1862 Apollo Planning
Background
1862 Apollo was discovered by K. Reinmuth at Heidelberg, Germany on April 24, 1932.
The namesake of its class, Apollo will approach within 0.075 AU (29 lunar distances) on
November 6. Apollo was studied extensively during its close approach in 1980, when CW
and coarse-resolution ranging echoes were detected at Arecibo by Ostro et al. (2002).
Apollo is a rapid rotator with a period of about 3 h. The lightcurve amplitude of up to
0.6 mag and variations in the 1980 Arecibo echo bandwidths indicate that Apollo has
an elongation of about 1.3.
These will be combined Goldstone and Arecibo observations.
Goldstone observations are scheduled on November 2, 6, 7, and 10.
Arecibo observations are scheduled on October 29, 30, and November 1 and 2.
Orbital and Physical Characteristics
orbit type Apollo
semimajor axis 1.471 AU
eccentricity 0.560
inclination 6.35°
perihelion distance 0.647 AU
aphelion distance 2.295 AU
absolute magnitude (H) 16.25
diameter 1.6 km
rotation period 3.065 h
pole direction (56, -26) +/- 10 deg
lightcurve amplitude ~0.3 mag
spectral class Q
Last updated: 2005 November 14
Discovery
Apollo was discovered so long ago (1932) that its discovery announcement is not
available in electronic form.
SNR Calculation
Target Name: 1862 Apollo
HMag: 16.25
Diameter: 1.5
Period: 3.065
------------GOLDSTONE---------- -------------ARECIBO-----------
Max Max
Dat Run UTC Dat Run UTC
Date RA Decl Delta Runs SNR SNR Window Runs SNR SNR Window
2005 10 28 192 -4 0.115 133 26 2 14:05-22:18 0 0 0 -
2005 10 29 190 -1 0.108 144 33 3 13:41-22:11 13 142 41 14:24-14:48
2005 10 30 187 1 0.102 157 43 4 13:24-22:06 25 300 68 13:41-15:05
2005 10 31 184 4 0.096 170 56 5 13:00-22:00 35 510 97 13:11-15:00
2005 11 1 181 7 0.091 185 71 6 12:30-21:48 43 720 120 12:48-15:00
2005 11 2 178 11 0.086 200 89 7 12:05-21:41 50 950 140 12:18-14:48
2005 11 3 174 15 0.082 215 110 8 11:35-21:36 55 1200 170 11:54-14:35
2005 11 4 169 19 0.079 231 130 9 11:00-21:23 58 1400 190 11:30-14:11
2005 11 5 164 23 0.077 245 150 10 10:30-21:11 60 1600 210 11:11-13:48
2005 11 6 159 27 0.076 257 160 11 9:54-20:53 57 1600 210 10:48-13:18
2005 11 7 153 32 0.075 267 160 11 9:11-20:36 50 1500 230 10:30-12:35
2005 11 8 146 35 0.076 273 160 11 8:30-20:18 37 1000 190 10:18-11:48
2005 11 9 139 39 0.078 275 150 10 7:47-19:53 12 410 120 -
2005 11 10 132 41 0.080 274 130 9 7:12-19:30 0 0 0 -
2005 11 11 125 43 0.084 269 110 8 6:30-19:06 0 0 0 -
2005 11 12 118 45 0.088 261 94 6 5:54-18:41 0 0 0 -
2005 11 13 112 46 0.093 251 76 5 5:17-18:11 0 0 0 -
2005 11 14 105 46 0.098 239 61 4 4:47-17:48 0 0 0 -
Arecibo SNRs have been adjusted to reflect current transmitter power of about 500 kW.
Goldstone Track Assignments
1862 Apollo Goldstone tracks
UT UT PST Duration
DOY Date TX Window TX Window AST TX Window (hh:mm)
--- ---- --------- ------------- ------------- -------
306 Nov 02 1310-1710 0510-0910 Nov 02 0910-1310 Nov 02 4:00
310 Nov 06 1525-2015 0725-1215 Nov 06 1125-1615 Nov 06 4:50
311 Nov 07 1130-1530 0330-0730 Nov 07 0730-1130 Nov 07 4:00
317 Nov 13 1320-1730 0520-0930 Nov 13 0920-1330 Nov 13 4:10
1862 Apollo Arecibo Tracks
302 Oct 29 1356-1500 0556-0700 Oct 29 0956-1100 Oct 29 1:04
303 Oct 30 1324-1504 0524-0704 Oct 30 0924-1104 Oct 30 1:44
304 Oct 31 --NO APOLLO TRACK--
305 Nov 01 1230-1453 0430-0653 Nov 01 0830-1053 Nov 01 2:23
306 Nov 02 1205-1440 0405-0640 Nov 02 0805-1040 Nov 02 2:35
Goldstone/Arecibo Overlap
306 Nov 02 1310-1440 0510-0640 Nov 02 0910-1040 Nov 02 1:30
2005 JE46 Goldstone tracks
306 Nov 02 1425-1710 0625-0910 Nov 02 1025-1310 Nov 02 2:45
310 Nov 06 1525-2015 0725-1215 Nov 06 1125-1615 Nov 06 4:50
311 Nov 07 1130-1530 0330-0730 Nov 07 0730-1130 Nov 07 4:00
317 Nov 13 1320-1555 0520-0755 Nov 13 0920-1155 Nov 13 2:35
Relative Rotation Phase Coverage
Sky Motion
Uncertainties
From Horizons: 2005 October 10, solution 76, # obs: 466 (1930-2005):
Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta POS_3sigma DOP_S-sig DOP_X-sig RT_delay-sig
2005-Oct-28 00:00 191.72496 -3.50209 0.1150122580 1.82600030 0.43 1.54 0.000104
2005-Oct-29 00:00 189.51198 -1.21100 0.1082821031 1.91402795 0.41 1.47 0.000168
2005-Oct-30 00:00 187.04369 1.36241 0.1019762517 1.99301770 0.39 1.40 0.000240
2005-Oct-31 00:00 184.28179 4.24332 0.0961511613 2.05587541 0.37 1.31 0.000317
2005-Nov-01 00:00 181.18242 7.44936 0.0908741923 2.09330644 0.34 1.20 0.000399
2005-Nov-02 00:00 177.69675 10.98349 0.0862231535 2.09410352 0.30 1.09 0.000484
2005-Nov-03 00:00 173.77278 14.82468 0.0822839522 2.04635187 0.27 0.96 0.000570
2005-Nov-04 00:00 169.35922 18.91778 0.0791455416 1.93993285 0.23 0.82 0.000655
2005-Nov-05 00:00 164.41250 23.16568 0.0768917799 1.77026601 0.19 0.67 0.000734
2005-Nov-06 00:00 158.90754 27.42899 0.0755908780 1.54234805 0.14 0.51 0.000804
2005-Nov-07 00:00 152.85215 31.53756 0.0752846191 1.27340449 0.11 0.38 0.000861
2005-Nov-08 00:00 146.30229 35.31478 0.0759806337 .993100542 0.08 0.28 0.000904
2005-Nov-09 00:00 139.37215 38.60860 0.0776505953 .742841553 0.08 0.27 0.000930
2005-Nov-10 00:00 132.23139 41.31865 0.0802350621 .575402746 0.10 0.34 0.000941
2005-Nov-11 00:00 125.08494 43.40939 0.0836530683 .532856752 0.12 0.43 0.000939
2005-Nov-12 00:00 118.13944 44.90602 0.0878131660 .589554515 0.15 0.52 0.000927
2005-Nov-13 00:00 111.56896 45.87742 0.0926230303 .680380071 0.17 0.60 0.000907
2005-Nov-14 00:00 105.49320 46.41462 0.0979961655 .766457784 0.19 0.67 0.000882
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
From OSOD on stealth.gdscc.nasa.gov, solution 85:
Date Sigma
UT R.A. Dec. s Rdop s Rdel
YYYY mmm DD HH arcsec Hz us
--------------- ----------------- ------- -------
2005 Nov 13 13a 1.77E-01 1.53E+00 5.8E-01 9.4E+01
2005 Nov 13 14c 1.73E-01 1.53E+00 5.8E-01 9.5E+01
2005 Nov 13 15* 1.70E-01 1.53E+00 5.8E-01 9.5E+01
2005 Nov 13 16* 1.66E-01 1.52E+00 5.8E-01 9.5E+01
2005 Nov 13 17* 1.63E-01 1.52E+00 5.8E-01 9.6E+01
2005 Nov 13 18* 1.60E-01 1.52E+00 5.8E-01 9.6E+01
Setups
CW Setup
CW setup for the November 13 track:
TX polarization RCP
RCV polarization LCP
Frequencies: 2
Dwell: 20 seconds
Bandwidth: 10000 Hz
Sampling interval: 1000 x 0.1 usec
VME FFT for PSD files: 2048 for 4.88-Hz resolution
Possible ranging setups:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 10-usec single sample
baud 10 usec
code 127
gates 127
FFT 64
CLT 11
ncoh 2
bandwidth 394 Hz
resolution 6.15 Hz
TXOFF +60 Hz -> echo will be centered at +9.75 bins or in bin 32+10 = 42
incoh sums 64 => 10.4 sec/record
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 11-usec single sample, 5.6-Hz resolution.
baud 11 usec
code 127
gates 127
PRP 1397
FFT 64
CLT 11
ncoh 2
bandwidth 357.9 Hz
resolution 5.59 Hz
TXOFF TBD
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 11-usec single sample, 11.2-Hz resolution
baud 11 usec
code 127
gates 127
PRP 1397
FFT 64
CLT 11
ncoh 1
bandwidth 715.8 Hz
resolution 11.2 Hz
TXOFF +60 -> echo would be centered at +5 bins w/perfect ephemeris
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 7-usec single sample
------------------------------
baud 7 usec
code 127
gates 127
PRP 889
FFT 64
CLT 11
ncoh 1
bandwidth 1124.9 Hz
resolution 17.6 Hz
TXOFF +60 -> echo would be centered at +3.4 bins w/perfect ephemeris
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 1-usec single sample
------------------------------
baud 1 usec
code 127
gates 127
PRP 127
FFT 64
CLT 13 & 14, about evenly divided
ncoh 15
bandwidth 525 Hz
resolution 8.2 Hz
TXOFF +50 -> echo would be centered at +6.1 bins w/perfect ephemeris
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.125-usec ranging setup used in first UY4 track (DOY 213, Aug. 1)
------------------
setup JX1XS001 revised
baud 0.125 usec
code 127
gates 127
FFT 64
ncoh 984
bandwidth 64.016384 Hz
resolution 1.000256 Hz
TXOFF We used 10 Hz, placing COM in cell 32+10=42
Henceforth use 15 Hz, to put COM in 32+15=47
incoh sums 4 looks=> 8 sec/record => expect records per run ~ RTT/8
PFS CLT gate 21
_____________________________________________________________________
POSSIBLE RANGING SETUPS: (code=127, FFT=64, single-pol'n)
These are from JX, w/ max-band (min-acc) options from Ray Jurgens.
Currently configured for 5-sec records.
_______________________________________________________________________
Setup Baud RP 1-acc 1-acc
usec m usec band res acc band res
_______________________________________________________________________
JX1XS110 11.000 1650 1397.0 715.8 11.2 2 358 5.6
JX1XS070 7.000 1050 889.0 1124.9 17.6 3 375 5.9
JX1XS020 2.000 300 254.0 3937.0 61.5 12 328 5.1
4 984 15.4
JX1XS010 1.000 150 127.0 7874.0 123.0 41 192 3.0
8 984 15.4
JX1XS005 0.500 75 63.5 15748.0 246.1 123 128 2.0
15 1050 16.4
JX1XS002 0.250 37.5 31.75 31496.1 492.1 492 64 1.0
30 1050 16.4
JX1XS001 0.125 18.75 15.875 62992.1 984.3 1970 32 0.5
60 1050 16.4
____________________________________________________________________
Instructions
NOTE: Data should be moved to the appropriate subdirectories in
stealth:/export/data0/rosema/Apollo/raw/
1862 Apollo POINTING:
OSOD and predicts are at Goldstone on stealth:
/export/data2/osod/ops/a1862/PRDX.OUT.s85
/PUNCH.OUT.s85
/EPH.OUT.s85
and have been copied to:
/export/data0/rosema/Apollo/support/
POINTING
TX Offsets
Date (UTC) DOY hhmmss RA Dec Macro LHA Dec RTT OSOD
2005 11 13 317 120000 108.4311 46.2141 A 95.0 81
2005 11 13 317 130000 108.1705 46.2349 A 95.2
2005 11 13 317 140000 107.9117 46.2540 A 95.5
2005 11 13 317 150000 107.6552 46.2716 A 0.0068 0.0005 95.7
2005 11 13 317 160000 107.4013 46.2879 A 95.9
2005 11 13 317 170000 107.1504 46.3033 A 96.2
2005 11 13 317 180000 106.9025 46.3178 A 96.4
PRDX.OUT.s85
TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14
RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA EL
2005 NOV 13 13:20 95.3177973268 -541808.140 27.7804 46.2414 108.084 66.531
2005 NOV 13 13:30 95.3558078571 -542756.563 30.3304 46.2446 108.041 64.836
2005 NOV 13 13:40 95.3938843314 -543689.356 32.8803 46.2478 107.998 63.119
2005 NOV 13 13:50 95.4320256056 -544605.379 35.4302 46.2509 107.955 61.385
2005 NOV 13 14:00 95.4702304651 -545503.525 37.9801 46.2540 107.912 59.640
2005 NOV 13 14:10 95.5084976190 -546382.724 40.5298 46.2570 107.869 57.887
2005 NOV 13 14:20 95.5468257109 -547241.941 43.0795 46.2600 107.826 56.129
2005 NOV 13 14:30 95.5852132925 -548080.180 45.6292 46.2629 107.783 54.367
2005 NOV 13 14:40 95.6236588719 -548896.489 48.1787 46.2658 107.740 52.604
2005 NOV 13 14:50 95.6621608672 -549689.954 50.7282 46.2687 107.698 50.843
2005 NOV 13 15:00 95.7007176588 -550459.709 53.2776 46.2716 107.655 49.084
2005 NOV 13 15:10 95.7393275474 -551204.935 55.8270 46.2744 107.613 47.329
2005 NOV 13 15:20 95.7779887860 -551924.859 58.3763 46.2771 107.570 45.579
2005 NOV 13 15:30 95.8166995837 -552618.757 60.9255 46.2799 107.528 43.837
2005 NOV 13 15:40 95.8554580839 -553285.959 63.4746 46.2826 107.486 42.102
2005 NOV 13 15:50 95.8942624014 -553925.845 66.0236 46.2853 107.443 40.376
2005 NOV 13 16:00 95.9331105928 -554537.847 68.5726 46.2879 107.401 38.660
2005 NOV 13 16:10 95.9720006853 -555121.456 71.1214 46.2905 107.359 36.955
2005 NOV 13 16:20 96.0109306805 -555676.214 73.6702 46.2931 107.317 35.263
2005 NOV 13 16:30 96.0498985414 -556201.722 76.2189 46.2957 107.275 33.584
2005 NOV 13 16:40 96.0889021972 -556697.638 78.7676 46.2982 107.234 31.919
2005 NOV 13 16:50 96.1279395712 -557163.676 81.3161 46.3007 107.192 30.270
2005 NOV 13 17:00 96.1670085526 -557599.611 83.8646 46.3032 107.150 28.637
2005 NOV 13 17:10 96.2061070331 -558005.275 86.4129 46.3057 107.109 27.022
2005 NOV 13 17:20 96.2452328865 -558380.560 88.9612 46.3081 107.067 25.425
2005 NOV 13 17:30 96.2843839730 -558725.417 91.5094 46.3106 107.026 23.848
GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG
==============================================================================
RCV
file setup runs start -stop osod OFFSET TX Poln
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
November 2 (DOY 306)
CW 2 hops, 10 kHz, 2k FFT 20s dwell 21 134208-144011 81 none RCP VME & PFS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
November 13 (DOY 317)
10 usec, ncoh=2, 127 code 10 160650-163728 85 +60 RCP VME & PFS
1 usec, ncoh=15,127 code 15 164418-173107 85 +60 ? RCP VME & PFS
==============================================================================
RADAR ASTROMETRY
2005 11 13 16:50:00 R 96.127871 2.0 8560.D6 -14 Benner, L.A.M.
Correction of -69 usec to soln 85 from 10 and 1 usec ranging. Placed
COM at TE of 1 usec echo, which is about 4 rows deep.
==============================================================================
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412
Mail Stop 300-233 | FAX: (818) 354-9476
Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance@reason.jpl.nasa.gov
Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 | Plan: To live long and prosper
http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/1992UY4/goldstone/html/1992UY4_planning.html
Asteroid Radar Astronomy