THE TABLE BELOW NEEDS TO BE UPDATED (2005 NB7, 2008 BT18 and several non-binaries are not yet included) Radar Radar H range NEAs binaries % binaries ------- ----- -------- ---------- 13.0 <= H < 14.0 3 1 33 (or 0% if we don't count Sisyphus) 14.0 <= H < 15.0 7 0 0 15.0 <= H < 16.0 13 0 0 16.0 <= H < 17.0 21 7 33 17.0 <= H < 18.0 28 2 7 18.0 <= H < 19.0 27 6 22 19.0 <= H < 20.0 26 4 15 20.0 <= H < 21.0 25 3 12 21.0 <= H < 22.0 14 1 7 H >= 22.0 35 0 0 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = DELTA-V RANKINGS ================ Delta-v rankings for _all_ NEA binaries observed by radar and photometrically. These lists do not include 2004 RZ164, a possible binary reported by Kwiatkowski et al. 2007, or 2000 PJ5, a possible binary reported by Polishook and Brosch (2008). Number of NEAs in the MPC database = 5463 RADAR BINARY = Binary observed by radar, but not necessarily discovered by radar BINARY = Binary observed photometrically but not (yet) by radar SPACECRAFT RENDEZVOUS --------------------- DELTA-V (ASTEROID)/ PROVISIONAL DELTA-V DELTA-V FOR RANK PERCENTILE ASTEROID NAME DESIGNATION (KM/S) THE MOON MARS H (mag) a (AU) e i (deg) ==== ========== ============= =========== ======= ======== ==== ======= ====== === ====== 220 95.97 (65803) Didymos 1996 GT 5.102 0.850 0.810 18.4 1.645 0.384 3.4 RADAR BINARY 540 90.12 (162000) 1990 OS 5.674 0.946 0.901 19.3 1.678 0.462 1.1 RADAR BINARY 758 86.12 (153591) 2001 SN263 5.963 0.994 0.947 16.5 1.987 0.478 6.7 RADAR BINARY 761 86.07 (185851) 2000 DP107 5.966 0.994 0.947 18.2 1.366 0.377 8.7 RADAR BINARY 839 84.64 (85938) 1999 DJ4 6.043 1.007 0.959 18.6 1.852 0.483 9.2 RADAR BINARY 1243 77.25 2007 DT103 6.354 1.059 1.009 19.2 2.208 0.574 5.4 RADAR BINARY 1257 76.99 (35107) 1991 VH 6.370 1.062 1.011 16.9 1.136 0.144 13.9 BINARY 1461 73.26 2005 NB7 6.506 1.084 1.033 18.7 2.045 0.517 12.7 RADAR BINARY 1624 70.27 (175706) 1996 FG3 6.609 1.102 1.049 18.2 1.054 0.350 2.0 BINARY 1662 69.58 2003 SS84 6.633 1.105 1.053 21.8 1.932 0.571 5.5 RADAR BINARY 1711 68.68 (31345) 1998 PG 6.663 1.110 1.058 17.3 2.015 0.391 6.5 BINARY 1727 68.39 (7088) Ishtar 1992 AA 6.681 1.114 1.060 16.7 1.980 0.391 8.3 BINARY 1826 66.58 2002 BM26 6.739 1.123 1.070 20.1 1.833 0.445 16.2 RADAR BINARY 1843 66.26 (3671) Dionysus 1984 KD 6.747 1.125 1.071 16.3 2.198 0.542 13.5 BINARY 1853 66.08 2008 BT18 6.753 1.125 1.072 18.2 2.219 0.597 8.1 RADAR BINARY 2064 62.22 2000 UG11 6.877 1.146 1.092 20.4 1.928 0.573 8.9 RADAR BINARY 2469 54.81 2004 DC 7.140 1.190 1.133 18.2 1.634 0.399 19.4 RADAR BINARY 2834 48.12 2005 AB 7.468 1.245 1.185 17.5 3.218 0.655 8.2 RADAR BINARY 2839 48.03 (1862) Apollo 1932 HA 7.471 1.245 1.186 16.2 1.470 0.560 6.4 RADAR BINARY 3123 42.83 (69230) Hermes 1937 UB 7.777 1.296 1.234 17.5 1.655 0.624 6.1 RADAR BINARY 3329 39.06 1994 XD 8.057 1.343 1.279 19.1 2.349 0.733 4.3 RADAR BINARY 3603 34.05 2002 KK8 8.486 1.414 1.347 21.0 1.953 0.465 24.5 RADAR BINARY 3679 32.66 2006 VV2 8.600 1.433 1.365 16.8 2.391 0.603 23.6 RADAR BINARY 4080 25.32 (88710) 2001 SL9 9.322 1.554 1.480 17.6 1.061 0.270 21.9 BINARY 4329 20.76 2006 GY2 9.873 1.645 1.567 18.8 1.858 0.495 30.6 RADAR BINARY 4459 18.38 1994 AW1 10.252 1.709 1.627 17.5 1.105 0.075 24.1 BINARY 4998 8.51 (1866) Sisyphus 1972 XA 12.836 2.139 2.037 13.0 1.893 0.539 41.2 RADAR BINARY 5003 8.42 1998 ST27 12.887 2.148 2.046 19.5 0.819 0.530 21.0 RADAR BINARY 5025 8.02 (137170) 1999 HF1 13.032 2.172 2.069 14.5 0.819 0.462 25.7 BINARY 5154 5.66 2002 CE26 14.081 2.347 2.235 16.8 2.234 0.559 47.3 RADAR BINARY 5330 2.43 (164121) 2003 YT1 16.470 2.745 2.614 16.2 1.110 0.292 44.1 RADAR BINARY 5402 1.12 (5381) Sekhmet 1991 JY 18.892 3.149 2.999 16.5 0.947 0.296 49.0 RADAR BINARY 5415 0.88 (66063) 1998 RO1 19.402 3.234 3.080 18.1 0.991 0.720 22.7 RADAR BINARY 5443 0.37 (66391) 1999 KW4 21.300 3.550 3.381 16.5 0.642 0.688 38.9 RADAR BINARY SPACECRAFT FLYBY ---------------- Provisional Delta-v H a e i Rank Percentile Asteroid number and name Designation (km/s) (mag) (AU) (deg) ==== ========== ======================== =========== ======= ===== ===== ===== ===== 151 97.24 (175706) 1996 FG3 4.020 18.2 1.054 0.350 2.0 BINARY 528 90.33 (35107) 1991 VH 4.498 16.9 1.136 0.144 13.9 BINARY 789 85.56 (185851) 2000 DP107 4.775 18.2 1.366 0.377 8.7 RADAR BINARY 1001 81.68 (65803) Didymos 1996 GT 5.000 18.4 1.645 0.384 3.4 RADAR BINARY 1150 78.95 (1862) Apollo 1932 HA 5.113 16.2 1.470 0.560 6.4 RADAR BINARY 1189 78.24 (162000) 1990 OS 5.144 19.3 1.678 0.462 1.1 RADAR BINARY 1519 72.19 (88710) 2001 SL9 5.400 17.6 1.061 0.270 21.9 BINARY 1630 70.16 (69230) Hermes 1937 UB 5.481 17.5 1.655 0.624 6.1 RADAR BINARY 1704 68.81 1994 AW1 5.526 17.5 1.105 0.075 24.1 BINARY 1832 66.47 (31345) 1998 PG 5.598 17.3 2.015 0.391 6.5 BINARY 1904 65.15 (7088) Ishtar 1992 AA 5.642 16.7 1.980 0.391 8.3 BINARY 1981 63.74 (85938) 1999 DJ4 5.686 18.6 1.852 0.483 9.2 RADAR BINARY 2039 62.68 (153591) 2001 SN263 5.719 16.5 1.987 0.478 6.7 RADAR BINARY 2097 61.61 2003 SS84 5.751 21.8 1.932 0.571 5.5 RADAR BINARY 2448 55.19 2000 UG11 5.906 20.4 1.928 0.573 8.9 RADAR BINARY 2810 48.56 2007 DT103 6.067 19.2 2.208 0.574 5.4 RADAR BINARY 2991 45.25 2004 DC 6.153 18.2 1.634 0.399 19.4 RADAR BINARY 2994 45.19 2002 BM26 6.155 20.1 1.833 0.445 16.2 RADAR BINARY 3113 43.02 2005 NB7 6.218 18.7 2.045 0.517 12.7 RADAR BINARY 3132 42.67 2008 BT18 6.228 18.2 2.219 0.597 8.1 RADAR BINARY 3447 36.90 1994 XD 6.391 19.1 2.349 0.733 4.3 RADAR BINARY 3597 34.16 (3671) Dionysus 1984 KD 6.489 16.3 2.198 0.542 13.5 BINARY 4105 24.86 (137170) 1999 HF1 6.886 14.5 0.819 0.462 25.7 BINARY 4258 22.06 2005 AB 7.099 17.5 3.218 0.655 8.2 RADAR BINARY 4317 20.98 1998 ST27 7.171 19.5 0.819 0.530 21.0 RADAR BINARY 4427 18.96 2002 KK8 7.331 21.0 1.953 0.465 24.5 RADAR BINARY 4680 14.33 2006 VV2 7.871 16.8 2.391 0.603 23.6 RADAR BINARY 4685 14.24 (66391) 1999 KW4 7.877 16.5 0.642 0.688 38.9 RADAR BINARY 4825 11.68 2006 GY2 8.184 18.8 1.858 0.495 30.6 RADAR BINARY 5092 6.79 (164121) 2003 YT1 9.168 16.2 1.110 0.292 44.1 RADAR BINARY 5244 4.01 (1866) Sisyphus 1972 XA 10.188 13.0 1.893 0.539 41.2 RADAR BINARY 5304 2.91 (5381) Sekhmet 1991 JY 10.775 16.5 0.947 0.296 49.0 RADAR BINARY 5355 1.98 2002 CE26 11.804 16.8 2.234 0.559 47.3 RADAR BINARY 5461 0.04 (66063) 1998 RO1 18.576 18.1 0.991 0.720 22.7 RADAR BINARY = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = TISSERAND PARAMETER RANKINGS FOR BINARIES Tisserand Parameter is computed from T = aj/a + 2.0*cos(i)*sqrt((a/aj)*(1.0 - e*e)) where aj is the semimajor axis of Jupiter, a is the semimajor axis of an asteroid, i is the asteroid's inclination, and e is the asteroid's eccentricity. In general, most Jupiter-family (short period) comets have T < 3.0 and ~90% of numbered asteroids with a < 3.3 AU have T > 3. PROVISIONAL TISSERAND RANK PERCENTILE ASTEROID NAME DESIGNATION PARAMETER H (mag) a (AU) e i (deg) Q (AU) q (AU) ==== ========== ============= =========== ========= ======= ====== = ======= ====== ====== 128 97.66 2005 AB 2.793 17.5 3.218 0.655 8.2 5.326 1.110 RADAR BINARY 516 90.55 2002 CE26 3.066 16.8 2.234 0.559 47.3 3.483 0.985 RADAR BINARY 667 87.79 1994 XD 3.126 19.1 2.349 0.733 4.3 4.071 0.627 RADAR BINARY 774 85.83 2006 VV2 3.167 16.8 2.391 0.603 23.6 3.833 0.949 RADAR BINARY 1366 75.00 2008 BT18 3.382 18.2 2.219 0.597 8.1 3.544 0.894 RADAR BINARY 1497 72.60 2007 DT103 3.418 19.2 2.208 0.574 5.4 3.475 0.941 RADAR BINARY 1526 72.07 (3671) Dionysus 1984 KD 3.429 16.3 2.198 0.542 13.5 3.389 1.007 BINARY 1758 67.82 (1866) Sisyphus 1972 XA 3.513 13.0 1.893 0.539 41.2 2.913 0.873 RADAR BINARY 2022 62.99 2005 NB7 3.591 18.7 2.045 0.517 12.7 3.102 0.988 RADAR BINARY 2160 60.46 2002 KK8 3.651 21.0 1.953 0.465 24.5 2.861 1.045 RADAR BINARY 2251 58.80 2000 UG11 3.684 20.4 1.928 0.573 8.9 3.033 0.823 RADAR BINARY 2266 58.52 2003 SS84 3.689 21.8 1.932 0.571 5.5 3.035 0.829 RADAR BINARY 2278 58.30 2006 GY2 3.694 18.8 1.858 0.495 30.6 2.778 0.938 RADAR BINARY 2282 58.23 (153591) 2001 SN263 3.697 16.5 1.987 0.478 6.7 2.937 1.037 RADAR BINARY 2333 57.29 (31345) 1998 PG 3.720 17.3 2.015 0.391 6.5 2.803 1.227 BINARY 2389 56.27 (7088) Ishtar 1992 AA 3.751 16.7 1.980 0.391 8.3 2.754 1.206 BINARY 2551 53.30 (85938) 1999 DJ4 3.841 18.6 1.852 0.483 9.2 2.747 0.957 RADAR BINARY 2601 52.39 2002 BM26 3.859 20.1 1.833 0.445 16.2 2.649 1.017 RADAR BINARY 2942 46.15 (69230) Hermes 1937 UB 4.020 17.5 1.655 0.624 6.1 2.688 0.622 RADAR BINARY 3105 43.16 (162000) 1990 OS 4.108 19.3 1.678 0.462 1.1 2.453 0.903 RADAR BINARY 3172 41.94 2004 DC 4.153 18.2 1.634 0.399 19.4 2.286 0.982 RADAR BINARY 3250 40.51 (65803) Didymos 1996 GT 4.199 18.4 1.645 0.384 3.4 2.277 1.013 RADAR BINARY 3554 34.94 (1862) Apollo 1932 HA 4.414 16.2 1.470 0.560 6.4 2.293 0.647 RADAR BINARY 4045 25.96 (185851) 2000 DP107 4.747 18.2 1.366 0.377 8.7 1.881 0.851 RADAR BINARY 4614 15.54 (164121) 2003 YT1 5.322 16.2 1.110 0.292 44.1 1.434 0.786 RADAR BINARY 4717 13.66 (35107) 1991 VH 5.477 16.9 1.136 0.144 13.9 1.300 0.972 BINARY 4769 12.70 1994 AW1 5.547 17.5 1.105 0.075 24.1 1.188 1.022 BINARY 4868 10.89 (88710) 2001 SL9 5.710 17.6 1.061 0.270 21.9 1.347 0.775 BINARY 4899 10.32 (175706) 1996 FG3 5.779 18.2 1.054 0.350 2.0 1.423 0.685 BINARY 4913 10.07 (66063) 1998 RO1 5.809 18.1 0.991 0.720 22.7 1.705 0.277 RADAR BINARY 5009 8.31 (5381) Sekhmet 1991 JY 6.028 16.5 0.947 0.296 49.0 1.227 0.667 RADAR BINARY 5337 2.31 1998 ST27 6.981 19.5 0.819 0.530 21.0 1.253 0.385 RADAR BINARY 5339 2.27 (137170) 1999 HF1 6.987 14.5 0.819 0.462 25.7 1.197 0.441 BINARY 5455 0.15 (66391) 1999 KW4 8.501 16.5 0.642 0.688 38.9 1.084 0.200 RADAR BINARY = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = NEA binaries with H < 22.0 (diameters > ~200 meters) detected since January 1, 1999: 24/136 = 17.6% This does not include 2003 SS84, which is probably < 200 m in diameter. Note: the tabulations below include 1866 Sisyphus but do NOT include 2004 RZ164, a possible binary reported by Kwiatkowski et al. 2007, or 2000 PJ5, a possible binary reported by Polishook and Brosch (2008). Percentage of all NEA binaries discovered by radar: 22/34 = 65% (includes Sisyphus) Percentage of all NEA binaries discovered photometrically: 12/34 = 35% Percentage of all NEA binaries detected by radar: 26/34 = 76% (includes Sisyphus) Percentage of all NEA binaries detected photometrically: 15/34 = 44% (Lightcurves of 1998 ST27, Hermes, 2003 YT1, 2002 CE26, Apollo, and Sisyphus do not show evidence for secondaries.) Percentage of all NEA binaries discovered at Arecibo: 18/34 = 53% (includes Sisyphus) Percentage of all NEA binaries discovered at Goldstone: 4/34 = 12% Percentage of all NEA radar binaries detected at Arecibo: 25/26 = 96% (includes Sisyphus) Percentage of all NEA radar binaries detected at Goldstone: 10/26 = 38% Percentage of all NEA binaries since January 1999 discovered by radar: 21/26 = 81% Percentage of all NEA binaries since January 1999 detected by radar: 24/26 = 92% Percentage of NEA radar binaries that are "Potentially Hazardous:" 20/26 = 77% Percentage of NEA binaries discovered by radar (including Sisyphus) that were targets-of-opportunity: 12/22 = 54.5% Photometry of 1999 KW4 in 1999 showed tentative evidence of mutual events, but the binary status of that object was not discovered until radar observations at Goldstone in 2001. 1998 RO1, Didymos, and 1999 DJ4, were strongly suspected of being binaries based on lightcurves prior to observations by radar. Photometry of 2006 VV2 suggested a binary in mid-March 2007 but not at the level required for an IAU Circular by the Binary Asteroid Photometric Survey. Its binary status became clear on March 27, 2007 based on observations at Goldstone. 1990 OS was first detected by radar in 1990 but was unrecognized as a binary system until November, 2003. 1862 Apollo was first detected by radar in 1980 but was unrecognized as a binary system until November, 2005. August, 2007 update: 1866 Sisyphus was suspected of being a binary in December, 1985 based on a narrow spike in CW data that did not move in frequency with the asteroid's 2.4 hour rotation period. Similar echo power spectra were not seen again with any asteroid until September, 2000 when 2000 DP107 was recognized as a binary based on both CW spectra and delay-Doppler imaging. Due to the narrow spikes observed in most known binaries, we now classify Sisyphus as a binary system. With an estimated diameter of about 8 km, Sisyphus is by far the largest binary NEA known. For additional lists of binary NEAs, their discovery history, and estimated physical properties, see Petr Pravec's website at: http://www.asu.cas.cz/~asteroid/binneas.htm#1 [THIS IS NOW OUTDATED] = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = FUTURE EARTH APPROACHES WITHIN 0.1 AU THROUGH 2099 ================================================== Date Distance (AU) 1862 Apollo 2046 Nov 0.0353 2048 May 0.0498 2080 Nov 0.0980 2082 May 0.0333 1866 Sisyphus NONE Approaches within 0.51 AU in Dec. 2011 but the secondary is probably too small to detect photometrically. Sisyphus radar opportunities: 2011 Dec 0.606 Marginal CW target: daily SNR ~5 2032 Nov 0.470 Weak CW target: daily SNR ~15 2045 Nov 0.304 Coarse resolution imaging opportunity: daily SNR ~100 2058 Nov 0.154 Good imaging opportunity: daily SNR > 1000 2071 Nov 0.116 Good imaging opportunity: daily SNR > 1000 3671 Dionysus 2085 Jun 0.0280 5381 Sekhmet NONE 7088 Ishtar NONE 31345 1998 PG NONE 35107 1991 VH 2008 Aug 0.0458 2025 Aug 0.0781 2048 Aug 0.0897 2065 Aug 0.0445 2088 Aug 0.0453 65803 Didymos 2022 Oct 0.0712 2062 Oct 0.0496 66063 1998 RO1 2076 Sep 0.0975 1998 RO1 makes many close approaches to Mercury, including one within 0.0054 AU in 2065. 66391 1999 KW4 2018 May 0.0782 2019 May 0.0346 2036 May 0.0155 2053 May 0.0678 2054 May 0.0457 2071 May 0.0175 2088 May 0.0866 2089 May 0.0238 69230 Hermes 2040 Apr 0.0282 2057 Apr 0.0265 2069 Oct 0.0860 2086 Oct 0.0244 85938 1999 DJ4 2057 Mar 0.0846 2062 May 0.0865 88710 2001 SL9 NONE 137170 1999 HF1 NONE 153591 2001 SN263 2008 Feb 0.0659 1990 OS 2040 Sep 0.0824 2053 Nov 0.0204 2077 Oct 0.0862 1994 AW1 2015 Jul 0.0650 2058 Jul 0.0650 2094 Jul 0.0825 1994 XD 2012 Nov 0.0518 2023 Jun 0.0211 2041 Jun 0.0153 1996 FG3 2022 May 0.0783 2050 Nov 0.0565 2063 Nov 0.0617 2086 Apr 0.0570 2099 May 0.0661 1998 ST27 2024 Oct 0.0238 2047 Oct 0.0752 2050 Oct 0.0920 2073 Oct 0.0338 2096 Oct 0.0444 1998 ST27 also makes frequent close approaches to Mercury. 2000 DP107 2008 Sep 0.0579 2067 Sep 0.0424 2075 Sep 0.0457 2000 UG11 2067 Nov 0.0805 2067 Nov 0.0867 (2000 PJ5 2018 Jul 0.194 Possible binary; Polishook & Brosch 2008 2027 Jul 0.183 This object does not approach within 0.1 AU until at least 2100. 2049 Jul 0.176 2071 Jul 0.182 2080 Jul 0.196 2093 Jul 0.198 ) 2002 BM26 2069 Jan 0.0940 2002 CE26 NONE 2002 KK8 2054 Jun 0.0740 2003 SS84 2020 Feb 0.0997 2054 Oct 0.0468 2003 YT1 2016 Oct 0.0348 2023 Nov 0.0594 2066 Apr 0.0675 2073 Apr 0.0113 2085 Nov 0.0401 2004 DC 2077 Jun 0.0272 (2004 RZ164 2074 Dec 0.0525 Possible binary; Kwiatkowski et al. 2007) 2005 AB NONE 2005 NB7 2008 Apr 0.0422 2046 Apr 0.0294 2006 GY2 2044 May 0.0291 2006 VV2 NONE The next time that 2006 VV2 might be detectable with radar is in 2092 (0.14 AU). The next approach within 0.1 AU will occur in March, 2177 at 0.032 AU. 2007 DT103 2007 Jul 0.0238 2089 Jul 0.0664 2008 BT18 2008 Jul 0.0151 2072 Feb 0.0182 Last update: 2008 July 06