2014 BA3 Goldstone Radar Observations Planning
2014 BA3 was discovered by the Mt. Lemmon Survey (Arizona) on January 21, 2014. It has an absolute magnitude of 28.3 suggesting a diameter within a factor of two of only 7 meters, but nothing else is known about its physical properties. This object is one of the best candidates ever discovered for NASA's new Asteroid Robotic Retrieval Mission, so we will try to detect echoes at Goldstone to improve the asteroid's orbit and to characterize its physical properties. The monostatic signal-to-noise ratios will be weak and we cannot guarantee that we will detect echoes, so we will also receive at the Green Bank Telescope in order to increase the SNRs by about a factor of three. Arecibo is offline due to damage experienced during an earthquake on 2014 January 13, so Goldstone provides our only chance to observe this asteroid with radar. 2014 BA3 will approach within 0.0151 AU on January 26. This object is at about 20th magnitude so it is a difficult target for observers using optical telescopes. Update: Observations at Green Bank on Jan. 28 have been cancelled. Monostatic observations that day will go forward. This object is on NASA's "NHATS" list of potential human mission targets. As a result, physical observations are particularly important.
Orbital and Physical Characteristics orbit type Aten semimajor axis 0.935 AU eccentricity 0.079 inclination 2.4 deg perihelion distance 0.861 AU aphelion distance 1.008 AU absolute magnitude (H) 28.8 diameter 7 m (+/- a factor of two) rotation period unknown pole direction unknown lightcurve amplitude unknown spectral class unknown Future Close-approaches: Date (CT) Body CA Dist MinDist MaxDist Vrel TCA3Sg Nsigs P_i/p ---------------------- ----- ------- ------- ------- ------ ------ ------ ------- A.D. 2014 Jan 26.09270 Earth .015100 .015059 .015140 2.233 20.57 561.98 .000000 A.D. 2023 Nov 14.83235 Earth .038481 .037257 .046067 2.601 5312.5 2316.6 .000000 A.D. 2035 Feb 12.18077 Earth .080650 .018799 .136025 4.706 492.63 27021. .000000 A.D. 2044 Nov 12.27144 Earth .043176 .039467 .060736 2.876 6968.5 2285.2 .000000 A.D. 2055 Dec 20.51421 Earth .033323 .032975 .055255 2.123 1.13E5 1506.2 .000000 NOTE: post-epoch CA list was truncated due to Earth TCA3Sg exceeding the set limit. Last update: 2014 January 27
M.P.E.C. 2014-B24 Issued 2014 Jan. 22, 21:24 UT The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets and routine data on comets. They are published on behalf of Commission 20 of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. Prepared using the Tamkin Foundation Computer Network MPC@CFA.HARVARD.EDU URL http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ ISSN 1523-6714 2014 BA3 Observations: K14B03A* C2014 01 21.31166 07 40 26.44 +21 53 24.9 20.2 VqEB024G96 K14B03A C2014 01 21.31721 07 40 19.75 +21 52 48.5 20.5 VqEB024G96 K14B03A C2014 01 21.32278 07 40 13.18 +21 52 12.2 20.1 VqEB024G96 K14B03A C2014 01 21.32834 07 40 06.37 +21 51 34.6 20.8 VqEB024G96 K14B03A C2014 01 21.42416 07 38 14.40 +21 40 29.0 20.4 VqEB024G96 K14B03A C2014 01 21.42466 07 38 13.83 +21 40 25.0 19.7 VqEB024G96 K14B03A C2014 01 21.42516 07 38 13.23 +21 40 21.5 19.6 VqEB024G96 K14B03A C2014 01 21.42565 07 38 12.66 +21 40 18.0 20.1 VqEB024G96 K14B03A KC2014 01 22.18671 07 25 56.84 +20 14 33.7 20.2 qEB024H21 K14B03A KC2014 01 22.19126 07 25 51.33 +20 14 02.6 20.4 qEB024H21 K14B03A KC2014 01 22.19705 07 25 44.31 +20 13 22.6 20.1 qEB024H21 K14B03A KC2014 01 22.20054 07 25 40.10 +20 12 58.6 20.4 qEB024H21 K14B03A KC2014 01 22.42305 07 21 23.40 +19 46 42.2 20.1 RoEB024291 K14B03A KC2014 01 22.42447 07 21 21.74 +19 46 31.1 19.8 RoEB024291 K14B03A KC2014 01 22.42591 07 21 20.09 +19 46 19.3 19.9 RoEB024291 Observer details: 291 LPL/Spacewatch II. Observer R. S. McMillan. 1.8-m f/2.7 reflector + CCD. G96 Mt. Lemmon Survey. Observer E. J. Christensen. Measurers A. Boattini, E. J. Christensen, A. R. Gibbs, A. D. Grauer, R. E. Hill, J. A. Johnson, R. A. Kowalski, S. M. Larson, F. C. Shelly. 1.5-m reflector + CCD. H21 Astronomical Research Observatory, Westfield. Observer R. Holmes. Measurers L. Buzzi, S. Foglia, T. Vorobjov, T. Linder, H. Devore. 0.81-m f/4.0 astrograph + CCD. Orbital elements: 2014 BA3 Earth MOID = 0.0102 AU Epoch 2013 Nov. 4.0 TT = JDT 2456600.5 MPC M 121.28902 (2000.0) P Q n 1.08787967 Peri. 336.56626 +0.13872323 +0.98972249 a 0.9363010 Node 301.39147 -0.90205634 +0.11181247 e 0.0760342 Incl. 2.33084 -0.40871778 +0.08914796 P 0.91 H 28.3 G 0.15 U 6 Residuals in seconds of arc 140121 G96 0.4+ 0.3+ 140121 G96 0.3+ 0.2- 140122 H21 0.2- 0.1- 140121 G96 0.3- 0.1+ 140121 G96 0.1- 0.1- 140122 H21 0.0 0.2+ 140121 G96 1.0+ 0.4+ 140121 G96 0.3- 0.1- 140122 291 0.1+ 0.1- 140121 G96 1.4- 0.5- 140122 H21 0.2+ 0.2- 140122 291 0.2- 0.2+ 140121 G96 0.4+ 0.1+ 140122 H21 0.0 0.1- 140122 291 0.0 0.1- Ephemeris: 2014 BA3 a,e,i = 0.94, 0.08, 2 q = 0.8651 Date TT R. A. (2000) Decl. Delta r Elong. Phase V 2013 12 23 10 49 53.9 +32 42 29 0.04873 1.0071 117.6 60.0 23.9 ... 2014 01 07 10 11 05.6 +31 48 31 0.02984 1.0061 139.2 39.7 22.3 ... 2014 01 15 09 08 11.6 +29 10 20 0.02113 1.0035 159.8 19.8 20.9 ... 2014 01 21 07 45 37.6 +22 27 29 0.01652 1.0005 173.5 6.4 19.9 2014 01 22 07 29 01.4 +20 39 18 0.01603 0.9999 169.0 10.8 20.0 2014 01 23 07 11 55.6 +18 38 42 0.01563 0.9993 163.9 15.8 20.1 ... 2014 01 29 05 30 40.2 +04 06 05 0.01556 0.9951 130.5 48.8 21.1 ... 2014 02 06 03 55 34.4 -11 06 03 0.02035 0.9884 96.0 82.9 22.7 ... 2014 02 21 02 28 11.5 -22 30 16 0.03408 0.9729 61.1 117.2 25.5 A. U. Tomatic (C) Copyright 2014 MPC M.P.E.C. 2014-B24
2014 BA3 D = 7 meters P = 0.5 h (an educated guess) OC albedo = 0.1 (a relatively conservative lower bound) SNRs for MONOSTATIC observations at DSS-14: w DOY start date start stop RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run 4 022 2014 Jan 22 01:55-12:15 111, +20 0.016 1200 13 0 4 023 2014 Jan 23 01:40-11:50 107, +18 0.016 1207 14 0 4 024 2014 Jan 24 01:25-11:20 103, +16 0.015 1204 15 0 4 025 2014 Jan 25 01:10-10:55 98, +13 0.015 1191 15 0 4 026 2014 Jan 26 00:55-10:25 94, +11 0.015 1167 15 0 5 027 2014 Jan 27 00:40-10:00 90, +8 0.015 1134 15 0 5 028 2014 Jan 28 00:30-09:35 86, +6 0.015 1094 14 0 5 029 2014 Jan 29 00:15-09:05 82, +4 0.016 1047 13 0 5 030 2014 Jan 30 00:05-08:40 78, +1 0.016 996 11 0 5 030-031 2014 Jan 30-31 23:55-08:20 75, -1 0.016 943 10 0 SNRs for BISTATIC Goldstone-Greeen Bank Observations: (these use 20 degree horizons at Goldstone) w DOY start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run 4 022 2014 Jan 22 01:54-12:17 111, +20 0.016 1200 38 1 4 023 2014 Jan 23 01:38-11:51 107, +18 0.016 1207 41 1 4 024 2014 Jan 24 01:23-11:24 103, +16 0.015 1204 44 1 4 025 2014 Jan 25 01:08-10:57 98, +13 0.015 1191 45 1 4 026 2014 Jan 26 00:54-10:29 94, +11 0.015 1167 45 1 4 027 2014 Jan 27 00:40-10:02 90, +8 0.015 1134 44 1 5 028 2014 Jan 28 00:27-09:35 86, +6 0.015 1094 41 1 5 029 2014 Jan 29 00:14-09:09 82, +4 0.016 1047 38 1 5 030 2014 Jan 30 00:03-08:44 78, +1 0.016 996 34 1 5 030-031 2014 Jan 30 23:52-08:20 75, -1 0.016 943 29 1 5 031-032 2014 Jan 31 23:42-07:57 72, -3 0.017 889 25 1 5 032-033 2014 Feb 01 23:32-07:35 69, -5 0.018 837 22 1 5 033-034 2014 Feb 02 23:23-07:14 66, -7 0.018 786 18 1 6 034-035 2014 Feb 03 23:15-06:54 63, -8 0.019 738 15 1 6 035-036 2014 Feb 04 23:07-06:35 61, -10 0.020 693 13 1 Green Bank can track down to elevations of 5 degrees. Goldstone SNRs assume Ptx = 450 kW Arecibo SNRs Here's what we could have done had Arecibo not been damaged by the earthquake: start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run 2014 Jan 22 02:27-05:11 112, +20 0.016 332 100 6 2014 Jan 23 02:07-04:50 108, +18 0.016 314 110 7 2014 Jan 24 01:46-04:28 103, +16 0.015 328 120 7 2014 Jan 25 01:27-04:04 99, +14 0.015 319 130 7 2014 Jan 26 01:10-03:40 95, +11 0.015 305 120 7 2014 Jan 27 00:54-03:14 91, +9 0.015 284 120 7 2014 Jan 28 00:41-02:47 86, +6 0.015 256 100 7 2014 Jan 29 00:31-02:19 83, +4 0.016 219 87 7 2014 Jan 30 00:25-01:48 79, +2 0.016 168 61 5 2014 Jan 31 00:28-01:09 75, -1 0.016 78 32 4 After Jan. 31, 2014 BA3 moves too far south for Arecibo to track.
DAY BOA BOT EOT EOA FACILITY USER 027 0150 0320 0610 0640 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2014 BA3 028 0145 0315 0830 0900 DSS-14 GSSR AST 2014 BA3 Goldstone tracks: UT UT PST Duration Round-trip SNR/ DOY Date TX Window TX Window hh:mm time (sec) Run --- ---- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---- 027 Jan 27 0220-0610 1820-2210 Jan 26 3:50 15 1 for bistatic reception at Green Bank 028 Jan 28 0220-0830 1820-0030 Jan 27-28 6:10 15 <1 monostatic at Goldstone We cancelled the Jan. 28 observations at Green Bank (no echo on Jan. 27). The Jan. 28 observations will be monostatic. Arecibo tracks: ...Arecibo is offline due to damage sustained during an earthquake on January 13...
From Jon Giorgini, 2014 Jan. 27: Nine new optical measurements were reported last night. Now with 49 total (Jan 21-26), orbit solution #11 was estimated. DSS-14 predict files were updated on aardvark, s9 relocated to the /OLD sub-directory. Formal 3-sigma X-band uncertainties for s11: Date__(UT)__HR:MN POS_3sigma DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig 2014-Jan-28 01:00 1.586 24.55 0.014932 2014-Jan-28 03:00 1.607 25.36 0.014951 2014-Jan-28 05:00 1.654 26.17 0.014972 2014-Jan-28 07:00 1.741 26.98 0.014993 2014-Jan-28 09:00 1.845 27.82 0.015015 Differencing s11-s9: TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14 RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA s11:2014 JAN 28 01:00 15.2443822303 -2018.022 298.6035 6.3889 86.731 s09:2014 JAN 28 01:00 15.2463200607 -2022.355 298.6034 6.3889 86.731 ------------- --------- -0.0019378304 4.333 So a -1938 usec shift in delay, +4.3 Hz shift in Doppler, and sub-arcsecond change in pointing, for s11 relative to s9. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - From Jon Giorgini, 2014 Jan. 26: Based on 40 optical measurements (Jan 21-25), 2014 BA3 orbit solution #9 was estimated. OSOD set-up on aardvark has been updated. Formal 3-sigma X-band uncertainties: Date__(UT)__HR:MN POS_3sigma DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2014-Jan-27 01:00 1.689 20.61 0.016971 2014-Jan-27 03:00 1.759 21.34 0.016984 2014-Jan-27 05:00 1.873 22.07 0.016999 2014-Jan-27 07:00 2.037 22.85 0.017014 2014-Jan-27 09:00 2.212 23.70 0.017030 >..... Elevation Cut-off Requested .....< 2014-Jan-28 01:00 2.836 30.80 0.017192 2014-Jan-28 03:00 2.965 31.63 0.017216 2014-Jan-28 05:00 3.127 32.48 0.017241 2014-Jan-28 07:00 3.316 33.36 0.017267 2014-Jan-28 09:00 3.499 34.32 0.017293 Differencing s9-s5: TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14 RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA s9: 2014 JAN 27 01:00 15.0885983796 9306.096 293.5093 8.9110 90.840 s5: 2014 JAN 27 01:00 15.1023439567 9303.037 293.5100 8.9106 90.839 ------------- -------- -0.0137455771 3.059 ... a 13746 usec, 3.1 Hz shift, ~4 arcsecond shift going from s5 to s9. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - From Horizons, 2014 Jan 24, Solution 5, # obs: 24 (2 days) Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta POS_3sigma DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig 2014-Jan-25 00:00 * 99.60553 13.98432 0.01516294712903 7.954 29.11 105.82 0.040373 2014-Jan-26 00:00 * 95.27033 11.52722 0.01509398350377 15.226 24.66 89.63 0.040158 2014-Jan-27 00:00 * 91.02296 9.01083 0.01513769995170 24.623 22.93 83.32 0.040294 * 2014-Jan-28 00:00 * 86.91049 6.48925 0.01529125123286 35.670 24.50 89.05 0.040764 * 2014-Jan-29 00:00 * 82.97108 4.01323 0.01554926704254 47.808 28.61 103.98 0.041545 2014-Jan-30 00:00 *m 79.23248 1.62556 0.01590430513459 60.471 33.98 123.50 0.042610 2014-Jan-31 00:00 *m 75.71183 -0.64165 0.01634747381354 73.152 39.70 144.29 0.043927 2014-Feb-01 00:00 *m 72.41648 -2.76764 0.01686911415177 85.449 45.27 164.52 0.045469 2014-Feb-02 00:00 *m 69.34556 -4.74202 0.01745943742605 97.087 50.43 183.28 0.047209 2014-Feb-03 00:00 *m 66.49182 -6.56274 0.01810904004977 107.899 55.08 200.19 0.049120 2014-Feb-04 00:00 *m 63.84358 -8.23384 0.01880925796166 117.813 59.19 215.13 0.051180 2014-Feb-05 00:00 *m 61.38649 -9.76326 0.01955236237838 126.826 62.78 228.18 0.053369 2014-Feb-06 00:00 *m 59.10488 -11.16116 0.02033162685742 134.973 65.89 239.47 0.055669 =================================================================== Apparent Magnitudes, Solar Elongations, Lunar Elongations, and Lunar Illumination: Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta APmag S-O-T /r T-O-M/Illu% 2014-Jan-25 00:00 99.47016 14.07566 0.01516761335976 20.45 152.9269 /T 124.9/ 41.8 2014-Jan-26 00:00 95.13577 11.61719 0.01510077231177 20.60 147.2475 /T 142.1/ 31.2 2014-Jan-27 00:00 90.89106 9.09968 0.01514656143277 20.76 141.5688 /T 158.5/ 21.2 2014-Jan-28 00:00 86.78291 6.57728 0.01530208847406 20.94 135.9711 /T 167.2/ 12.5 2014-Jan-29 00:00 82.84915 4.10069 0.01556194480702 21.12 130.5244 /T 156.2/ 5.7 2014-Jan-30 00:00 79.11717 1.71261 0.01591866151130 21.31 125.2842 /T 139.0/ 1.5 2014-Jan-31 00:00 75.60378 -0.55495 0.01636333256411 21.52 120.2900 /T 121.2/ 0.2 2014-Feb-01 00:00 72.31603 -2.68133 0.01688629580144 21.72 115.5647 /T 103.5/ 2.0 2014-Feb-02 00:00 69.25280 -4.65619 0.01747776790170 21.93 111.1173 /T 86.5/ 6.6 2014-Feb-03 00:00 66.40665 -6.47753 0.01812835648715 22.14 106.9450 /T 70.5/ 13.6 2014-Feb-04 00:00 63.76576 -8.14940 0.01882941192109 22.35 103.0370 /T 55.9/ 22.2 2014-Feb-05 00:00 61.31570 -9.67976 0.01957322103167 22.56 99.3774 /T 43.3/ 31.8 2014-Feb-06 00:00 59.04075 -11.07873 0.02035307278199 22.76 95.9472 /T 33.9/ 41.9 2014-Feb-07 00:00 56.92492 -12.35738 0.02116323651773 22.96 92.7268 /T 29.8/ 52.1 2014-Feb-08 00:00 54.95264 -13.52682 0.02199889025212 23.16 89.6964 /T 32.2/ 61.8 2014-Feb-09 00:00 53.10917 -14.59766 0.02285602673202 23.36 86.8372 /T 39.5/ 70.9 2014-Feb-10 00:00 51.38083 -15.57977 0.02373135468800 23.56 84.1321 /T 49.1/ 79.1 2014-Feb-11 00:00 49.75512 -16.48208 0.02462220454504 23.75 81.5650 /T 59.8/ 86.2 2014-Feb-12 00:00 48.22069 -17.31255 0.02552644250676 23.94 79.1217 /T 71.0/ 92.0 2014-Feb-13 00:00 46.76739 -18.07821 0.02644239385808 24.13 76.7896 /T 82.4/ 96.2 2014-Feb-14 00:00 45.38616 -18.78519 0.02736877480924 24.31 74.5574 /T 93.7/ 98.9 2014-Feb-15 00:00 44.06898 -19.43883 0.02830463178275 24.50 72.4154 /T 104.9/ 99.8
We don't know anything about the spin state of 2004 BA3, but if it's similar to other tiny asteroids, it could have a rapid rotation period in the realm of only ten minutes. If so, then the bandwidth could be roughly 4 Hz. CW setup: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TX polarization RCP RCV polarization LCP & RCP Frequency hops: no hops (+0.5 kHz offset) Bandwidth: 4000 Hz Sampling interval: 2500 x 0.1 usec PFS FFT: : 4000 for 1.0 Hz res Ranging setups: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10-usec baud 10 usec code 127 PRP 1270 usec FFT 128 ncoh 1 bandwidth 787 Hz resolution 6.15 Hz TXOFF +100Hz (echo in bin 64+16=80) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-usec baud 11 usec code 127 PRP 1397 usec FFT 128 ncoh 1 bandwidth 716 Hz resolution 5.6 Hz TXOFF +100 Hz (echo in bin 64+18=82) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-usec baud 1 usec code 127 FFT 512 ncoh 128 bandwidth 61.3 Hz resolution 0.12 Hz TXOFF +8 Hz -> echo would be centered at 256 + 67=323 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.25-usec ranging baud 0.25 usec code 255 FFT 128 ncoh 16 bandwidth 980 Hz resolution 7.7 Hz TXOFF +80 Hz -> echo would be centered at 64 + 10 = 74 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.125-usec ranging baud 0.125 usec code 255 FFT 128 ncoh 32 bandwidth 980 Hz resolution 7.7 Hz TXOFF +80 Hz -> echo would be centered at 64 + 10 = 74 _____________________________________________________________________ POSSIBLE RANGING SETUPS: (code=127, FFT=64, single-pol'n) These are from JX, w/ max-band (min-acc) options from Ray Jurgens. Currently configured for 5-sec records. _______________________________________________________________________ Setup Baud RP 1-acc 1-acc usec m usec band res acc band res _______________________________________________________________________ JX1XS110 11.000 1650 1397.0 715.8 11.2 2 358 5.6 JX1XS070 7.000 1050 889.0 1124.9 17.6 3 375 5.9 JX1XS020 2.000 300 254.0 3937.0 61.5 12 328 5.1 4 984 15.4 JX1XS010 1.000 150 127.0 7874.0 123.0 41 192 3.0 8 984 15.4 JX1XS005 0.500 75 63.5 15748.0 246.1 123 128 2.0 15 1050 16.4 JX1XS002 0.250 37.5 31.75 31496.1 492.1 492 64 1.0 30 1050 16.4 JX1XS001 0.125 18.75 15.875 62992.1 984.3 1970 32 0.5 60 1050 16.4 ____________________________________________________________________
OSOD and predicts are aardvark: Monostatic with the new waveform generator: /export/data3/osod/ops/2014ba3/PRDX.OUT.14v-14-14.s?? /PUNCH.OUT.14v-14-14.s?? /EPH.OUT.s?? ...We also need bistatic Goldstone-Green Bank predicts... POINTING TX Offsets Date (UTC) DOY hhmmss RA Dec Macro LHA Dec RTT OSOD ... to be added later ... Transmit offsets are given in millidegrees.
PRDX.OUT.14f-14-14.s?? ...not available yet...
2014 BA3 GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG
============================================================================== Receive TX Setup hops dwell code ncoh FFT runs start -stop OSOD offset Poln Notes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412 Mail Stop 183-610 | FAX: (818) 393-4445 Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance.benner@jpl.nasa.gov California Institute of Technology | Plan: To live long and prosper Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2014BA3/2014BA3_planning.html