Goldstone Radar Observations Planning: (501647) 2014 SD224


Background


2014 SD224 was discovered on 2014 September 22 by Pan-STARRS 1.
This asteroid has an absolute magnitude of 22.2, which suggests a diameter of 
roughly 120 meters, but otherwise nothing is known about its physical properties. 

This asteroid will approach within 0.020 au on 2020 December 25 and we 
are expecting SNRs at Goldstone that might be strong enough for
delay-Doppler imaging.  

Observations at Goldstone are scheduled on December 23, 26, and 28. 
Observations will not be possible at Arecibo.

The 2020 Earth flyby is the closest by this asteroid until 2078.


Orbital and Physical Characteristics  
Name                     2014 SD224
Asteroid number          501647
Discoverer               Pan-STARRS 1
Discovery date           2014 September 22

Close approach distance  0.0202 au  (7.9 lunar distances)
Close approach date      2020 Dec 25

Orbit type               Aten
semimajor axis           0.978 au                 
eccentricity             0.331
inclination              4.5 deg                 
Orbital period           0.9665 years              
perihelion distance      0.654 au                 
aphelion distance        1.302 au
MOID                     0.0693 au

absolute magnitude (H)   22.3
diameter                ~0.12 km                 
optical albedo           unknown                  
rotation period          unknown
lightcurve amplitude     unknown
pole direction           unknown                  
spectral class           unknown                  
PHA?                     No

Last update: 2021 January 13


Goldstone Radar Images of Near-Earth Asteroid (501647) 2014 SD224


  Delay-Doppler radar images of 2014 SD224 obtained on December 26, 2020.  The resolution is 
  7.5 m x 0.08 Hz except in the last two panels on the top row, where the range resolution
  is 3.75 m.  Range increases down and Doppler frequency increases to the right, so rotation
  is counter clockwise.  Radar illumination is from the top.


Discovery M.P.E.C.


2014 SD224
https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K14/K14S92.html


SNR Calculations

Goldstone SNRs

2014 SD224:  D = 0.12 km,  P = 0.5 h,  OC albedo = 0.1, Ptx = 450 kW

w   DOY          start date    window      RA, dec   dist  runs  SNR/day SNR/run
51  354-355  2020 Dec 19-20  23:44-15:29   84, +64  0.038   769     34       1
51  355-356  2020 Dec 20-21  22:39-15:25   75, +68  0.033   944     59       2
52  356-357  2020 Dec 21-22  20:56-15:07   59, +72  0.029  1208    100       3
52  357-358  2020 Dec 22-23  18:17-12:58   31, +74  0.025  1523    180       5  Scheduled Dec. 23 0630-1210 
52  358-359  2020 Dec 23-24  16:21-09:21  357, +71  0.023  1481    280       8
52  359-360  2020 Dec 24-25  16:07-06:43  334, +61  0.021  1333    370      11  
52  360-361  2020 Dec 25-26  16:12-05:02  320, +48  0.020  1182    380      12  
52  361-362  2020 Dec 26-27  16:21-03:52  313, +33  0.021  1003    300      10  Scheduled Dec. 26 1625-2105 
52  362-363  2020 Dec 27-28  16:32-03:00  308, +21  0.023   817    190       7  Scheduled Dec. 28 0140-0300 
53  363-364  2020 Dec 28-29  16:43-02:19  305, +10  0.027   654    110       4
53  364-365  2020 Dec 29-30  16:52-01:45  302,  +3  0.031   524     58       3
53  365-366  2020 Dec 30-31  17:00-01:17  301,  -3  0.035   424     31       2

Horizons were adjusted up to 35 deg on dates when the asteroid is circumpolar 
to make the asteroid appear to set.

The rotation period of 0.5 hours above is a guess based on the absolute magnitude,
which is a rough threshold between objects that rotate with periods > 2.1 h and
those that rotate more rapidly. 
Many objects with H ~ 22 rotate more slowly than 0.5 hours, so all else being equal,
the SNRs above could be conservative.


ARECIBO SNRs

2014 SD224:  D = 0.12 km,  P = 0.5 h,  OC albedo = 0.1

 start date    window        RA, dec   dist   runs  SNR/day  SNR/run
2020 Dec 26  18:18-19:46    313, +35  0.021    135    2200     210
2020 Dec 27  17:14-19:56    308, +22  0.023    224    2500     180
2020 Dec 28  17:00-19:32    305, +12  0.026    177    1400     110
2020 Dec 29  17:09-18:55    303,  +4  0.030    107     630      69

Arecibo SNRs assume Ptx = 900 kW, Tsys = 25 K, D = 0.12 km, and gain = 10 K/Jy.

 >> Observations at Arecibo will not be possible <<


Track Assignments


DOY  BOA   BOT   EOT   EOA
357        0300  0800        DSS-13 DSSR Ursids Meteor Stream  DSS-13 transmit 7190 MHz
357        0300  0800        DSS-25 DSSR Ursids Meteor Stream  DSS-28 receive  7190 MHz
358  0500  0630  1210  1240  DSS-14 GSSR AST 2014 SD224
361  1455  1625  2105  2135  DSS-14 GSSR AST 2014 SD224
363  0010  0140  0300  0330  DSS-14 GSSR AST 2014 SD224


Goldstone tracks:
     UT                 UT         PST                  Duration Round-trip     
DOY  Date               TX Window  TX Window            hh:mm    time (sec) SNR/RTT Observer
357  Dec 22  Ursids     0300-0800  1900-0000 Dec 21      5:00                        MB
358  Dec 23  2014 SD224 0630-1210  2230-0410 Dec 22-23   5:40       25         5     SN      Start during precal?
361  Dec 26  2014 SD224 1625-2105  0825-1305 Dec 26      4:40       21        10     MB
363  Dec 28  2014 SD224 0140-0300  1740-1900 Dec 27      1:20       23         7     LB      Start during precal?

High elevations will not be a problem during the Goldstone tracks.


Arecibo tracks:
UT                      UT          PST                Round-trip  
Date                    TX Window   TX Window          time (sec)  

 >> Observations at Arecibo will not be possible <<



Uncertainties

2014 SD224
JPL/Horizons solution 49, # obs: 163 (2014-2020)
2020 Dec 17
 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(a-appar)_DEC.            delta POS_3sigma  DOP_S_3sig  DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig
 2020-Dec-20 00:00 *m   86.33716  63.22787 0.03933321492645      1.746        0.37        1.33       0.000320
 2020-Dec-21 00:00 *m   78.45779  66.95667 0.03448207301194      2.038        0.39        1.40       0.000328
 2020-Dec-22 00:00 *m   64.08895  70.98920 0.02997890937938      2.434        0.51        1.86       0.000332
 2020-Dec-23 00:00 *m   36.76488  73.73945 0.02599447145704      2.981        0.87        3.17       0.000326 *
 2020-Dec-24 00:00 *m  359.52593  71.07944 0.02279335290468      3.709        1.55        5.62       0.000303
 2020-Dec-25 00:00 *m  333.43811  61.16116 0.02073525066381      4.518        2.45        8.89       0.000259
 2020-Dec-26 00:00 *m  319.76741  47.02901 0.02017056947642      5.077        3.13       11.37       0.000203 *
 2020-Dec-27 00:00 *m  312.18242  32.32258 0.02122022435819      5.072        3.16       11.47       0.000174
 2020-Dec-28 00:00 *m  307.50151  19.55686 0.02367509514804      4.601        2.68        9.76       0.000198 *
 2020-Dec-29 00:00 *m  304.35401   9.52453 0.02716399635773      3.975        2.12        7.70       0.000246
 2020-Dec-30 00:00 *   302.09759   1.92750 0.03135269597227      3.388        1.66        6.05       0.000294
 2020-Dec-31 00:00 *   300.39998  -3.81664 0.03600834125841      2.902        1.34        4.88       0.000336

- - - - - - - - - - 

JPL/Horizons solution 43, # obs: 136 (2014-2019) 
2020 Oct 26

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(a-appar)_DEC.            delta POS_3sigma  DOP_S_3sig  DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig
 2020-Dec-20 00:00 *m   86.33656  63.22772 0.03933339738626      8.317        1.57        5.70       0.001336
 2020-Dec-21 00:00 *m   78.45711  66.95643 0.03448226382237      9.566        1.26        4.57       0.001393
 2020-Dec-22 00:00 *m   64.08836  70.98884 0.02997910628108     11.208        0.73        2.64       0.001433
 2020-Dec-23 00:00 *m   36.76509  73.73896 0.02599466934664     13.444        1.48        5.37       0.001433 *
 2020-Dec-24 00:00 *m  359.52742  71.07908 0.02279354155500     16.467        4.27       15.53       0.001357
 2020-Dec-25 00:00 *m  333.43963  61.16112 0.02073541307053     20.028        8.38       30.45       0.001157
 2020-Dec-26 00:00 *m  319.76861  47.02924 0.02017068565708     22.808       11.99       43.58       0.000818 *
 2020-Dec-27 00:00 *m  312.18335  32.32294 0.02122028204819     23.268       12.91       46.93       0.000415
 2020-Dec-28 00:00 *m  307.50227  19.55724 0.02367509541135     21.550       11.43       41.54       0.000231 *
 2020-Dec-29 00:00 *m  304.35464   9.52487 0.02716394797346     18.935        9.26       33.64       0.000481
 2020-Dec-30 00:00 *   302.09813   1.92779 0.03135260852910     16.355        7.38       26.82       0.000747
 2020-Dec-31 00:00 *   300.40046  -3.81639 0.03600822239751     14.146        6.00       21.80       0.000970


Apparent Magnitudes, Solar Elongations, Lunar Elongations, and Lunar Illumination: Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta APmag S-brt S-O-T /r T-O-M/MN_Illu% 2020-Dec-01 00:00 103.79316 41.88015 0.15062706447742 19.767 n.a. 143.6835 /L 31.1/ 99.6593 2020-Dec-02 00:00 103.80472 42.25969 0.14428215225106 19.652 n.a. 144.3690 /L 22.3/ 97.5846 2020-Dec-03 00:00 103.79087 42.66560 0.13798335510656 19.534 n.a. 145.0377 /L 17.9/ 93.6156 2020-Dec-04 00:00 103.74880 43.10126 0.13173070967945 19.412 n.a. 145.6857 /L 21.1/ 87.8209 2020-Dec-05 00:00 103.67515 43.57066 0.12552435214857 19.286 n.a. 146.3081 /L 29.9/ 80.3429 2020-Dec-06 00:00 103.56577 44.07854 0.11936455213362 19.156 n.a. 146.8989 /L 41.0/ 71.4001 2020-Dec-07 00:00 103.41556 44.63056 0.11325175354567 19.022 n.a. 147.4508 /L 53.1/ 61.2929 2020-Dec-08 00:00 103.21818 45.23354 0.10718662506638 18.884 n.a. 147.9546 /L 65.8/ 50.4100 2020-Dec-09 00:00 102.96560 45.89577 0.10117012380284 18.741 n.a. 148.3992 /L 79.0/ 39.2368 2020-Dec-10 00:00 102.64751 46.62740 0.09520357710820 18.594 n.a. 148.7703 /L 92.5/ 28.3544 2020-Dec-11 00:00 102.25051 47.44099 0.08928879055028 18.441 n.a. 149.0500 /L 106.1/ 18.4194 2020-Dec-12 00:00 101.75672 48.35226 0.08342819614938 18.283 n.a. 149.2156 /L 119.6/ 10.1109 2020-Dec-13 00:00 101.14180 49.38107 0.07762506633618 18.119 n.a. 149.2381 /L 132.4/ 4.0429 2020-Dec-14 00:00 100.37158 50.55279 0.07188383761946 17.950 n.a. 149.0802 /L 143.6/ 0.6595 2020-Dec-15 00:00 99.39654 51.90015 0.06621061576641 17.776 n.a. 148.6934 /L 150.8/ 0.1504 2020-Dec-16 00:00 98.14205 53.46577 0.06061397577613 17.596 n.a. 148.0139 /L 151.1/ 2.4236 2020-Dec-17 00:00 96.49032 55.30524 0.05510623728492 17.411 n.a. 146.9572 /L 144.6/ 7.1476 2020-Dec-18 00:00 94.24477 57.49052 0.04970551673777 17.222 n.a. 145.4086 /L 134.2/ 13.8415 2020-Dec-19 00:00 91.05396 60.11093 0.04443908216283 17.032 n.a. 143.2100 /L 122.4/ 21.9735 2020-Dec-20 00:00 86.23393 63.26239 0.03934894490540 16.844 n.a. 140.1398 /T 109.9/ 31.0367 2020-Dec-21 00:00 78.31465 66.98646 0.03450130809465 16.666 n.a. 135.8827 /T 97.4/ 40.5890 2020-Dec-22 00:00 63.88427 71.00405 0.03000237596940 16.517 n.a. 129.9952 /T 85.2/ 50.2617 2020-Dec-23 00:00 36.52451 73.71914 0.02602291268821 16.428 n.a. 121.8930 /T 74.5/ 59.7476 * 2020-Dec-24 00:00 359.42042 71.02330 0.02282716103734 16.461 n.a. 110.9649 /T 67.4/ 68.7819 2020-Dec-25 00:00 333.45208 61.10994 0.02077370169647 16.716 n.a. 97.0260 /T 67.7/ 77.1206 NEOWISE...? 2020-Dec-26 00:00 319.81390 47.00820 0.02021119134766 17.304 n.a. 81.0955 /T 77.2/ 84.5247 * 2020-Dec-27 00:00 312.23341 32.33417 0.02125965781237 18.264 n.a. 65.4337 /T 93.1/ 90.7513 2020-Dec-28 00:00 307.55018 19.58947 0.02371097419471 20. n.a. 52.0326 /T 111.0/ 95.5543 * 2020-Dec-29 00:00 304.39896 9.56620 0.02719555273684 21. n.a. 41.4860 /T 128.4/ 98.6948 2020-Dec-30 00:00 302.13884 1.97100 0.03138012486965 22. n.a. 33.4148 /T 144.3/ 99.9604 2020-Dec-31 00:00 300.43792 -3.77468 0.03603216060877 24. n.a. 27.2005 /T 157.6/ 99.1908

Setups



CW setup:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TX polarization           RCP
RCV polarization          LCP & RCP
Frequency hops:           no hopping
Bandwidth:               5000 Hz 
TXoffset                 +500 Hz
FFT                      5000 for 1 Hz resolution 

Ranging setups:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
10-usec
baud             10 usec
code            127
PRP            1270 usec
ncoh              1 
bandwidth       787 Hz   
FFT             128
resolution       6.15 Hz
TXoffset       +100 Hz  (echo in column 80)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
11-usec 
baud             11 usec
code            127
PRP            1397 usec
ncoh              1 
bandwidth       716 Hz   
FFT             128
resolution      5.6 Hz
TXoffset     +100 Hz  (echo in column 82) 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1-usec 
baud              1 usec
code            511
ncoh              4
bandwidth       489.2 Hz   
FFT             128
resolution        3.8 Hz
TXoffset       +100 Hz  (echo in column 91)
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Instructions

NOTE: Data should be moved to the appropriate subdirectories in aardvark:/export/data0/2014SD224/raw/

POINTING:

  OSOD and predicts will be on aardvark:

/export/data3/osod/ops/a501647/EPH.OUT.s???
/export/data3/osod/ops/a501647/PRDX.OUT.14f-14-14.s???
/export/data3/osod/ops/a501647/PRDX.OUT.14v-14-14.s???
/export/data3/osod/ops/a501647/PUNCH.OUT.14f-14-14.s???
/export/data3/osod/ops/a501647/PUNCH.OUT.14v-14-14.s???


POINTING MACRO 
                                                   TX Offsets    
Date (UTC)  DOY hhmmss  RA        Dec    Macro    LHA      Dec      RTT  OSOD

...Not available yet...

Transmit offsets are given in millidegrees.  



PRDX.OUT.14f-14-14.?? TARGET IS A#0000 ET-UT(FIRST POINT) = 69.182398682 ET-UT1(FIRST POINT) = 69.357566315 TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14 RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER AZI DEC RA EL D-DOP D-RANGE ...Not available yet...

(501647) 2014 SD224 GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG

============================================================================== Receive TX Setup code ncoh FFT runs start -stop OSOD offset Notes
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412 Mail Stop 183-601 | FAX: (818) 393-4445 Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance.benner@jpl.nasa.gov California Institute of Technology | Plan: To live long and prosper Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 https://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2014SD224/2014sd224.2020.goldstone.planning.html

Asteroid Radar Astronomy
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