Goldstone Radar Observations Planning: 2014 UR
2014 UR was discovered on October 10, 2014 by the Catalina Sky Survey. The asteroid has an absolute magnitude of 26.6, which suggests a diameter within a factor of two from 15 m. B. Warner has reported a rotation period of 2.37 h, which is unusually slow for near-Earth asteroid this small. Arecibo observed this asteroid in October, 2014 just after it apprached within 2.9 lunar distances. The CW echo was relatively weak but it appeared to have a bandwidth of at least 2 Hz. If we assume that the diameter is ~15 m, then the bandwidth places a lower bound to the rotation period of ~0.2 h. This asteroid will approach within 0.0098 AU (3.8 lunar distances) on October 18, when it will be detectable at both Goldstone and Arecibo. We expect 2014 UR to be a CW target at Goldstone but it will be much stronger at Arecibo. However, this object is so small that Arecibo images at 7.5 m resolution may not spatially resolve it. 2014 UR will be observable by radar again in 2018, although only at Arecibo, and a detection then could show the effects of solar radiation pressure or the Yarkovsky effect on the asteroid's motion. 2014 UR will brighten to 18th magnitude for a few days around the closest apprach when it should be possible for optical observers to obtain lightcurves. This object is on NASA's NHATS list of potential human mission targets.
Orbital and Physical Characteristics
Provisional Designation 2014 UR
Asteroid number not numbered
Discoverer Catalina Sky Survey
Discovery date 2014 Oct 10
orbit type Aten
Close approach date 2015 Oct 18 2018 Apr 14
Close approach dist. 0.0098 au 0.0237 au
Close approach dist. 3.8 LD 9.2 LD
Close approach date 2015 Oct 18 2018 Apr 14
semimajor axis 0.999 au
eccentricity 0.013
inclination 8.2 deg
perihelion distance 0.986 au
aphelion distance 1.012 au
Tisserand parameter 6.076
absolute magnitude (H) 26.6
diameter 15 m +- a factor of two
optical albedo unknown
rotation period 2.37 h Warner et al., 2009 partial lightcurve; revised February 2015
NOTE: This may not be correct because Arecibo CW echoes from 2014 have a bandwidth
of 2 Hz, so if the diameter is ~15 m, then the rotation period is < 0.2 h.
Max. lightcurve amplitude 0.13 mag
pole direction unknown
spectral class unknown
Last update: 2015 October 15
2014 UR http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K14/K14U13.html
SNR Calculations
GOLDSTONE SNRs Assumptions: D = 0.015 km, P = 0.2 h, OC radar albedo = 0.1 WK DOY start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run 42 288 2015 Oct 15 07:47-13:35 65, -21 0.012 887 30 1 42 289 2015 Oct 16 06:42-13:55 61, -11 0.011 1157 54 2 42 290 2015 Oct 17 05:37-14:09 55, 0 0.010 1428 83 2 * 42 291 2015 Oct 18 04:33-14:15 49, +13 0.010 1651 100 3 43 292 2015 Oct 19 03:29-14:16 42, +26 0.010 1781 93 2 * 43 293 2015 Oct 20 02:27-14:10 34, +37 0.011 1813 71 2 * 43 294 2015 Oct 21 01:26-13:59 26, +45 0.012 1775 49 1 43 295 2015 Oct 22 00:28-13:45 19, +51 0.014 1698 32 1 Goldstone SNRs assume Ptx = 440 kW and Tsys = 18 K. ARECIBO SNRs WK DOY start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run 42 291 2015 Oct 18 04:48-07:16 50, +11 0.010 435 880 44 43 292 2015 Oct 19 04:10-06:47 43, +24 0.010 462 830 40 43 293 2015 Oct 20 04:10-05:37 35, +35 0.011 234 430 31 Assumptions: Ptx = 900 kW, Tsys = 23 K
Track Assignments
DOY BOA BOT EOT EOA 290 0510 0640 1100 1130 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2014 UR 292 0455 0625 1005 1035 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2014 UR 293 1020 1150 1410 1440 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2014 UR Goldstone tracks: UT UT PDT Duration Round-trip DOY Date TX Window TX Window hh:mm time (sec) 290 2015 Oct 17 0540 1100 2240-0400 Oct 16-17 5:20 10 292 2015 Oct 19 0525 1005 2225-0305 Oct 18-19 4:40 10 293 2015 Oct 20 1050 1410 0350-0710 Oct 20 3:20 11 Start times indicate when we have transmit authorization. Arecibo tracks: UT UT PDT Duration Round-trip Date TX Window TX Window hh:mm time (sec) Oct 19 0410-0647 2110-2347 Oct 18 2:37 10
Uncertainties
JPL/Horizons solution #14, # obs: 156 (2014-2015): Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta POS_3sigma DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig 2015-Oct-10 00:00 * 82.76084 -44.38691 0.02326366633421 0.692 0.13 0.48 0.000049 2015-Oct-11 00:00 *m 80.49695 -42.05501 0.02103356285536 0.745 0.14 0.50 0.000045 2015-Oct-12 00:00 *m 77.90299 -39.11602 0.01886132231776 0.809 0.14 0.52 0.000041 2015-Oct-13 00:00 *m 74.91760 -35.34699 0.01677361246715 0.885 0.15 0.55 0.000038 2015-Oct-14 00:00 *m 71.46991 -30.43731 0.01481053835559 0.972 0.16 0.59 0.000036 2015-Oct-15 00:00 *m 67.48097 -23.97896 0.01303296932750 1.070 0.17 0.62 0.000034 2015-Oct-16 00:00 *m 62.86830 -15.51932 0.01153145559655 1.168 0.17 0.63 0.000033 2015-Oct-17 00:00 *m 57.55582 -4.78553 0.01043012177470 1.247 0.16 0.58 0.000032 2015-Oct-18 00:00 *m 51.49168 7.84903 0.00986741355459 1.284 0.13 0.48 0.000031 2015-Oct-19 00:00 *m 44.67538 21.02440 0.00993754908481 1.263 0.12 0.42 0.000029 2015-Oct-20 00:00 *m 37.19037 32.94694 0.01062882688980 1.187 0.13 0.46 0.000025 2015-Oct-21 00:00 *m 29.22741 42.48788 0.01183246650019 1.078 0.14 0.50 0.000021 2015-Oct-22 00:00 *m 21.07531 49.51248 0.01341001664417 0.961 0.14 0.51 0.000017 2015-Oct-23 00:00 *m 13.06801 54.43967 0.01524422380493 0.851 0.14 0.50 0.000015 2015-Oct-24 00:00 *m 5.50781 57.80460 0.01725159525462 0.756 0.14 0.50 0.000015 2015-Oct-25 00:00 *m 358.60537 60.06788 0.01937646423590 0.676 0.13 0.49 0.000017 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - JPL/Horizons solution 13, # obs: 146 (1 delay, 1 Doppler) (14 days): Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. POS_3sigma DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig 2015-Oct-10 00:00 82.76621 -44.39933 31.096 1.91 6.96 0.000711 2015-Oct-11 00:00 80.49571 -42.06418 34.186 2.21 8.05 0.000786 2015-Oct-12 00:00 77.89351 -39.11956 37.837 2.57 9.36 0.000872 2015-Oct-13 00:00 74.89782 -35.34106 42.141 2.99 10.87 0.000972 2015-Oct-14 00:00 71.43730 -30.41588 47.144 3.41 12.40 0.001088 2015-Oct-15 00:00 67.43251 -23.93311 52.748 3.68 13.39 0.001218 2015-Oct-16 00:00 62.80057 -15.43769 58.532 3.46 12.56 0.001349 2015-Oct-17 00:00 57.46525 -4.65886 63.568 2.20 7.99 0.001456 2015-Oct-18 00:00 51.37515 8.01729 66.522 0.32 1.17 0.001493 2015-Oct-19 00:00 44.53118 21.21109 66.289 3.09 11.24 0.001430 2015-Oct-20 00:00 37.01943 33.12125 62.816 4.82 17.50 0.001282 2015-Oct-21 00:00 29.03420 42.63024 57.251 5.17 18.78 0.001098 2015-Oct-22 00:00 20.86769 49.61832 51.047 4.73 17.17 0.000917 2015-Oct-23 00:00 12.85565 54.51294 45.160 4.04 14.69 0.000758 2015-Oct-24 00:00 5.29992 57.85194 39.976 3.38 12.29 0.000623 2015-Oct-25 00:00 358.40892 60.09579 35.556 2.82 10.26 0.000511 ********************************************************************************************** Apparent Magnitudes, Solar Elongations, Lunar Elongations, and Lunar Illumination: Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(J2000.0)_DEC. APmag delta S-O-T /r T-O-M/Illu% 2015-Oct-07 00:00 87.96763 -49.12054 21.91 0.03010460009452 95.2152 /L 73.0/ 29.4 2015-Oct-08 00:00 86.40555 -47.83660 21.68 0.02778934756847 96.8413 /L 76.6/ 21.0 2015-Oct-09 00:00 84.64417 -46.29409 21.43 0.02549211252534 98.7503 /L 81.5/ 13.7 2015-Oct-10 00:00 82.64663 -44.41292 21.15 0.02322200026300 101.0219 /L 87.6/ 7.9 2015-Oct-11 00:00 80.36881 -42.08105 20.84 0.02099170307510 103.7651 /L 94.8/ 3.5 2015-Oct-12 00:00 77.75810 -39.14014 20.50 0.01881941440911 107.1302 /L 103.2/ 0.9 2015-Oct-13 00:00 74.75255 -35.36584 20.11 0.01673192338964 111.3235 /L 112.8/ 0.0 2015-Oct-14 00:00 71.28063 -30.44543 19.68 0.01476955400108 116.6189 /L 123.7/ 1.0 2015-Oct-15 00:00 67.26278 -23.96802 19.21 0.01299355967458 123.3434 /L 135.9/ 3.7 2015-Oct-16 00:00 62.61617 -15.47859 18.71 0.01149510671474 131.7620 /L 148.4/ 8.2 2015-Oct-17 00:00 57.26491 -4.70637 18.22 0.01039909511655 141.6750 /L 156.7/ 14.4 2015-Oct-18 00:00 51.15843 7.96260 17.83 0.00984440059919 151.4290 /L 150.9/ 22.0 2015-Oct-19 00:00 44.29916 21.14878 17.69 0.00992449349461 156.7202 /L 134.6/ 31.0 2015-Oct-20 00:00 36.77539 33.05124 17.91 0.01062583339734 154.2429 /L 116.4/ 41.0 2015-Oct-21 00:00 28.78378 42.55302 18.33 0.01183808998787 147.7064 /L 99.8/ 51.7 2015-Oct-22 00:00 20.61816 49.53504 18.79 0.01342233945179 140.9811 /T 85.7/ 62.6 2015-Oct-23 00:00 12.61426 54.42521 19.23 0.01526155865355 135.2319 /T 74.5/ 73.2 2015-Oct-24 00:00 5.07229 57.76150 19.62 0.01727266649834 130.5453 /T 66.3/ 82.9 2015-Oct-25 00:00 358.19821 60.00420 19.98 0.01940035765358 126.7492 /T 61.3/ 90.9 2015-Oct-26 00:00 352.08797 61.49714 20.30 0.02160826358851 123.6501 /T 59.7/ 96.6 2015-Oct-27 00:00 346.74754 62.48192 20.59 0.02387218795364 121.0875 /T 61.2/ 99.6 2015-Oct-28 00:00 342.12638 63.12322 20.85 0.02617568005793 118.9391 /T 65.1/ 99.5 2015-Oct-29 00:00 338.14720 63.53188 21.08 0.02850726494303 117.1135 /T 70.5/ 96.6 2015-Oct-30 00:00 334.72595 63.78222 21.30 0.03085871491278 115.5429 /T 76.7/ 91.2 2015-Oct-31 00:00 331.78266 63.92436 21.49 0.03322395725099 114.1763 /T 83.1/ 83.7 2015-Nov-01 00:00 329.24614 63.99235 21.68 0.03559837327527 112.9752 /T 89.2/ 74.9
Setups
CW setup: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TX polarization RCP RCV polarization LCP & RCP Frequency hops: no hopping Bandwidth: 5000 Hz TXoffset +500 Hz FFT for PFS files: 10,000 for 0.5 Hz resolution Ranging setups: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10-usec baud 10 usec code 127 PRP 1270 usec FFT 128 ncoh 1 bandwidth 787 Hz resolution 6.15 Hz TXOFF +100Hz (echo in col 81) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-usec baud 11 usec code 127 PRP 1397 usec FFT 128 ncoh 1 bandwidth 716 Hz resolution 5.6 Hz TXOFF +100 Hz (echo in bin 82) ---------------------------------------------------------------------
Instructions
NOTE: Data should be moved to the appropriate subdirectories in aardvark:/export/data0/2014ur/raw/
POINTING:
OSOD and predicts will be on aardvark: ...not available yet... POINTING TX Offsets Date (UTC) DOY hhmmss RA Dec Macro LHA Dec RTT OSOD ... to be added ... Transmit offsets are given in millidegrees.
PRDX.OUT.14f-14-14.?? TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14 RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA EL
2014UR GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG
============================================================================== Receive TX Setup hops dwell code ncoh FFT runs start -stop OSOD offset Poln Notes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412 Mail Stop 183-601 | FAX: (818) 393-4445 Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance.benner@jpl.nasa.gov California Institute of Technology | Plan: To live long and prosper Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2010NY65/2010NY65_planning.html
Asteroid Radar Astronomy
*************************************************************************************************************