2000 PN9 Planning
23187 2000 PN9 was discovered by LINEAR on August 8, 2000. It will make a very close approach within 0.020 AU (only 7.8 lunar distances) on March 6. We have five Goldstone tracks on dates that straddle the closest approach. Michael Busch (a graduate student at Caltech) is the PI for these observations. We observed 2000 PN9 at Goldstone and Arecibo in March, 2001, when the asteroid approached within 0.061 AU. This year the approach will be nearly three times closer, so the echoes will be considerably stronger. Radar and optical observations in 2001 revealed that 2000 PN9 is a lumpy spheroid with a diameter of about 1.7 km and a rotation period of 2.5 hours. The combined 2001 + 2006 radar and lightcurve datasets will be used to estimate the asteroid's 3-D shape and spin state. Goldstone observations are scheduled on March 4, 7, 9, 10, and 12 and Arecibo observations are scheduled on March 5. 2000 PN9 will be an extremely strong radar target during the first two Goldstone tracks but much weaker on the other three as the asteroid rapidly recedes from Earth. Due to the proxmity of its orbit to Earth and its diameter, 2000 PN9 has been classified as a "Potentially Hazardous Asteroid" by the Minor Planet Center.
Orbital and Physical Characteristics orbit type Apollo semimajor axis 1.845 AU eccentricity 0.590 inclination 51.3° perihelion distance 0.766 AU aphelion distance 2.933 AU absolute magnitude (H) 15.90 diameter ~1.7 km rotation period 2.5325 h (Pravec et al.) pole direction unknown, but constrained to within +/-10 deg of (lambda,beta) = (153, -6) or (327, -3) lightcurve amplitude 0.15 (Pravec et al.) spectral class unknown Last updated: 2006 March 9
M.P.E.C. 2000-P48 Issued 2000 Aug. 12, 19:53 UT The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets and routine data on comets. They are published on behalf of Commission 20 of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. Prepared using the Tamkin Foundation Computer Network MPC@CFA.HARVARD.EDU URL http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/mpc.html ISSN 1523-6714 2000 PN9 Observations: K00P09N* C2000 08 08.31244 22 39 09.61 +19 54 59.7 18.6 704 ... K00P09N C2000 08 11.94185 22 34 38.90 +18 51 08.3 18.1 R 163 Observer details: 046 Klet. Observers Z. Moravec, P. Jelinek. 0.57-m f/5.2 reflector + CCD. 104 San Marcello Pistoiese. Observers L. Tesi, A. Boattini, M. Tombelli. Measurers G. Forti, L. Tesi, A. Boattini, M. Tombelli. 0.40-m f/5 reflector + CCD. 118 Modra. Observers S. Gajdos, J. Toth. 0.6-m f/5.5 reflector + CCD. 151 Eschenberg Observatory, Winterthur. Observer M. Griesser. 0.25-m f/8.0 reflector + CCD. 163 Roeser Observatory, Luxembourg. Observer M. Dawson. 0.457-m f/4.5 reflector + CCD. 422 Loomberah. Observer G. J. Garradd. 0.45-m f/5.4 reflector + CCD. 557 Ondrejov. Observer L. Sarounova. 0.65-m f/3.6 reflector + CCD. 611 Starkenburg. Observers S. Kluegl, M. Busch, R. Stoss. 0.45-m f/4.4 reflector + CCD. 704 Lincoln Laboratory ETS, New Mexico. Observers M. Blythe, F. Shelly, M. Bezpalko, M. Elowitz, R. Huber, L. Manguso. Measurers J. Stuart, R. Sayer, J. B. Evans, H. Viggh. 1.0-m f/2.15 reflector + CCD. 734 Farpoint Observatory. Observer G. Hug. 0.30-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD. Orbital elements: 2000 PN9 PHA 0.037A Epoch 2000 Aug. 4.0 TT = JDT 2451760.5 Hergenrother M 291.14100 (2000.0) P Q n 0.40912452 Peri. 294.45092 -0.24575907 -0.94772518 a 1.7970729 Node 164.67725 +0.89302940 -0.13971729 e 0.5795822 Incl. 50.36769 -0.37696281 +0.28687289 P 2.41 H 16.2 G 0.15 >From 57 observations 2000 Aug. 8-11. Ephemeris: 2000 PN9 a,e,i = 1.80, 0.58, 50 q = 0.7555 Date TT R. A. (2000) Decl. Delta r Elong. Phase V 2000 08 04 22 43.74 +20 55.8 1.162 2.003 133.8 21.4 19.1 ... 2001 02 20 21 01.07 -64 13.5 0.203 0.887 54.8 114.5 16.9 2001 03 02 18 23.97 -17 38.3 0.066 0.966 65.9 110.6 14.4 2001 03 12 15 28.57 +61 35.5 0.163 1.053 106.8 64.6 14.7 ... Carl W. Hergenrother (C) Copyright 2000 MPC M.P.E.C. 2000-P48
Target Name: 23187 2000 PN9 HMag: 15.9 Diameter: 1.7 km Period: 2.5325 h ------------GOLDSTONE---------- -------------ARECIBO----------- Max Max Dat Run UTC Dat Run UTC Date RA Decl Delta Runs SNR SNR Window Runs SNR SNR Window 2006 3 4 8 -42 0.044 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 2006 3 5 12 -26 0.030 285 4000 260 19:23-24:06 0 0 0 - 2006 3 6 18 11 0.021 644 27000 1200 17:18-27:00 161 280000 24000 17:30-20:00 2006 3 7 29 55 0.025 700 14000 570 15:41-29:53 0 0 0 - 2006 3 8 52 76 0.039 700 3000 130 0:00-24:00 0 0 0 - 2006 3 9 97 81 0.055 678 860 36 0:00-24:00 0 0 0 - 2006 3 10 131 81 0.072 535 290 14 0:00-24:00 0 0 0 - 2006 3 11 147 79 0.089 440 120 7 0:00-24:00 0 0 0 - 2006 3 12 154 77 0.107 373 60 4 0:00-24:00 0 0 0 - 2006 3 13 159 76 0.125 264 30 2 0:00-24:00 0 0 0 - 2006 3 14 162 75 0.142 238 18 1 0:00-24:00 0 0 0 - Arecibo SNRs have been adjusted to reflect current transmitter power of about 500 kW. If both klystrons are available in March, Arecibo SNRs will nearly double. 2000 PN9 moves so fast near closest approach it goes through Arecibo's declination window in less than two hours on one day. The actual Arecibo window is on March 5, not March 6 as is shown above.
2000 PN9 Goldstone tracks UT UT PST AST Duration Delta DOY Date TX Window TX Window TX Window (hh:mm) Rotations (seconds) --- ---- --------- --------- --------- ------- --------- --------- 063-064 Mar 04-05 2125-0050 1325-1650 1725-2050 3:25 1.35 30 066 Mar 07 1630-2155 0830-1355 1230-1755 5:25 2.14 35 068 Mar 09 0930-1530 0130-0730 0530-1130 6:00 2.37 63 069 Mar 10 1200-1600 0400-0800 0800-1200 4:00 1.58 82 071 Mar 12 1330-1730 0530-0930 0930-1330 4:00 1.58 118 Arecibo track 064 Mar 05 1814-1923 1014-1123 1414-1523 1:09 0.45 22 Note the enormous differences in the RTT among the tracks: more than a factor of five. The tracks on March 4, 5, and 7 are by far the best; the SNR will be MUCH lower on the other days.
From Jon Giorgini: 2006 February 28 With 415 optical measurements (1990-Aug-02 to 2005-Oct-05), 3 delay and 2 Doppler from 2001, 23187 (2000 PN9) solution #78 formal 3-sigma S/X band uncertainties are tabulated below: Date__(UT)__HR:MN POS_3sigma DOP_S-sig DOP_X-sig RT_delay-sig 2006-Mar-04 00:00 10.1235948 1.11 3.95 0.002922 2006-Mar-05 00:00 14.5925920 1.22 4.35 0.002962 2006-Mar-06 00:00 28.3680253 1.18 4.23 0.002232 2006-Mar-07 00:00 29.3912632 0.74 2.64 0.000240 2006-Mar-08 00:00 18.4259374 0.60 2.16 0.000898 2006-Mar-09 00:00 12.3413196 0.63 2.25 0.001341 2006-Mar-10 00:00 9.07190572 0.66 2.37 0.001550 2006-Mar-11 00:00 7.11134840 0.69 2.46 0.001663 2006-Mar-12 00:00 5.82379737 0.71 2.53 0.001728 2006-Mar-13 00:00 4.91953352 0.72 2.58 0.001767
Plans for the March 10 track --------------------------- We will start with solution 84. On March 10 our objectives are to get a full rotation of CW data (2 hours and 40 minutes) and then we'll update the orbit with 10 usec and 1 usec ranging (3-sigma range uncertainties during the track are about 40 usec). If time permits, we'll finish with 0.5 usec imaging. We are not going to do any more chirp tests with this asteroid. CW setup -------- TX polarization RCP RCV polarization LCP Frequencies: 2 Dwell: 20 seconds Bandwidth: 4000 Hz Sampling interval: 2500 x 0.1 usec VME FFT for PSD files: 2048 for 1.95-Hz resolution Possible ranging setups: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 127 x 64 10-usec single sample baud 10 usec code 127 gates 127 FFT 64 CLT 2 (VME) ncoh 1 bandwidth 787.4 Hz resolution 12.30 Hz TXOFF +100 Hz -> echo will be centered at +8.1 bins or in bin 32 + 8.1 = 40 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 127 x 64 11-usec single sample, 11.2-Hz resolution. baud 11 usec code 127 gates 127 PRP 1397 FFT 64 CLT 2 (VME) ncoh 1 bandwidth 715.8 Hz resolution 11.18 Hz TXOFF +100 Hz --> echo will be centered at +8.9 bins or in bin 32 + 8.9 = 41 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 127 x 64 7-usec single sample ------------------------------ baud 7 usec code 127 gates 127 PRP 889 FFT 64 CLT ?? ncoh 1 bandwidth 1124.9 Hz resolution 17.6 Hz TXOFF +60 -> echo would be centered at +3.4 bins w/perfect ephemeris ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 127 x 64 1-usec single sample ------------------------------ baud 1 usec code 127 gates 127 PRP 127 FFT 64 CLT 4 ncoh 15 bandwidth 525 Hz resolution 8.2 Hz TXOFF +100 -> echo would be centered at +12.2 bins or in bin 32 + 12.2 = 44 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.125-usec ranging (left over from the 1992 UY4 observations in August, 2005) ------------------ setup JX1XS001 revised baud 0.125 usec code 127 gates 127 FFT 64 ncoh 984 bandwidth 64.016384 Hz resolution 1.000256 Hz TXOFF We used 10 Hz, placing COM in cell 32+10=42 Henceforth use 15 Hz, to put COM in 32+15=47 incoh sums 4 looks=> 8 sec/record => expect records per run ~ RTT/8 PFS CLT gate 21 _____________________________________________________________________ POSSIBLE RANGING SETUPS: (code=127, FFT=64, single-pol'n) These are from JX, w/ max-band (min-acc) options from Ray Jurgens. Currently configured for 5-sec records. _______________________________________________________________________ Setup Baud RP 1-acc 1-acc usec m usec band res acc band res _______________________________________________________________________ JX1XS110 11.000 1650 1397.0 715.8 11.2 2 358 5.6 JX1XS070 7.000 1050 889.0 1124.9 17.6 3 375 5.9 JX1XS020 2.000 300 254.0 3937.0 61.5 12 328 5.1 4 984 15.4 JX1XS010 1.000 150 127.0 7874.0 123.0 41 192 3.0 8 984 15.4 JX1XS005 0.500 75 63.5 15748.0 246.1 123 128 2.0 15 1050 16.4 JX1XS002 0.250 37.5 31.75 31496.1 492.1 492 64 1.0 30 1050 16.4 JX1XS001 0.125 18.75 15.875 62992.1 984.3 1970 32 0.5 60 1050 16.4 ____________________________________________________________________
OSOD and predicts are at Goldstone on stealth: /export/data2/osod/ops/a23187/PRDX.OUT.Mar10.s84 /PUNCH.OUT.Mar10.s84 /EPH.OUT.s84 and have been copied to: /export/data0/rosema/2000PN9/support/ POINTING TX Offsets Date (UTC) DOY hhmmss RA Dec Macro LHA Dec RTT OSOD 2006 03 10 069 120000 139.9940 79.7370 A 80.4 82 2006 03 10 069 130000 140.6256 79.6560 A 81.1 2006 03 10 069 140000 141.2455 79.5757 A -0.0140 -0.0018 81.8 2006 03 10 069 150000 141.8533 79.4964 A 82.6 2006 03 10 069 160000 142.4481 79.4185 A 83.3 2006 03 12 071 130000 156.9024 76.6154 A 116.2 84 2006 03 12 071 140000 157.0851 76.5608 AB 117.0 2006 03 12 071 150000 157.2690 76.5071 AB -0.0061 -0.0017 117.7 2006 03 12 071 160000 157.4533 76.4545 AB -0.0060 -0.0017 118.5 2006 03 12 071 170000 157.6375 76.4031 AB 119.2 2006 03 12 071 180000 157.8205 76.3532 B 119.9
PRDX.OUT.Mar10.s84 TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14 RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA EL 2006 MAR 10 12:00 80.3769051418 -1728009.591 91.1403 79.7370 139.995 34.575 2006 MAR 10 12:10 80.4980332799 -1728178.572 93.5411 79.7234 140.101 34.151 2006 MAR 10 12:20 80.6191730016 -1728340.215 95.9421 79.7099 140.207 33.728 2006 MAR 10 12:30 80.7403237963 -1728494.503 98.3435 79.6964 140.312 33.309 2006 MAR 10 12:40 80.8614851482 -1728641.434 100.7453 79.6829 140.417 32.893 2006 MAR 10 12:50 80.9826565420 -1728781.017 103.1473 79.6695 140.522 32.481 2006 MAR 10 13:00 81.1038374632 -1728913.271 105.5497 79.6560 140.627 32.073 2006 MAR 10 13:10 81.2250273992 -1729038.230 107.9524 79.6425 140.731 31.672 2006 MAR 10 13:20 81.3462258399 -1729155.936 110.3555 79.6291 140.834 31.276 2006 MAR 10 13:30 81.4674322745 -1729266.446 112.7588 79.6157 140.938 30.886 2006 MAR 10 13:40 81.5886462097 -1729369.827 115.1625 79.6024 141.041 30.504 2006 MAR 10 13:50 81.7098671397 -1729466.159 117.5665 79.5890 141.144 30.130 2006 MAR 10 14:00 81.8310945778 -1729555.531 119.9709 79.5757 141.246 29.764 2006 MAR 10 14:10 81.9523280441 -1729638.047 122.3756 79.5624 141.349 29.407 2006 MAR 10 14:20 82.0735670531 -1729713.820 124.7806 79.5491 141.450 29.060 2006 MAR 10 14:30 82.1948111408 -1729782.974 127.1860 79.5359 141.552 28.722 2006 MAR 10 14:40 82.3160598481 -1729845.646 129.5917 79.5227 141.653 28.395 2006 MAR 10 14:50 82.4373127254 -1729901.981 131.9978 79.5095 141.754 28.079 2006 MAR 10 15:00 82.5585693343 -1729952.138 134.4042 79.4964 141.854 27.775 2006 MAR 10 15:10 82.6798292451 -1729996.284 136.8110 79.4833 141.954 27.482 2006 MAR 10 15:20 82.8010920449 -1730034.597 139.2182 79.4703 142.054 27.202 2006 MAR 10 15:30 82.9223573335 -1730067.264 141.6257 79.4573 142.153 26.935 2006 MAR 10 15:40 83.0436247199 -1730094.483 144.0336 79.4443 142.252 26.681 2006 MAR 10 15:50 83.1648938293 -1730116.460 146.4419 79.4314 142.351 26.441 2006 MAR 10 16:00 83.2861642974 -1730133.411 148.8505 79.4185 142.449 26.214
IMAGES The images below shows sums of about 20 runs that we obained on March 7. The resolution is 0.125 usec (19 meters) x 2.0 Hz. Range increases toward the top and Doppler frequency increases toward the right, so the right side is rotating toward us and vice versa.
CW SPECTRA The spectrum below is a sum of ten runs from March 4. It has not been normalized or calibrated, but it clearly has a bandwidth of about 70 Hz and is centered slightly negative of zero Hz.
GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG
============================================================================== RCV file setup runs start -stop osod OFFSET TX Poln ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ============================================================================== RADAR ASTROMETRY 2006 03 07 17:10:00 R 34.277442 20.0 8560.D6 -14 Benner, L.A.M. Correction of +185 usec to soln 78 from 10 and 11 usec ranging. 2006 03 07 19:00:00 R 35.392186 3.0 8560.D6 -14 Benner, L.A.M. Correction of +14 usec to solution 80 from 1 usec ranging. Placed COM at TE of echo, which is about 6 gates deep. ==============================================================================
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412 Mail Stop 300-233 | FAX: (818) 354-9476 Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance@reason.jpl.nasa.gov Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 | Plan: To live long and prosper http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2000PN9_2006/html/2000PN9_2006.planning.html
Asteroid Radar Astronomy