Goldstone Radar Observations Planning: 2015 HM10
Delay-Doppler images of 2015HM10 obtained on July 7, 2015 using DSS-13 to transmit and GBT to receive. Resolution is 3.75 m x 0.25 Hz. Range increases down and Doppler frequency increases to the right. The images span an interval of about 30 minutes and the object has a rotation period of 22 mins.
2015 HM10 was discovered on April 19, 2015 with the Dark Energy Camera on the Blanco 4-m Telescope at Cerro Tololo (Chile). Its absolute magnitude of 23.6 suggests a diameter within a factor of two of 60 meters. Bill Ryan (Magdalena Ridge Observatory) reports a rotation period of 0.37 h and a lightcurve amplitude of 1.5 mag, so this is a fast rotator that may have an elongated shape. Otherwise its physical properties are unknown. 2015 HM10 will approach within 0.00295 au (1.14 lunar distances) on July 7 and it will be a very strong radar target. We plan to observe 2015 HM10 with DSS-14, DSS-13, Arecibo, and Green Bank. We have scheduled one monostatic track at DSS-14 on July 5-6 and two bistatic tracks at DSS-13 on July 6 and 7. The DSS-13 observations on July 6 will be passive with reception of S-band transmissions from Arecibo, although there is still an outside chance that we may also be able to transmit from DSS-13 to Arecibo on that day. On July 7, we'll transmit C-band from DSS-13 and receive echoes at Green Bank. Observations at Arecibo are scheduled on July 6 and 8. The July 6 Arecibo observations will be a combination of radar speckle tracking using the Pie Town, Los Alamos, Kitt Peak, Fort Davis, and Owens Valley VLBA stations and delay-Doppler imaging with DSS-13. Optical astrometry has been critical for shrinking the orbital uncertainties before the closest approach. Thank you to everyone who has observed this object! 2015 HM10 will become brighter than 20th magnitude in early July but it will not be an easy optical target because it wll be less than 90 deg from the Sun.
Orbital and Physical Characteristics Provisional Designation 2015 HM10 Asteroid number not numbered Discoverer DECam/Cerro Tololo Discovery date 2015 Apr 19 orbit type Apollo Close approach date 2015 July 7 Close approach distance 0.00295 au Close approach distance 1.14 lunar distances semimajor axis 2.540 au eccentricity 0.602 inclination 1.55 deg perihelion distance 1.011 au aphelion distance 4.069 au Tisserand parameter 3.164 --> asteroidal absolute magnitude (H) 23.6 diameter 60 m +-a factor of two optical albedo unknown rotation period 0.37 h W. Ryan, pers. comm. lightcurve amplitude 1.5 mag W. Ryan, pers. comm. pole direction unknown spectral class unknown Last update: 2015 July 6
2015 HM10 http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K15/K15H90.html
SNR Calculations
GOLDSTONE SNRs Assumptions: D = 0.06 km, P = 0.1 h, OC radar albedo = 0.1 DSS-14 MONOSTATIC 13/GBT 14/GBT 13/AO W DOY start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run SNR/RTT SNR/RTT SNR/RTT 27 183-184 2015 Jul 02-03 20:31-04:51 174, -3 0.023 654 53 2 27 184-185 2015 Jul 03-04 20:18-04:45 172, -2 0.018 836 130 5 27 185-186 2015 Jul 04-05 19:59-04:37 170, 0 0.014 1153 450 14 42 27 186-187 2015 Jul 05-06 19:28-04:23 165, +5 0.009 1818 2400 60 6 180 12 Scheduled at DSS-14. 28 187-188 2015 Jul 06-07 18:17-03:39 151, +16 0.005 3736 29000 510 48 1600 100 Scheduled at DSS-13: Observe w/Arecibo 28 188 2015 Jul 07 14:30-23:32 93, +39 0.003 7607 260000 3200 310 10000 630 Scheduled at DSS-13. Observe w/GBT 28 189 2015 Jul 08 09:33-19:45 30, +28 0.005 4069 29000 490 46 1500 98 28 190 2015 Jul 09 08:30-18:36 14, +18 0.009 2056 2500 59 6 180 12 28 191 2015 Jul 10 08:11-18:05 8, +14 0.014 1323 480 14 42 28 192 2015 Jul 11 08:01-17:48 6, +12 0.018 969 150 5 28 193 2015 Jul 12 07:53-17:35 4, +11 0.023 762 59 2 Goldstone SNRs assume Ptx = 450 kW and T = 18 K. ARECIBO SNRs <--MONOSTATIC--> AO/DSS13 w DOY start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run SNR/RTT 27 185 2015 Jul 04 20:28-21:29 170, 0 0.014 131 2300 210 8 27 186 2015 Jul 05 19:44-21:31 166, +4 0.010 363 18000 1100 33 28 187 2015 Jul 06 18:32-21:00 154, +13 0.005 951 240000 8300 290 Arecibo/VLBA speckle tracking & DSS-13 28 188 2015 Jul 07 16:04-16:43 105, +37 0.003 791 1100000 42000 1800 28 189 2015 Jul 08 10:41-12:45 34, +30 0.005 1053 470000 16000 290 Arecibo/GBT bistatic observations 28 190 2015 Jul 09 08:59-11:40 15, +19 0.009 596 41000 1700 33 28 191 2015 Jul 10 08:32-11:11 9, +15 0.013 372 7400 400 8 28 192 2015 Jul 11 08:19-10:53 6, +13 0.018 275 2100 130 28 193 2015 Jul 12 08:10-10:41 4, +11 0.022 207 810 60 29 194 2015 Jul 13 08:03-10:31 3, +10 0.027 165 370 31 29 195 2015 Jul 14 07:57-10:23 3, +10 0.032 141 190 17 29 196 2015 Jul 15 07:52-10:16 2, +9 0.037 120 110 12 Recently Arecibo has had difficulty tracking objects at high zenith angles, so this object might not be detectable at +37 deg on July 7.
Track Assignments
DOY BOA BOT EOT EOA 186 2155 2325 0225 0255 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2015 HM10 187 1725 1855 2100 2130 DSS-13 GSSR AST 2015 HM10 188 1830 2000 2325 2355 DSS-13 GSSR AST 2015 HM10 Goldstone and Arecibo tracks: UT UT PDT Duration Round-trip DOY Date TX Window TX Window hh:mm time (sec) 186-187 Jul 5-6 2225-0225 1525-1925 Jul 5 4:00 9 DSS-14 X-band monostatic. 187 Jul 6 1830-2100 1130-1400 Jul 6 2:30 5 Arecibo/VLBA speckle tracking and Arecibo/DSS-13 imaging 188 Jul 7 1830-2315 1130-1615 Jul 7 4:45 3 DSS-13/GBT C-band bistatic. GBT scheduled. 189 Jul 8 1041-1200 0341-0500 Jul 8 1:19 5 Arecibo/GBT S-band bistatic GBT scheduled. July 6 Arecibo/VLBA/DSS-13 Observations July 6 1830-1845 DSS-13 bistatic July 6 1845-1900 VLBA radar speckle tracking. Eavesdrop at DSS-13. July 6 1900-2030 DSS-13 bistatic July 6 2030-2045 VLBA radar speckle tracking. Eavesdrop at DSS-13. The Goldstone times immediately above indicate when we have transmit authorization, which starts during precal time on each day. The July 6 track will begin with Arecibo/VLBA radar speckle tracking. We will eavesdrop at DSS-13. Then we will do Arecibo/DSS-13 delay-Doppler imaging. At the end of the track, Arecibo will resume radar speckle tracking with the VLBA and we will eavesdrop at DSS-13. The July 7 track at Green Bank ends at 2315 even though we have transmit authorization until 2325. The July 8 Arecibo/GBT track ends before the asteroid sets at Arecibo due to the schedule at Green Bank.
Uncertainties
JPL/Horizons solution 14, # obs: 74 (72 days): Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta POS_3sigma DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig 2015-Jul-01 00:00 * 175.40640 -4.12127 0.03285576297461 0.695 15.37 55.87 0.006988 2015-Jul-02 00:00 * 174.74616 -3.57332 0.02806340975106 1.054 15.40 55.99 0.006481 2015-Jul-03 00:00 * 173.80012 -2.79234 0.02327240463486 1.824 15.44 56.13 0.005981 2015-Jul-04 00:00 * 172.34825 -1.59757 0.01849155908244 3.515 15.53 56.45 0.005489 2015-Jul-05 00:00 * 169.86915 0.43867 0.01373947777275 7.715 15.87 57.69 0.005003 2015-Jul-06 00:00 * 164.76751 4.60244 0.00907039428189 21.193 18.01 65.47 0.004487 2015-Jul-07 00:00 * 149.17058 16.51712 0.00475012174044 91.340 46.48 168.92 0.003610 2015-Jul-08 00:00 * 67.71910 38.59155 0.00313501352654 246.022 142.34 517.35 0.000835 2015-Jul-09 00:00 * 20.48734 22.27726 0.00664146641520 64.783 12.11 44.03 0.002787 2015-Jul-10 00:00 * 10.84796 15.92323 0.01118320381766 27.267 12.87 46.79 0.002848 2015-Jul-11 00:00 * 7.03048 13.15129 0.01588807072635 16.185 14.56 52.92 0.002758 2015-Jul-12 00:00 * 4.99370 11.62441 0.02063964257073 11.479 15.14 55.04 0.002714 2015-Jul-13 00:00 *m 3.72236 10.65883 0.02540765424964 9.028 15.39 55.93 0.002763 2015-Jul-14 00:00 *m 2.84664 9.99093 0.03018089417368 7.579 15.50 56.35 0.002913 2015-Jul-15 00:00 *m 2.20023 9.49864 0.03495429123638 6.647 15.56 56.55 0.003154 - - - - - - - - - - JPL/Horizons solution 10, # obs: 46 (68 days): Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta POS_3sigma DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig 2015-Jul-01 00:00 * 175.40641 -4.12117 0.03285511937991 2.089 19.29 70.12 0.011415 2015-Jul-02 00:00 * 174.74617 -3.57317 0.02806273366404 3.144 19.41 70.54 0.010759 2015-Jul-03 00:00 * 173.80010 -2.79213 0.02327169675027 5.044 19.59 71.18 0.010103 2015-Jul-04 00:00 * 172.34817 -1.59725 0.01849082083699 8.826 19.97 72.57 0.009445 2015-Jul-05 00:00 * 169.86889 0.43923 0.01373871300296 17.651 21.16 76.90 0.008768 2015-Jul-06 00:00 * 164.76666 4.60367 0.00906961759222 44.647 27.06 98.34 0.007995 * 2015-Jul-07 00:00 * 149.16611 16.52130 0.00474943508497 179.206 86.90 315.82 0.006447 * 2015-Jul-08 00:00 * 67.69947 38.59072 0.00313528522699 453.461 263.87 959.02 0.001803 * 2015-Jul-09 00:00 * 20.48353 22.27569 0.00664225791067 112.873 16.61 60.38 0.005412 2015-Jul-10 00:00 * 10.84648 15.92264 0.01118409286936 45.186 14.25 51.78 0.005443 2015-Jul-11 00:00 * 7.02964 13.15099 0.01588900955446 25.693 17.72 64.39 0.005098 2015-Jul-12 00:00 * 4.99314 11.62423 0.02064062019027 17.581 18.85 68.51 0.004709 2015-Jul-13 00:00 *m 3.72194 10.65871 0.02540866674848 13.427 19.31 70.20 0.004354 2015-Jul-14 00:00 *m 2.84631 9.99085 0.03018193974980 11.007 19.54 71.00 0.004070 2015-Jul-15 00:00 *m 2.19995 9.49857 0.03495536890442 9.469 19.65 71.41 0.003888 - - - - - - - - - - JPL/Horizons solution 6, # obs: 23 (57 days): Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta POS_3sigma DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig 2015-Jul-01 00:00 * 175.40593 -4.12093 0.03284619530233 47.108 117.05 425.40 0.112259 2015-Jul-02 00:00 * 174.74544 -3.57277 0.02805417713774 65.479 119.64 434.83 0.108027 2015-Jul-03 00:00 * 173.79894 -2.79142 0.02326351358720 96.105 123.93 450.42 0.103695 2015-Jul-04 00:00 * 172.34619 -1.59594 0.01848302203039 152.990 132.73 482.40 0.099173 2015-Jul-05 00:00 * 169.86508 0.44195 0.01373132686981 277.421 156.54 568.92 0.094186 2015-Jul-06 00:00 * 164.75729 4.61064 0.00906275121882 635.045 253.48 921.26 0.087558 2015-Jul-07 00:00 * 149.12697 16.54758 0.00474383538214 2304.002 1047.56 3807.30 0.070321 2015-Jul-08 00:00 * 67.55679 38.57351 0.00313708463837 5231.693 3077.72 11185.84 0.027927 2015-Jul-09 00:00 * 20.45930 22.26023 0.00664739558744 1162.967 195.26 709.68 0.070083 2015-Jul-10 00:00 * 10.83791 15.91611 0.01118935160939 413.531 58.80 213.70 0.071563 2015-Jul-11 00:00 * 7.02510 13.14731 0.01589402936238 208.762 100.36 364.76 0.068770 2015-Jul-12 00:00 * 4.99020 11.62177 0.02064531842547 127.488 112.27 408.06 0.065050 2015-Jul-13 00:00 *m 3.71979 10.65688 0.02541301419806 87.694 116.90 424.85 0.061020 2015-Jul-14 00:00 *m 2.84461 9.98940 0.03018592324994 65.491 119.08 432.79 0.056860 2015-Jul-15 00:00 *m 2.19854 9.49736 0.03495898157005 51.963 120.26 437.09 0.052639 - - - - - - - - - - JPL/Horizons solution 4, # obs: 20 (29 days): Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. POS_3sigma DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig 2015-Jul-01 00:00 175.39380 -4.11075 770.950 554.23 2014.34 0.785026 2015-Jul-01 12:00 175.05989 -3.84880 873.760 528.57 1921.07 0.775197 2015-Jul-02 00:00 174.72908 -3.55916 998.545 587.14 2133.92 0.765247 2015-Jul-02 12:00 174.26875 -3.19485 1155.834 556.75 2023.49 0.754841 2015-Jul-03 00:00 173.77571 -2.77223 1357.314 642.09 2333.65 0.744159 2015-Jul-03 12:00 173.09949 -2.23235 1621.041 609.59 2215.53 0.732741 2015-Jul-04 00:00 172.31053 -1.56660 1984.385 750.95 2729.28 0.720641 2015-Jul-04 12:00 171.21867 -0.68761 2490.978 733.27 2665.05 0.707081 2015-Jul-05 00:00 169.80290 0.49290 3268.099 1025.32 3726.49 0.691522 2015-Jul-05 12:00 167.74314 2.15921 4479.060 1128.53 4101.61 0.671981 2015-Jul-06 00:00 164.62005 4.72146 6696.838 2039.86 7413.79 0.644463 2015-Jul-06 12:00 159.38152 8.87483 10948.785 3239.09 11772.33 0.598542 2015-Jul-07 00:00 148.61316 16.90537 21322.517 9425.92 34258.09 0.494341 2015-Jul-07 12:00 122.49195 31.23788 41735.341 24196.57 87941.33 0.212844 2015-Jul-08 00:00 65.95282 38.38177 38882.937 22859.12 83080.42 0.314733 2015-Jul-08 12:00 33.50654 29.17704 16516.899 6571.46 23883.65 0.549008 2015-Jul-09 00:00 20.22379 22.11584 6802.777 1314.07 4775.93 0.611587 2015-Jul-09 12:00 14.40685 18.38122 3366.989 267.01 970.44 0.623444 2015-Jul-10 00:00 10.76726 15.86509 1739.291 257.93 937.44 0.623023 2015-Jul-10 12:00 8.63495 14.33406 991.182 377.58 1372.30 0.617112 2015-Jul-11 00:00 6.99419 13.12358 568.005 476.62 1732.24 0.609372 2015-Jul-11 12:00 5.90463 12.31546 375.805 509.33 1851.13 0.600520 2015-Jul-12 00:00 4.97403 11.60884 301.290 528.67 1921.41 0.591190 2015-Jul-12 12:00 4.31171 11.11340 297.235 549.33 1996.51 0.581564 2015-Jul-13 00:00 3.71047 10.64914 315.187 545.95 1984.25 0.571748 2015-Jul-13 12:00 3.26178 10.31467 333.624 565.08 2053.75 0.561849 2015-Jul-14 00:00 2.83893 9.98446 350.145 553.62 2012.11 0.551844 2015-Jul-14 12:00 2.51100 9.74282 361.342 572.77 2081.71 0.541824 2015-Jul-15 00:00 2.19496 9.49409 369.630 558.11 2028.44 0.531730 ********************************************************************************************** Apparent Magnitudes, Solar Elongations, Lunar Elongations, and Lunar Illumination: Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta APmag S-O-T /r T-O-M/Illu% 2015-Jun-15 00:00 177.99650 -6.31128 0.10749553680906 21.52 97.0282 /T 116.3/ 3.2 2015-Jun-16 00:00 177.92132 -6.25673 0.10300064081219 21.47 95.9889 /T 102.7/ 0.6 2015-Jun-17 00:00 177.84716 -6.20038 0.09847990197800 21.41 94.9499 /T 89.3/ 0.4 2015-Jun-18 00:00 177.77294 -6.14149 0.09393351571391 21.35 93.9100 /T 76.2/ 2.5 2015-Jun-19 00:00 177.69735 -6.07914 0.08936182794154 21.28 92.8674 /T 63.4/ 6.5 2015-Jun-20 00:00 177.61883 -6.01224 0.08476534687239 21.21 91.8205 /T 50.8/ 12.3 2015-Jun-21 00:00 177.53550 -5.93944 0.08014474759597 21.13 90.7668 /T 38.6/ 19.4 2015-Jun-22 00:00 177.44510 -5.85907 0.07550087093068 21.05 89.7038 /T 26.7/ 27.6 2015-Jun-23 00:00 177.34483 -5.76906 0.07083471901137 20.96 88.6279 /T 15.1/ 36.5 2015-Jun-24 00:00 177.23120 -5.66674 0.06614745043735 20.86 87.5349 /T 6.085/ 45.8 2015-Jun-25 00:00 177.09975 -5.54868 0.06144037779267 20.76 86.4193 /T 11.5/ 55.2 2015-Jun-26 00:00 176.94464 -5.41031 0.05671497037322 20.64 85.2738 /T 22.8/ 64.6 2015-Jun-27 00:00 176.75809 -5.24546 0.05197286541516 20.51 84.0888 /T 34.9/ 73.6 2015-Jun-28 00:00 176.52928 -5.04547 0.04721589258283 20.37 82.8509 /T 47.5/ 81.8 2015-Jun-29 00:00 176.24279 -4.79788 0.04244612011568 20.21 81.5406 /T 60.5/ 88.9 2015-Jun-30 00:00 175.87559 -4.48391 0.03766593978296 20.02 80.1293 /T 73.9/ 94.6 2015-Jul-01 00:00 175.39160 -4.07397 0.03287817401387 19.81 78.5716 /T 87.9/ 98.3 2015-Jul-02 00:00 174.73068 -3.51839 0.02808663364040 19.57 76.7919 /T 102.4/ 99.8 2015-Jul-03 00:00 173.78402 -2.72693 0.02329655504655 19.29 74.6533 /T 117.5/ 98.8 2015-Jul-04 00:00 172.33198 -1.51694 0.01851683142486 18.96 71.8794 /T 133.5/ 95.1 2015-Jul-05 00:00 169.85471 0.54314 0.01376623939092 18.58 67.8184 /T 151.0/ 89.0 2015-Jul-06 00:00 164.76494 4.74732 0.00909940933884 18.19 60.5107 /T 171.6/ 80.7 2015-Jul-07 00:00 149.26593 16.71734 0.00478247184227 19. 41.1723 /T 155.0/ 70.8 2015-Jul-08 00:00 68.35614 38.99717 0.00314740893994 18. 36.6002 /L 69.2/ 59.8 2015-Jul-09 00:00 20.62571 22.55461 0.00662914782655 16.39 79.2250 /L 16.7/ 48.4 2015-Jul-10 00:00 10.90189 16.08334 0.01116473857668 16.98 91.0801 /L 20.5/ 37.2 2015-Jul-11 00:00 7.05927 13.26128 0.01586698735901 17.53 96.5657 /L 36.6/ 26.8 2015-Jul-12 00:00 5.01130 11.70770 0.02061700726443 17.97 99.9753 /L 52.1/ 17.7 2015-Jul-13 00:00 3.73381 10.72570 0.02538391996176 18.33 102.4711 /L 66.7/ 10.2 2015-Jul-14 00:00 2.85424 10.04673 0.03015629595928 18.63 104.4885 /L 80.8/ 4.8 2015-Jul-15 00:00 2.20521 9.54648 0.03492896839506 18.89 106.2264 /L 94.4/ 1.4
Setups
CW setup: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TX polarization RCP RCV polarization LCP & RCP Frequency hops: no hopping Bandwidth: 10,000 Hz TXoffset +500 Hz FFT for PFS files: 5000 for 2 Hz resolution Ranging setups: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10-usec baud 10 usec code 127 PRP 1270 usec FFT 128 ncoh 1 bandwidth 787 Hz resolution 6.15 Hz TXOFF +100Hz (echo in col 81) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-usec baud 11 usec code 127 PRP 1397 usec FFT 128 ncoh 1 bandwidth 716 Hz resolution 5.6 Hz TXOFF +100 Hz (echo in bin 82) ---------------------------------------------------------------------
Instructions
NOTE: Data should be moved to the appropriate subdirectories in aardvark:/export/data0/2015hm10/raw/
POINTING:
OSOD and predicts will be on aardvark: ...not available yet... POINTING TX Offsets Date (UTC) DOY hhmmss RA Dec Macro LHA Dec RTT OSOD ... to be added ... Transmit offsets are given in millidegrees.
PRDX.OUT.14f-14-14.?? TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14 RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA EL
2015 HM10 GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG
============================================================================== Receive TX Setup hops dwell code ncoh FFT runs start -stop OSOD offset Poln Notes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412 Mail Stop 183-601 | FAX: (818) 393-4445 Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance.benner@jpl.nasa.gov California Institute of Technology | Plan: To live long and prosper Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2015HM10/2015HM10_planning.html
Asteroid Radar Astronomy
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