100 0120-0400 Sep 06 60 130 2.67 1.1 None Shantanu 250 Sep 07 Florence 0815-1100 0115-0400 Sep 07 65 96 2.75 1.2 None Lance 251 Sep 08 Florence 0335-1105 2035-0405 Sep 07-08 70 72 7.5 3.2 None Marina 252 Sep 09 2001 QL142 1705-2025 1005-1325 Sep 9 79 4 3.3 None Shantanu 254 Sep 11 2001 QL142 1925-2155 1225-1455 Sep 11 65 7 2.5 None Lance 256 Sep 13 Florence 0645-0845 2345-0145 Sep 12-13 102 20 2.0 0.85 None Arecibo Schedule: UT PDT start date Target start stop start stop dist SNR/run Duration Rotations 2017 Sep 02 Florence 0129-0345 1829-2045 0.047 8000 2:16 0.96 2017 Sep 03 Florence 0101-0344 1801-2044 0.049 7300 2:43 1.15 2017 Sep 04 Florence 0049-0328 1749-2028 0.051 6100 2:39 1.12 2017 Sep 05 Florence 0052-0257 1752-1957 0.055 4800 2:05 0.88 2017 Sep 07 2001 QL142 1614-1836 0914-1136 0.100 39 2:22 Cancelled due to Hurricane Irma 2017 Sep 08 2001 QL142 1629-1822 0929-1122 0.090 56 1:53 Cancelled due to Hurricane Irma
Uncertainties
Florence JPL/Horizons solution # 367, obs: 2007 (1979-2017): 2017 July 31 Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta POS_3sigma DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig 2017-Aug-21 00:00 *m 338.83277 -55.90265 0.10263397807450 2.963 0.40 1.46 0.000789 2017-Aug-22 00:00 *m 337.14600 -54.06862 0.09564590253425 3.169 0.41 1.47 0.000799 2017-Aug-23 00:00 *m 335.36942 -51.89835 0.08882306925966 3.403 0.41 1.50 0.000808 2017-Aug-24 00:00 *m 333.50591 -49.31838 0.08220605891130 3.669 0.43 1.56 0.000815 2017-Aug-25 00:00 *m 331.55935 -46.23853 0.07584786684933 3.972 0.47 1.71 0.000819 2017-Aug-26 00:00 *m 329.53469 -42.55058 0.06981797922583 4.318 0.56 2.03 0.000819 2017-Aug-27 00:00 *m 327.43789 -38.13024 0.06420726610433 4.710 0.73 2.67 0.000812 2017-Aug-28 00:00 *m 325.27588 -32.84695 0.05913295814209 5.148 1.03 3.73 0.000795 2017-Aug-29 00:00 *m 323.05654 -26.58811 0.05474160962954 5.624 1.46 5.31 0.000764 2017-Aug-30 00:00 *m 320.78850 -19.30464 0.05120571561133 6.111 2.03 7.37 0.000715 2017-Aug-31 00:00 *m 318.48107 -11.07514 0.04870765682482 6.555 2.67 9.69 0.000646 2017-Sep-01 00:00 *m 316.14401 -2.16092 0.04740673441515 6.883 3.25 11.81 0.000559 2017-Sep-02 00:00 *m 313.78732 7.00163 0.04739588362798 7.022 3.63 13.19 0.000460 2017-Sep-03 00:00 * 311.42105 15.90403 0.04866965632541 6.940 3.71 13.50 0.000367 2017-Sep-04 00:00 * 309.05507 24.11575 0.05112539903395 6.661 3.53 12.84 0.000299 2017-Sep-05 00:00 * 306.69888 31.38351 0.05459684563106 6.254 3.18 11.56 0.000274 2017-Sep-06 00:00 * 304.36145 37.63513 0.05889748670487 5.786 2.77 10.06 0.000291 2017-Sep-07 00:00 * 302.05108 42.92318 0.06385269743123 5.312 2.36 8.59 0.000330 2017-Sep-08 00:00 * 299.77534 47.36128 0.06931485932548 4.863 2.01 7.29 0.000375 2017-Sep-09 00:00 * 297.54100 51.07953 0.07516609586234 4.453 1.70 6.19 0.000420 2017-Sep-10 00:00 * 295.35402 54.20108 0.08131496124175 4.086 1.45 5.28 0.000461 2017-Sep-11 00:00 * 293.21956 56.83283 0.08769131203000 3.762 1.25 4.53 0.000497 2017-Sep-12 00:00 * 291.14195 59.06363 0.09424136760344 3.475 1.08 3.92 0.000530 2017-Sep-13 00:00 * 289.12477 60.96580 0.10092363645585 3.223 0.94 3.42 0.000558
2001 QL142 JPL/Horizons solution 75, # obs: 207 (1974-2016) 2017 May 24 Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta POS_3sigma DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig 2017-Sep-01 00:00 *m 177.12009 24.45917 0.17763933398312 2.846 0.87 3.17 0.002369 2017-Sep-02 00:00 *m 177.58700 23.12557 0.16527993253366 3.042 0.87 3.14 0.002343 2017-Sep-03 00:00 * 178.09614 21.56008 0.15312854702475 3.262 0.88 3.21 0.002320 2017-Sep-04 00:00 * 178.65821 19.71043 0.14121143294157 3.512 0.94 3.42 0.002299 2017-Sep-05 00:00 * 179.28677 17.50837 0.12956548276714 3.797 1.05 3.81 0.002281 2017-Sep-06 00:00 * 179.99941 14.86412 0.11824267885095 4.126 1.22 4.42 0.002263 2017-Sep-07 00:00 * 180.81943 11.65914 0.10731669897699 4.507 1.46 5.32 0.002246 2017-Sep-08 00:00 * 181.77833 7.73787 0.09689266588485 4.953 1.81 6.57 0.002228 2017-Sep-09 00:00 * 182.91994 2.90064 0.08712114734176 5.479 2.30 8.34 0.002203 2017-Sep-10 00:00 * 184.30697 -3.09433 0.07821678619515 6.104 3.00 10.91 0.002166 2017-Sep-11 00:00 * 186.03237 -10.50128 0.07047849751887 6.841 4.04 14.70 0.002104 2017-Sep-12 00:00 * 188.23953 -19.49599 0.06429848453655 7.680 5.52 20.08 0.002001 2017-Sep-13 00:00 * 191.16034 -29.99649 0.06013024923565 8.536 7.32 26.62 0.001841 2017-Sep-14 00:00 * 195.19050 -41.45877 0.05837994041166 9.211 8.91 32.37 0.001624 2017-Sep-15 00:00 * 201.04550 -52.86750 0.05923953534641 9.471 9.56 34.74 0.001375 2017-Sep-16 00:00 * 210.07869 -63.05306 0.06258298256810 9.232 9.05 32.90 0.001139 2017-Sep-17 00:00 * 224.75337 -71.01615 0.06803041315486 8.620 7.78 28.29 0.000959 2017-Sep-18 00:00 *m 247.86366 -75.90537 0.07511425119108 7.836 6.30 22.90 0.000848 2017-Sep-19 00:00 *m 276.03021 -77.25296 0.08341018743693 7.033 4.94 17.96 0.000797 2017-Sep-20 00:00 *m 298.71381 -75.99113 0.09258676473516 6.290 3.83 13.90 0.000784 2017-Sep-21 00:00 *m 313.03949 -73.70024 0.10240301775064 5.635 2.95 10.73 0.000791
Apparent Magnitudes, Solar Elongations, Lunar Elongations, and Lunar Illumination: Florence Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta APmag S-brt S-O-T /r T-O-M/Illu% 2017-Jul-27 00:00 355.64720 -66.81484 0.29384999026652 13.56 4.94 123.0689 /L 118.8/ 16.1 2017-Jul-29 00:00 355.63643 -66.76858 0.27811776967605 13.43 4.92 123.3151 /L 108.6/ 34.1 2017-Jul-31 00:00 355.45845 -66.67119 0.26243317280338 13.30 4.91 123.6063 /L 96.0/ 53.6 2017-Aug-02 00:00 355.09846 -66.51209 0.24679456820956 13.15 4.90 123.9538 /L 82.9/ 72.0 2017-Aug-04 00:00 354.53998 -66.27783 0.23120238445072 13.00 4.88 124.3715 /L 70.5/ 87.0 2017-Aug-06 00:00 353.76472 -65.95092 0.21565972469951 12.83 4.87 124.8774 /L 60.4/ 97.0 2017-Aug-08 00:00 352.75239 -65.50832 0.20017320854165 12.65 4.85 125.4941 /L 55.1/ 99.9 2017-Aug-10 00:00 351.48068 -64.91898 0.18475420752228 12.46 4.83 126.2514 /L 57.1/ 94.8 2017-Aug-12 00:00 349.92555 -64.14030 0.16942064675619 12.24 4.81 127.1893 /L 66.6/ 81.6 2017-Aug-14 00:00 348.06209 -63.11254 0.15419963515621 12.01 4.78 128.3619 /L 81.4/ 61.9 2017-Aug-16 00:00 345.86621 -61.75027 0.13913145383343 11.75 4.75 129.8442 /L 99.2/ 39.3 2017-Aug-18 00:00 343.31727 -59.92882 0.12427596876916 11.45 4.71 131.7423 /L 117.4/ 18.4 2017-Aug-20 00:00 340.40160 -57.46249 0.10972355836649 11.12 4.66 134.2077 /L 132.4/ 4.2 2017-Aug-22 00:00 337.11642 -54.06933 0.09561475155414 10.73 4.59 137.4574 /L 137.3/ 0.1 2017-Aug-24 00:00 333.47305 -49.31585 0.08217683377391 10.29 4.50 141.7888 /L 128.3/ 6.1 2017-Aug-26 00:00 329.49875 -42.54297 0.06979180557576 9.78 4.37 147.5277 /T 110.4/ 19.7 2017-Aug-28 00:00 325.23725 -32.83192 0.05911174179928 9.22 4.20 154.5677 /T 88.2/ 37.4 2017-Aug-30 00:00 320.74777 -19.28077 0.05119234738831 8.74 4.05 159.9332 /T 63.6/ 56.4 2017-Sep-01 00:00 316.10195 -2.13131 0.04740424944350 8.71 4.17 155.0730 /T 40.8/ 74.3 2017-Sep-03 00:00 311.37854 15.93105 0.04867879826657 9.13 4.47 141.5067 /T 34.5/ 89.0 2017-Sep-05 00:00 306.65683 31.40198 0.05461521846834 9.73 4.72 127.7362 /T 49.2/ 98.2 2017-Sep-07 00:00 302.01034 42.93300 0.06387706781502 10.35 4.90 116.9739 /T 67.6/ 99.4 2017-Sep-09 00:00 297.50234 51.08297 0.07519407807312 10.91 5.02 109.2179 /T 82.6/ 91.4 2017-Sep-11 00:00 293.18355 56.83208 0.08772146243374 11.39 5.10 103.6946 /T 92.4/ 74.9 2017-Sep-13 00:00 289.09184 60.96240 0.10095511685665 11.79 5.16 99.7143 /T 96.8/ 53.2 2017-Sep-15 00:00 285.25255 64.00093 0.11459460308543 12.13 5.19 96.7977 /T 96.7/ 30.7 2017-Sep-17 00:00 281.67929 66.29016 0.12845346631192 12.42 5.22 94.6296 /T 94.1/ 12.3 2017-Sep-19 00:00 278.37506 68.05405 0.14240962247039 12.67 5.23 93.0024 /T 90.9/ 1.8 2017-Sep-21 00:00 275.33387 69.44197 0.15637865439714 12.89 5.24 91.7769 /T 88.7/ 0.8 2017-Sep-23 00:00 272.54309 70.55558 0.17029914302545 13.08 5.24 90.8574 /T 88.1/ 8.3 2017-Sep-25 00:00 269.98627 71.46545 0.18412428241214 13.24 5.23 90.1766 /T 89.0/ 22.1 2017-Sep-27 00:00 267.64559 72.22152 0.19781688619840 13.39 5.23 89.6859 /T 91.0/ 39.6 2017-Sep-29 00:00 265.50369 72.85979 0.21134633046762 13.52 5.22 89.3500 /T 93.3/ 58.5 2017-Oct-01 00:00 263.54462 73.40679 0.22468665154410 13.64 5.21 89.1426 /T 95.3/ 76.5 2017-Oct-03 00:00 261.75433 73.88240 0.23781533682689 13.74 5.21 89.0436 /T 96.3/ 91.1 2017-Oct-05 00:00 260.12110 74.30183 0.25071252358242 13.84 5.20 89.0380 /T 95.6/ 99.2 2017-Oct-07 00:00 258.63582 74.67695 0.26336044882831 13.92 5.19 89.1141 /T 93.0/ 97.9 2017-Oct-09 00:00 257.29211 75.01739 0.27574310837237 14.00 5.18 89.2630 /T 89.2/ 86.5 2017-Oct-11 00:00 256.08589 75.33132 0.28784614546747 14.07 5.17 89.4781 /T 85.1/ 67.2 2017-Oct-13 00:00 255.01438 75.62603 0.29965693593440 14.14 5.16 89.7543 /T 82.1/ 44.7 2001 QL142 Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta APmag S-O-T /r T-O-M/Illu% 2017-Sep-01 00:00 177.12895 24.46316 0.17767137831501 23. 22.7579 /T 107.6/ 74.3 2017-Sep-02 00:00 177.59651 23.13015 0.16531146863459 23. 21.8320 /T 118.2/ 82.2 2017-Sep-03 00:00 178.10638 21.56537 0.15315951217806 23. 20.7923 /T 128.9/ 89.0 2017-Sep-04 00:00 178.66925 19.71660 0.14124174539763 23. 19.6351 /T 139.8/ 94.5 2017-Sep-05 00:00 179.29872 17.51563 0.12959503365248 24. 18.3753 /T 150.7/ 98.2 2017-Sep-06 00:00 180.01240 14.87274 0.11827132011655 24. 17.0707 /T 161.6/ 99.9 2017-Sep-07 00:00 180.83359 11.66950 0.10734422541006 25. 15.8761 /T 171.1/ 99.4 2017-Sep-08 00:00 181.79385 7.75043 0.09691878859518 25. 15.1396 /T 170.8/ 96.5 2017-Sep-09 00:00 182.93702 2.91601 0.08714545632864 25. 15.4966 /T 161.1/ 91.4 2017-Sep-10 00:00 184.32589 -3.07543 0.07823870319219 23. 17.7414 /T 150.2/ 84.1 2017-Sep-11 00:00 186.05344 -10.47813 0.07049723367801 22. 22.4019 /T 139.3/ 74.9 2017-Sep-12 00:00 188.26315 -19.46815 0.06431304984853 20. 29.5344 /T 129.1/ 64.5 2017-Sep-13 00:00 191.18691 -29.96429 0.06013960238332 18. 38.8195 /T 120.1/ 53.2 2017-Sep-14 00:00 195.22034 -41.42362 0.05838333485653 17. 49.5497 /T 113.0/ 41.7 2017-Sep-15 00:00 201.07831 -52.83147 0.05923689937854 16.19 60.6617 /T 108.2/ 30.7 2017-Sep-16 00:00 210.11169 -63.01779 0.06257498511846 15.66 71.0755 /T 105.7/ 20.7 2017-Sep-17 00:00 224.77564 -70.98256 0.06801814180883 15.39 80.1024 /T 104.8/ 12.3 2017-Sep-18 00:00 247.84889 -75.87530 0.07509882059787 15.29 87.5451 /T 104.4/ 5.9 2017-Sep-19 00:00 275.96819 -77.23013 0.08339252591869 15.29 93.5255 /T 103.6/ 1.8 2017-Sep-20 00:00 298.63953 -75.97597 0.09256757133357 15.35 98.2862 /T 102.1/ 0.1 2017-Sep-21 00:00 312.97432 -73.69000 0.10238279646062 15.45 102.0758 /T 99.4/ 0.8 2017-Sep-22 00:00 321.82381 -71.25246 0.11266786107277 15.56 105.1057 /T 95.7/ 3.6 2017-Sep-23 00:00 327.58526 -68.96913 0.12330313487827 15.69 107.5422 /T 91.1/ 8.3 2017-Sep-24 00:00 331.56906 -66.91658 0.13420408329056 15.81 109.5130 /T 85.7/ 14.6 2017-Sep-25 00:00 334.46926 -65.09433 0.14531026606290 15.94 111.1146 /T 79.8/ 22.1 2017-Sep-26 00:00 336.67076 -63.47874 0.15657786287502 16.07 112.4203 /T 73.7/ 30.6 2017-Sep-27 00:00 338.39954 -62.04154 0.16797464294293 16.19 113.4861 /T 67.5/ 39.6 2017-Sep-28 00:00 339.79551 -60.75609 0.17947656755275 16.31 114.3553 /T 61.4/ 49.0 2017-Sep-29 00:00 340.94938 -59.59915 0.19106547294100 16.43 115.0616 /T 55.7/ 58.5 2017-Sep-30 00:00 341.92228 -58.55109 0.20272747025912 16.55 115.6314 /T 50.7/ 67.7
Setups
Florence is expected to have a bandwidth of about 180 Hz. Due to the large bandwidth, we'll begin with a CW setup using somewhat coarse frequency resolution. CW setup: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TX polarization RCP RCV polarization LCP & RCP Frequency hops: no hopping Bandwidth: 5000 Hz TXoffset +500 Hz Sampling interval: 2000 x 0.1 usec FFT for PFS files: 1000 for 5.0 Hz resolution Ranging setups: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10-usec baud 10 usec code 127 PRP 1270 usec FFT 64 ncoh 1 bandwidth 787 Hz resolution 12.3 Hz TXOFF +100 Hz (echo in column 32 + 8 = 40) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-usec baud 11 usec code 127 PRP 1397 usec FFT 64 ncoh 1 bandwidth 716 Hz resolution 11.2 Hz TXOFF +100 Hz (echo in column 32 + 9 = 41) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-usec baud 1 usec code 255 FFT 512 ncoh 16 bandwidth 245 Hz resolution 0.48 Hz TXOFF +50 Hz ---------------------------------------------------------------------
Instructions
NOTE: Data should be moved to the appropriate subdirectories in aardvark:/export/data0/florence/raw/
POINTING:
OSOD and predicts will be on aardvark: ...not available yet... POINTING TX Offsets Date (UTC) DOY hhmmss RA Dec Macro LHA Dec RTT OSOD ... not available yet... Transmit offsets are given in millidegrees.
PRDX.OUT.14f-14-14.?? TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14 RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA EL
GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG
============================================================================== Receive TX Setup hops dwell code ncoh FFT runs start -stop OSOD offset Poln Notes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412 Mail Stop 183-601 | FAX: (818) 393-4445 Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance.benner@jpl.nasa.gov California Institute of Technology | Plan: To live long and prosper Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/Florence/Florence_planning.html
Asteroid Radar Astronomy