2012 DA14 Goldstone Radar Observations Planning


Goldstone Radar Images of 2012 DA14

Sequence of Goldstone radar images of 2012 DA14 from February 16.  The images
span the interval from 00:46 - 08:35 UT; that is, about 7.8 h.  Each frame has
a resolution of 3.75 m x 0.0125 Hz and is an integration of 320 seconds. 
Range increases downward and Doppler frequency increases to the right so 
rotation is counterclockwise.  The images reveal rotation by the asteroid and
show bandwidth fluctuations of about a factor of two, suggesting that the asteroid
has an aspect ratio close to 2:1.  The visible range extents also vary by a 
factor of two, and if the true extents are double the visible extents, which
would be true for a sphere, then the dimensions are roughly 40 x 20 meters.
The asteroid nearly completes one full rotation, indicating that the rotation
period is somewhat longer than 8 hours.


This figure shows the same data displayed above but in a different way. Here the widest part 
of each frame from above has been extracted and then the entire sequence has been stacked
vertically.  This shows the pronounced bandwidth variations (aka the Doppler broadening) as
2012 DA14 spins.  In this figure, time increases downward and Doppler frequency increases 
toward the right.  The frequency resolution is 0.0125 Hz.


Background


2012 DA14 was discovered by the La Sagra Sky Survey in Spain on February 23, 2012.
This object will make an extremely close approach to within 0.00023 AU of the center of Earth at 
19:24 UT (11:24 AM PST) on February 15, 2013.  That is only 0.09 lunar distances or 5.4 Earth
radii from the center of the Earth.  The close approach will be about 27700 km above Earth's
surface.  That's inside the distance to geosynchronous satellites but thousands of kilometers
above the elevation for low-Earth-orbit spacecraft such as the International Space Station.
At the time of closest approach, the asteroid will move about 0.8 degrees per minute.

This is the closest flyby by something this large that has ever been identified in advance.

The uncertainties in plane-of-sky position, Doppler frequency, and time delay will grow dramatically
during the approach, but even so, this object cannot impact Earth during this encounter.

2012 DA14's absolute magnitude of 24.4 suggests a diameter within a factor of two of about 50 meters.
Nick Moskovitz (MIT) reported that he obtained lightcurves and
spectroscopy shortly after 2012 DA14 was discovered.  The asteroid has a rotation period of about 6 hours
and it's an L-class object, hinting that it has an optical albedo of about 0.2.  The lightcurve
amplitude is close to one magnitude, so the shape is probably elongated.  Nothing else is known 
about this object.

Due to the extremely close approach, this object will be a very strong radar target at Goldstone
and we plan to image it with the highest resolution available (3.75 meters) from the chirp system.
The round-trip time on the first track on Feb. 16 is so short that observations on that day
will be bistatic with reception of radar echoes at DSS-13.  The images should provide constraints
on the size, shape, and rotation state of the object, but 2012 DA14 is so small that the images are
unlikely to reveal fine-scale features on the surface. 

2012 DA14 will approach from the south and will enter Goldstone's declination window on February 16, 2013,
shortly after the closest approach.  Afterward it will be a circumpolar object as it recedes from Earth.

Radar observations at Goldstone are scheduled on 2013 Feb. 16, 18, 19, and 20.

We need additional astrometry to improve the orbit.  As a result, below we list circumstances for optical
observations starting many months before the encounter in order to help facilitate observations
by optical observers.  The apparent magnitudes will be fainter than 22nd until until the beginning of
February, but the solar elongation will be only about 60 degrees, so obtaining optical astrometry
will be challenging.  In addition, the asteroid will be at far southern declinations until Feb. 15
when it will move from about -75 deg to +75 deg in only a few hours.   

This object will not be observable at Arecibo.

2012 DA14 will brighten to about 7th magnitude at the time of the closest approach, when observers
in Asia might be able to see it with binoculars and small telescopes.  Doing so will require 
knowing very precisely where to look and will require a site-specific ephemeris due to parallax.

2012 DA14 is too small to be classified as a "Potentially Hazardous Asteroid" (PHA) by the Minor
Planet Center.  

Due to the very close flyby, the asteroid's orbit will change and its semimajor axis will shrink
to slightly less than 1 AU and its orbital period will also diminish to slightly less than 1 year.

The 2013 flyby is the closest over the entire time span that the motion can be computed reliably;
namely, the interval between 1851-2149.

Radar observations are also planned by other researchers at the EISCAT radar near Tromso, Norway
starting at 20:00 UT on Feb. 15 and at the Haystack Observatory in Massachusetts starting at 22:00 UT
on Feb. 15.  Goldstone observations start at 03:00 UT on Feb. 16, several hours after observations
begin at the other radars.

Orbital and Physical Characteristics  
Prior to the close approach:
 orbit type               Apollo
 semimajor axis           1.002 AU     
 eccentricity             0.108
 inclination              10.4 deg       
 perihelion distance      0.893 AU     
 aphelion distance        1.110 AU     
 orbital period           368 days

After the close approach:
  orbit type              Aten
  semimajor axis          0.910 AU
  eccentricity            0.090
  inclination             11.6 deg
  perihelion distance     0.829 AU
  aphelion distance       0.992 AU
  orbital period          317 days

 absolute magnitude (H)   24.1
 diameter                ~50 meters (+- a factor of two) 
 rotation period         ~6 h     N. Moskovitz, pers. comm.  Prior to the flyby
 rotation period         >8 h     based on radar imaging after the flyby
 pole direction           unknown 
 lightcurve amplitude    ~1 mag   N. Moskovitz, pers. comm.
 spectral class           Ld      N. Moskovitz, pers. comm.

Last update: 2013 February 27

Discovery MPEC

M.P.E.C. 2012-D51                                Issued 2012 Feb. 24, 01:59 UT

     The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual
         minor planets and routine data on comets.  They are published
   on behalf of Commission 20 of the International Astronomical Union by the
          Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory,
                          Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.

             Prepared using the Tamkin Foundation Computer Network

                              MPC@CFA.HARVARD.EDU
            URL http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/    ISSN 1523-6714

                                   2012 DA14

Observations:
     K12D14A* C2012 02 23.02780 14 49 37.10 +38 33 45.1          18.9 VrED051J75
     K12D14A  C2012 02 23.03431 14 49 34.73 +38 35 21.2          18.6 VrED051J75
     K12D14A  C2012 02 23.04082 14 49 32.44 +38 36 57.9          19.0 VrED051J75
     K12D14A KC2012 02 23.06785314 49 22.37 +38 43 49.0          18.5 VrED051J75
     K12D14A KC2012 02 23.07087514 49 21.24 +38 44 34.1          18.7 VrED051J75
     K12D14A KC2012 02 23.07389314 49 20.05 +38 45 20.0          18.6 VrED051J75
     K12D14A KC2012 02 23.09374614 49 12.39 +38 50 16.1          18.7 VrED051J75
     K12D14A KC2012 02 23.09629514 49 11.38 +38 50 54.0          18.8 VrED051J75
     K12D14A KC2012 02 23.09792 14 49 08.92 +38 50 50.3          19.3 VvED051I93
     K12D14A KC2012 02 23.09882414 49 10.38 +38 51 31.2          18.6 VrED051J75
     K12D14A KC2012 02 23.10708 14 49 05.35 +38 53 04.4          19.7 VvED051I93
     K12D14A KC2012 02 23.11699 14 49 01.45 +38 55 29.8          19.9 VvED051I93
     K12D14A KC2012 02 23.12563 14 48 58.05 +38 57 35.7          19.4 VvED051I93
     K12D14A  C2012 02 23.30429 14 48 19.06 +39 38 35.1          18.7 RcED051854
     K12D14A  C2012 02 23.30801 14 48 17.87 +39 39 29.3          19.1 RcED051854
     K12D14A  C2012 02 23.31174 14 48 16.56 +39 40 23.4          18.7 RcED051854
     K12D14A {C2012 02 23.52361714 46 52.607+40 29 24.33         18.9 RtED051695
     K12D14A {C2012 02 23.52549214 46 51.804+40 29 48.48         18.6 RtED051695
     K12D14A {C2012 02 23.52737314 46 51.045+40 30 13.20         18.5 RtED051695
     K12D14A KC2012 02 24.02673614 44 51.05 +42 12 49.0          18.6 VrED051J75
     K12D14A KC2012 02 24.02867814 44 50.44 +42 13 13.5          18.8 VrED051J75
     K12D14A KC2012 02 24.03105714 44 49.56 +42 13 44.5          18.7 VrED051J75

Observer details:
695 Kitt Peak.  Observer T. Vorobjov.  1.3-m f/13 Cassegrain + CCD.
854 Sabino Canyon Observatory, Tucson.  Observer J. E. McGaha.  0.36-m f/10.0
    Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD.
I93 St Pardon de Conques.  Observer F. Losse.  0.40-m f/5.0 reflector + CCD.
J75 OAM Observatory, La Sagra.  Observers S. Sanchez, J. Nomen, M. Hurtado,
    J. A. Jaume, W. K. Y. Yeung, P. Rios, F. Serra, F. Serra TEL 0. 45-m
    f/2. 8 reflector.  0.45-m f/2.8 reflector + CCD.

Orbital elements:
2012 DA14                                                Earth MOID = 0.0002 AU
Epoch 2012 Mar. 14.0 TT = JDT 2456000.5                 MPC
M 103.32879              (2000.0)            P               Q
n   0.98299208     Peri.  271.10866     +0.51514870     -0.85159843
a   1.0017731      Node   147.29585     +0.84032283     +0.47954750
e   0.1082261      Incl.   10.33843     +0.16875831     +0.21169391
P   1.00           H   24.4           G   0.15           U   7
Residuals in seconds of arc
120223 J75  0.4+  3.3+    120223 I93  0.3-  0.3+    120223 695  0.1+  0.1-
120223 J75  0.2-  0.0     120223 J75  0.2-  0.6-    120223 695  0.0   0.3-
120223 J75  0.4+  2.5-    120223 I93  0.3-  0.3-    120223 695  0.3+  0.0
120223 J75  0.3-  0.3-    120223 I93  0.3-  0.0     120224 J75  0.3-  0.1-
120223 J75  0.1-  0.6-    120223 I93  0.0   0.1-    120224 J75  0.2+  0.4-
120223 J75  0.5-  0.0     120223 854  0.3+  1.1+    120224 J75  0.5-  0.2+
120223 J75  0.1-  0.3-    120223 854  1.0+  0.8+
120223 J75  0.1-  0.3-    120223 854  0.5+  0.4+

Ephemeris:
2012 DA14                a,e,i = 1.00, 0.11, 10                  q = 0.8934
Date    TT    R. A. (2000) Decl.     Delta      r     Elong.  Phase     V
2012 01 25    22 01 14.2 -78 22 31   0.07693 0.9486    60.2   115.7    23.3
...
2012 02 09    16 57 49.8 -67 19 14   0.03016 0.9753    67.6   110.8    21.0
...
2012 02 17    15 25 10.9 -05 42 24   0.01759 0.9903    97.0    82.0    18.5
...
2012 02 23    14 49 27.2 +38 28 06   0.02880 1.0015   114.4    64.1    19.0
2012 02 24    14 44 41.5 +42 08 14   0.03157 1.0034   115.3    63.1    19.1
2012 02 25    14 40 09.4 +45 11 15   0.03446 1.0052   115.9    62.4    19.3
...
2012 03 02    14 16 26.6 +55 52 09   0.05301 1.0163   117.0    60.4    20.2
...
2012 03 10    13 50 39.3 +61 21 25   0.07882 1.0305   116.3    59.7    21.1
...
2012 03 25    13 12 08.4 +63 24 11   0.1269  1.0552   114.0    59.7    22.2

A. U. Tomatic                (C) Copyright 2012 MPC           M.P.E.C. 2012-D51


SNR Calculation

Target Name: 2012 DA14

D =         50 meters  An educated guess based on the spectral class
Period =    6 h      
OC albedo = 0.1        A standard guess; many NEAs are more reflective than this.
Horizons = 30 deg because this object is circumpolar
The numbers below used solution 35.  Subsequent solutions do not change the distances significantly.
                                                      #        SNR/       SNR/ 
week DOY start date    window       RA, dec   dist   runs      Date        RTT
 7   47  2013 Feb 16  03:32-06:39   302, +87  0.004  12033     440000     4200  Bistatic due to short RTT; also radar speckle
 7   48  2013 Feb 17  08:00-05:26   323, +85  0.007   5681      25000      360  ...not scheduled due to a conflict...
 8   49  2013 Feb 18  09:49-05:10   326, +84  0.011   3319       4900       89  Monostatic and bistatic
 8   50  2013 Feb 19  10:13-05:00   328, +83  0.014   2407       1500       33  Monostatic only
 8   51  2013 Feb 20  10:22-04:53   329, +83  0.018   1895        640       15  Monostatic only   CANCELLED
 8   52  2013 Feb 21  10:26-04:47   329, +83  0.022   1564        310        8
 8   53  2013 Feb 22  10:27-04:42   330, +83  0.025   1333        170        5
 8   54  2013 Feb 23  10:27-04:37   330, +83  0.029   1162         99        3
 8   55  2013 Feb 24  10:25-04:32   330, +83  0.032   1031         62        2

The SNRs above assume _monostatic_ observations.  

The table above assumes zero time between switching from transmit to receive.  Observations
on Feb. 16 will have to be bistatic; on subsequent dates, the distance is large enough for
monostatic observations.
 
Goldstone SNRs assume Ptx = 435 kW 

This is a circumpolar object at Goldstone, so the horizons in the table above were set = 30 degrees
instead of the usual value of 20 degrees.

This object will be too far south for Goldstone to detect prior to Feburary 16.

Using 20 degree horizons with solution 35, 2012 DA14 will rise at 00:07 on Feb. 16 and remain
above the horizon at Goldstone until after it's too distant for Goldstone to detect.

If we set horizons = zero degrees, then 2012 DA14 will rise above the horizon at 
Goldstone on Feb. 15 around 21:41 UT at a declination of +54 deg and at a distance of 0.0004 AU.

Track Assignments


Goldstone tracks:

 DOY BOA  BOT  EOT  EOA
 046 2240 0010 0835 0905  DSS-14  GSSR   AST 2012 DA14    This start time has shifted almost 3 hours earlier.
 049 0820 0950 1420 1450  DSS-14  GSSR   AST 2012 DA14  
 050 0845 1015 1530 1600  DSS-14  GSSR   AST 2012 DA14  
 051 0855 1025 1305 1335  DSS-14  GSSR   AST 2012 DA14   CANCELLED DUE TO LOW SNRS AND THE NARROW BANDWIDTH

            UT        UT          PST                  Duration   Round-trip     
Week  DOY   Date      TX Window   TX Window            hh:mm      time (sec)   
----  ---   ----      ---------   ---------            --------   ---------    
 7    47    Feb 16    0010-0835   1610-0035 Feb 15-16   8:25      0.8 - 2.1    Radar speckle from 0730-0800 UT
 7    48    Feb 17    ...No track...
 8    49    Feb 18    0835-1420   0035-0620 Feb 18      5:45      9.2 - 10.1  
 8    50    Feb 19    0900-1530   0100-0730 Feb 19      6:30     12.9 - 13.8
 8    51    Feb 20    0910-1305   0110-0505 Feb 20      4:55     16.4 - 17.0   CANCELLED


Note that the RTTs on Feb. 16 are significantly shorter than those indicated
in the SNR table above, so the echoes will be MUCH stronger.
On other dates, the asteroid will be in the beam as soon as we get the telescope, so the
start times correspond to 15 minutes after BOA.


EISCAT (near Tromso, Norway)
week  DOY   Date
7     47-48 Feb 15-16 2000-0800   1200-0000 Feb 15-16  
EISCAT will start observing well before Goldstone when the SNRs will be much stronger.


Haystack (Massachusetts)
7     47-48 Feb 15-16 2200-0835   1400-0035 Feb 15-16   End time is an educated guess.
Haystack will use multiple antennas transmitting at 440 MHz (46 m) and 10 GHz (37 m) 
and also receiving at 18 and possibly 17 m antennas.  At least one Haystack antenna will
also eavesdrop on Goldstone transmissions.  Haystack will start observing well before Goldstone
when the SNRs will be much stronger.


Allen Telescope Array:
The SETI Institute's Allen Array may try to eavesdrop on Goldstone transmissions.


Arecibo:
This object is not observable from Arecibo: it moves through Arecibo's declination window 
very rapidly when it will be below the horizon from Arecibo.  By the time Earth rotates around,
2012 DA14 will be too far north for Arecibo to track it.


Uncertainties

From Jon Giorgini, 2012 Feb 17:

Based on 370 optical measurements (2012-Feb-23 to 2013-Feb-15 21:01)
and the two Dopplers in the ADD file, 2012 DA14 orbit solution #57 was
estimated. OSOD and predicts for Feb 18-19 were updated on aardvark.

Formal 3-sigma X-band uncertainties for .s57 (2 hour intervals):

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN  POS_3sigma   DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig
 2013-Feb-18 00:00       1.956         0.48       0.000017
 2013-Feb-18 02:00       1.955         0.45       0.000018
 2013-Feb-18 04:00       1.954         0.45       0.000018
 2013-Feb-18 06:00       1.953         0.50       0.000018
 2013-Feb-18 08:00       1.952         0.57       0.000019
 2013-Feb-18 10:00       1.951         0.66       0.000019
 2013-Feb-18 12:00       1.950         0.73       0.000020
 2013-Feb-18 14:00       1.949         0.76       0.000020
 2013-Feb-18 16:00       1.948         0.76       0.000021
 2013-Feb-18 18:00       1.947         0.71       0.000022
 2013-Feb-18 20:00       1.946         0.64       0.000022
 2013-Feb-18 22:00       1.946         0.56       0.000023
 2013-Feb-19 00:00       1.945         0.49       0.000023

There are only a few optical measurements reported after the
close approach (so far)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

From Jon Giorgini, 2013 Feb 15:

Including this morning's newly reported astrometry
(now 345 optical measurements 2012-Feb-23 to 2013-Feb-15),
2012 DA14 orbit solution #51 was estimated and OSOD
updated on aardvark.

Formal 3-sigma X-band .s51 uncertainties:

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN  POS_3sigma   DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig
 2013-Feb-16 00:00      19.707         9.26       0.000093
 2013-Feb-16 01:00      15.876         6.64       0.000096
 2013-Feb-16 02:00      13.442         5.38       0.000098
 2013-Feb-16 03:00      11.809         4.70       0.000100
 2013-Feb-16 04:00      10.666         4.30       0.000101
 2013-Feb-16 05:00       9.842         4.04       0.000102
 2013-Feb-16 06:00       9.234         3.87       0.000103
 2013-Feb-16 07:00       8.776         3.76       0.000104
 2013-Feb-16 08:00       8.425         3.69       0.000105
 2013-Feb-16 09:00       8.153         3.66       0.000106

- - - - - - - - - - 

JPL/HORIZONS                     (2012 DA14)               2013-Feb-15 09:00:57
Rec #:728624 (+COV)   Soln.date: 2013-Feb-15_06:50:03    # obs: 348 (2012-2013)
Solution 49:

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(J2000.0)_DEC.            delta POS_3sigma  DOP_S_3sig  DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig
 2013-Feb-15 09:00      12.87857 -78.65042 0.00169699856254      1.003        1.08        3.94       0.000090
 2013-Feb-15 10:00      15.87687 -79.33298 0.00154533440333      1.101        1.09        3.97       0.000091
 2013-Feb-15 11:00      20.27678 -80.20917 0.00139306655491      1.275        1.10        3.99       0.000092
 2013-Feb-15 12:00      27.08567 -81.30918 0.00124033407069      1.607        1.10        4.00       0.000092
 2013-Feb-15 13:00      38.63756 -82.60637 0.00108739397258      2.238        1.09        3.97       0.000093
 2013-Feb-15 14:00 N    60.35043 -83.80345 0.00093468723394      3.416        1.05        3.80       0.000094
 2013-Feb-15 15:00 *    97.15929 -83.65715 0.00078299360267      5.628        0.93        3.40       0.000094
 2013-Feb-15 16:00 *   131.47676 -80.11827 0.00063383072391      9.982        1.01        3.68       0.000094
 2013-Feb-15 17:00 *   150.72159 -71.92420 0.00049059870595     19.273        3.12       11.33       0.000092
 2013-Feb-15 18:00 *m  161.33768 -56.24946 0.00036222113174     40.582       11.57       42.06       0.000082
 2013-Feb-15 19:00 *m  168.00859 -26.97068 0.00027386314996     80.745       34.32      124.75       0.000050
 2013-Feb-15 20:00 *m  172.89549  13.15823 0.00027141623894     92.274       40.55      147.38       0.000015
 2013-Feb-15 21:00 *m  177.39321  42.69043 0.00035593423541     60.480       19.22       69.85       0.000058
 2013-Feb-15 22:00 *m  182.23500  58.79981 0.00048115877747     37.745        8.20       29.81       0.000078
 2013-Feb-15 23:00 *m  187.69797  67.93979 0.00062127609262     25.978        4.14       15.06       0.000086
 2013-Feb-16 00:00 *m  193.93912  73.63733 0.00076735161853     19.580        2.53        9.20       0.000091
 2013-Feb-16 01:00 *m  201.09110  77.45266 0.00091613730690     15.791        1.82        6.61       0.000094
 2013-Feb-16 02:00 Nm  209.26687  80.12318 0.00106628026973     13.379        1.47        5.35       0.000096
 2013-Feb-16 03:00  m  218.52192  82.03119 0.00121713893786     11.757        1.29        4.68       0.000098
 2013-Feb-16 04:00  m  228.78316  83.39393 0.00136837038738     10.621        1.18        4.28       0.000100
 2013-Feb-16 05:00  m  239.77082  84.34871 0.00151976986773      9.800        1.11        4.02       0.000101
 2013-Feb-16 06:00  m  250.97949  84.99470 0.00167120329403      9.192        1.06        3.85       0.000102
 2013-Feb-16 07:00  m  261.78028  85.41244 0.00182257755408      8.733        1.03        3.74       0.000103
 2013-Feb-16 08:00     271.60757  85.66983 0.00197382727417      8.381        1.01        3.67       0.000104
 2013-Feb-16 09:00     280.10117  85.82147 0.00212490893542      8.108        1.00        3.65       0.000104

Pointing uncertainties for the Goldstone radar observations are going to be fine.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

JPL/HORIZONS                     (2012 DA14)               2013-Feb-14 10:11:34
Rec #:728624 (+COV)   Soln.date: 2013-Feb-14_00:52:02    # obs: 305 (2012-2013)
Solution 46

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(J2000.0)_DEC.            delta POS_3sigma  DOP_S_3sig  DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig
 2013-Feb-15 09:00      12.88013 -78.64989 0.00169707472309      7.308        1.45        5.28       0.000352
 2013-Feb-15 10:00      15.87838 -79.33234 0.00154541033983      8.560        1.46        5.31       0.000353
 2013-Feb-15 11:00      20.27803 -80.20841 0.00139314226223     10.327        1.46        5.32       0.000354
 2013-Feb-15 12:00      27.08612 -81.30823 0.00124040951802     12.903        1.46        5.29       0.000355
 2013-Feb-15 13:00      38.63558 -82.60523 0.00108746908139     16.804        1.46        5.31       0.000355
 2013-Feb-15 14:00 N    60.34137 -83.80227 0.00093476183039     22.994        1.67        6.06       0.000355
 2013-Feb-15 15:00 *    97.14017 -83.65686 0.00078306730441     33.417        2.80       10.17       0.000353
 2013-Feb-15 16:00 *   131.46071 -80.11996 0.00063390263934     52.382        6.56       23.85       0.000348
 2013-Feb-15 17:00 *   150.71165 -71.92865 0.00049066652929     90.324       17.77       64.57       0.000331
 2013-Feb-15 18:00 *m  161.33128 -56.25886 0.00036227816074    171.943       52.67      191.44       0.000284
 2013-Feb-15 19:00 *m  168.00418 -26.98803 0.00027389088185    312.340      136.64      496.61       0.000147
 2013-Feb-15 20:00 *m  172.89225  13.14046 0.00027139525836    327.096      146.80      533.54       0.000095
 2013-Feb-15 21:00 *m  177.39066  42.68024 0.00035588243055    195.927       63.69      231.47       0.000249
 2013-Feb-15 22:00 *m  182.23298  58.79431 0.00048109563912    111.476       24.64       89.56       0.000310
 2013-Feb-15 23:00 *m  187.69647  67.93651 0.00062120895697     70.077       11.06       40.19       0.000335
 2013-Feb-16 00:00 *m  193.93812  73.63515 0.00076728307889     48.572        5.88       21.38       0.000346
 2013-Feb-16 01:00 *m  201.09056  77.45107 0.00091606839341     36.432        3.67       13.34       0.000353
 2013-Feb-16 02:00 Nm  209.26668  80.12189 0.00106621143333     29.131        2.63        9.56       0.000356
 2013-Feb-16 03:00  m  218.52187  82.03008 0.00121707038422     24.549        2.09        7.60       0.000359
 2013-Feb-16 04:00  m  228.78287  83.39290 0.00136830220668     21.596        1.77        6.45       0.000360
 2013-Feb-16 05:00  m  239.76980  84.34773 0.00151970209198     19.661        1.57        5.69       0.000362
 2013-Feb-16 06:00  m  250.97723  84.99375 0.00167113592565     18.380        1.42        5.15       0.000362
 2013-Feb-16 07:00  m  261.77647  85.41152 0.00182251058179     17.527        1.31        4.77       0.000363
 2013-Feb-16 08:00     271.60213  85.66896 0.00197376068257     16.956        1.24        4.49       0.000363
 2013-Feb-16 09:00     280.09425  85.82065 0.00212484271119     16.571        1.19        4.32       0.000363

Changes relative to solution 44 are minimal, which isn't surprising because the arc isn't lengthening 
significantly at this point.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

2013 Feb 12:
Uncertainties at hourly intervals with solution 44:

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(J2000.0)_DEC.            delta POS_3sigma  DOP_S_3sig  DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig
 2013-Feb-15 09:00      12.88140 -78.64982 0.00169705751865      7.846        1.50        5.44       0.000355
 2013-Feb-15 10:00      15.87987 -79.33226 0.00154539295405      9.134        1.51        5.48       0.000356
 2013-Feb-15 11:00      20.27985 -80.20830 0.00139312469740     10.937        1.51        5.50       0.000357
 2013-Feb-15 12:00      27.08843 -81.30809 0.00124039177791     13.554        1.51        5.50       0.000358
 2013-Feb-15 13:00      38.63859 -82.60501 0.00108745117496     17.503        1.53        5.56       0.000359
 2013-Feb-15 14:00 N    60.34491 -83.80189 0.00093474378086     23.757        1.74        6.34       0.000359
 2013-Feb-15 15:00 *    97.14182 -83.65618 0.00078304917280     34.278        2.88       10.45       0.000357
 2013-Feb-15 16:00 *   131.45973 -80.11901 0.00063388459113     53.419        6.66       24.20       0.000351
 2013-Feb-15 17:00 *   150.71013 -71.92723 0.00049064904626     91.721       17.96       65.27       0.000335
 2013-Feb-15 18:00 *m  161.32990 -56.25632 0.00036226278126    174.143       53.21      193.38       0.000287
 2013-Feb-15 19:00 *m  168.00304 -26.98340 0.00027388222823    315.980      138.04      501.71       0.000149
 2013-Feb-15 20:00 *m  172.89141  13.14552 0.00027139894934    330.940      148.37      539.24       0.000096
 2013-Feb-15 21:00 *m  177.39025  42.68345 0.00035589473591    198.427       64.45      234.23       0.000252
 2013-Feb-15 22:00 *m  182.23312  58.79624 0.00048111164316    113.082       25.01       90.89       0.000313
 2013-Feb-15 23:00 *m  187.69726  67.93775 0.00062122667965     71.258       11.29       41.03       0.000338
 2013-Feb-16 00:00 *m  193.93968  73.63598 0.00076730177739     49.568        6.06       22.03       0.000350
 2013-Feb-16 01:00 *m  201.09302  77.45160 0.00091608774603     37.373        3.83       13.91       0.000357
 2013-Feb-16 02:00 Nm  209.27011  80.12220 0.00106623127451     30.089        2.77       10.07       0.000361
 2013-Feb-16 03:00  m  218.52626  82.03018 0.00121709061235     25.562        2.21        8.04       0.000363
 2013-Feb-16 04:00  m  228.78803  83.39282 0.00136832274870     22.681        1.88        6.82       0.000365
 2013-Feb-16 05:00  m  239.77529  84.34749 0.00151972288898     20.821        1.65        5.99       0.000366
 2013-Feb-16 06:00  m  250.98248  84.99337 0.00167115692716     19.610        1.48        5.39       0.000367
 2013-Feb-16 07:00  m  261.78091  85.41104 0.00182253174395     18.820        1.36        4.94       0.000368
 2013-Feb-16 08:00     271.60538  85.66840 0.00197378196806     18.302        1.27        4.62       0.000368
 2013-Feb-16 09:00     280.09618  85.82005 0.00212486408983     17.964        1.21        4.41       0.000368

- - - - - - - - - - 

Uncertainties at hourly intervals with solution 40:

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(J2000.0)_DEC.            delta POS_3sigma  DOP_S_3sig  DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig
 2013-Feb-15 09:00      12.88160 -78.64973 0.00169705511532     17.891        1.82        6.61       0.000358
 2013-Feb-15 10:00      15.88009 -79.33216 0.00154539047822     19.840        1.92        6.98       0.000359
 2013-Feb-15 11:00      20.28007 -80.20819 0.00139312213974     22.337        2.06        7.50       0.000360
 2013-Feb-15 12:00      27.08863 -81.30796 0.00124038912561     25.655        2.27        8.27       0.000361
 2013-Feb-15 13:00      38.63866 -82.60487 0.00108744841054     30.273        2.62        9.52       0.000362
 2013-Feb-15 14:00 N    60.34451 -83.80173 0.00093474088060     37.098        3.27       11.87       0.000362
 2013-Feb-15 15:00 *    97.14055 -83.65606 0.00078304610475     47.987        4.71       17.14       0.000361
 2013-Feb-15 16:00 *   131.45850 -80.11895 0.00063388131449     67.126        8.50       30.91       0.000356
 2013-Feb-15 17:00 *   150.70931 -71.92718 0.00049064552322    104.824       19.57       71.14       0.000340
 2013-Feb-15 18:00 *m  161.32934 -56.25613 0.00036225906686    185.871       54.37      197.60       0.000295
 2013-Feb-15 19:00 *m  168.00265 -26.98276 0.00027387891321    326.623      138.86      504.66       0.000167
 2013-Feb-15 20:00 *m  172.89116  13.14661 0.00027139747973    343.740      150.52      547.07       0.000113
 2013-Feb-15 21:00 *m  177.39015  42.68440 0.00035589518870    213.400       67.29      244.57       0.000255
 2013-Feb-15 22:00 *m  182.23322  58.79697 0.00048111319310    129.330       27.65      100.50       0.000315
 2013-Feb-15 23:00 *m  187.69763  67.93833 0.00062122885926     89.060       13.74       49.95       0.000341
 2013-Feb-16 00:00 *m  193.94041  73.63644 0.00076730437198     69.228        8.38       30.47       0.000353
 2013-Feb-16 01:00 *m  201.09420  77.45197 0.00091609064798     58.890        5.99       21.76       0.000360
 2013-Feb-16 02:00 Nm  209.27186  80.12249 0.00106623442203     53.231        4.71       17.13       0.000364
 2013-Feb-16 03:00  m  218.52866  82.03039 0.00121709396430     50.012        3.89       14.15       0.000368
 2013-Feb-16 04:00  m  228.79110  83.39294 0.00136832627355     48.125        3.28       11.90       0.000370
 2013-Feb-16 05:00  m  239.77894  84.34753 0.00151972655976     46.999        2.77       10.06       0.000371
 2013-Feb-16 06:00  m  250.98648  84.99333 0.00167116071920     46.324        2.34        8.51       0.000373
 2013-Feb-16 07:00  m  261.78496  85.41092 0.00182253563406     45.924        2.00        7.27       0.000374
 2013-Feb-16 08:00     271.60923  85.66823 0.00197378593447     45.696        1.75        6.37       0.000374
 2013-Feb-16 09:00     280.09967  85.81983 0.00212486811259     45.575        1.61        5.83       0.000374

As one would expect, the pointing and Doppler uncertainties grow rapidly and peak at the time of
the closest approach.   This means that pointing uncertainties when observations start at EISCAT and Haystack 
will be substantially larger than at Goldstone.
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

From Horizons, JPL solution #40

JPL/HORIZONS                     (2012 DA14)               2013-Feb-08 09:31:01
Rec #:728733 (+COV)   Soln.date: 2013-Feb-08_00:52:12    # obs: 205 (2012-2013)

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(J2000.0)_DEC.            delta POS_3sigma  DOP_S_3sig  DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig
 2013-Feb-10 00:00 *m    5.71927 -70.89706 0.02087946318956      1.449        1.49        5.41       0.000412
 2013-Feb-11 00:00 *m    5.86690 -71.09430 0.01732792212827      1.734        1.49        5.41       0.000384
 2013-Feb-12 00:00 *m    6.04646 -71.37955 0.01377101234084      2.171        1.49        5.41       0.000363
 2013-Feb-13 00:00 *m    6.30762 -71.85120 0.01020761316671      2.922        1.49        5.43       0.000349
 2013-Feb-14 00:00 *m    6.82246 -72.81910 0.00663477615702      4.489        1.51        5.48       0.000344
 2013-Feb-15 00:00 *m    8.91150 -76.04981 0.00304303801317      9.839        1.65        6.01       0.000350
 2013-Feb-16 00:00 *m  193.94041  73.63644 0.00076730437198     69.228        8.38       30.47       0.000353
 2013-Feb-17 00:00 *m  307.04283  84.47645 0.00438015508164     45.814        2.23        8.10       0.000381
 2013-Feb-18 00:00 *m  319.27579  83.18713 0.00796169759432     46.351        2.19        7.97       0.000405
 2013-Feb-19 00:00 *m  322.68583  82.63876 0.01152772815453     46.639        2.19        7.95       0.000434
 2013-Feb-20 00:00 *m  324.24585  82.34133 0.01508361883631     46.823        2.18        7.94       0.000467
 2013-Feb-21 00:00 *m  325.12127  82.15522 0.01863083876869     46.961        2.18        7.93       0.000504
 2013-Feb-22 00:00 *m  325.67086  82.02765 0.02216960197873     47.076        2.18        7.92       0.000544
 2013-Feb-23 00:00 *m  326.04198  81.93440 0.02569960468109     47.181        2.17        7.90       0.000586
 2013-Feb-24 00:00 *m  326.30674  81.86283 0.02922029621406     47.280        2.17        7.88       0.000629
 2013-Feb-25 00:00 *   326.50488  81.80574 0.03273099692094     47.377        2.16        7.86       0.000673
 2013-Feb-26 00:00 *   326.66033  81.75878 0.03623095454215     47.475        2.15        7.83       0.000719

Slight reduction in pointing uncertainties relative to solution 39

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

From Horizons, JPL solution #39:

JPL/HORIZONS                     (2012 DA14)               2013-Feb-07 10:04:52
Rec #:728733 (+COV)   Soln.date: 2013-Feb-07_01:50:12    # obs: 200 (2012-2013)

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(J2000.0)_DEC.            delta POS_3sigma  DOP_S_3sig  DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig
 2013-Feb-10 00:00 *m    5.71928 -70.89703 0.02087947560647      1.937        1.53        5.56       0.000419
 2013-Feb-11 00:00 *m    5.86692 -71.09427 0.01732793242660      2.320        1.53        5.56       0.000389
 2013-Feb-12 00:00 *m    6.04648 -71.37951 0.01377102051161      2.905        1.53        5.57       0.000367
 2013-Feb-13 00:00 *m    6.30766 -71.85114 0.01020761918705      3.905        1.54        5.58       0.000351
 2013-Feb-14 00:00 *m    6.82254 -72.81901 0.00663477995870      5.989        1.55        5.65       0.000345
 2013-Feb-15 00:00 *m    8.91170 -76.04962 0.00304303925749     13.039        1.74        6.33       0.000350
 2013-Feb-16 00:00 *m  193.94254  73.63780 0.00076730425819     81.572        9.78       35.55       0.000353
 2013-Feb-17 00:00 *m  307.04685  84.47554 0.00438016003709     60.758        2.61        9.48       0.000383
 2013-Feb-18 00:00 *m  319.27690  83.18619 0.00796170486548     61.519        2.54        9.24       0.000407
 2013-Feb-19 00:00 *m  322.68626  82.63782 0.01152773756024     61.906        2.53        9.19       0.000437
 2013-Feb-20 00:00 *m  324.24600  82.34039 0.01508363031387     62.153        2.53        9.18       0.000472
 2013-Feb-21 00:00 *m  325.12127  82.15429 0.01863085228142     62.339        2.52        9.16       0.000511
 2013-Feb-22 00:00 *m  325.67076  82.02672 0.02216961749885     62.496        2.52        9.15       0.000552
 2013-Feb-23 00:00 *m  326.04182  81.93347 0.02569962218471     62.639        2.51        9.13       0.000595
 2013-Feb-24 00:00 *m  326.30653  81.86190 0.02922031567946     62.776        2.51        9.11       0.000640
 2013-Feb-25 00:00 *   326.50465  81.80482 0.03273101832739     62.911        2.50        9.08       0.000686

New astrometry reported from Mt. John Observatory in New Zealand.  This reduced the plane-of-sky pointing
uncertainties by a factor of several but we still need more astrometry to reduce them more.
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

From Horizons, JPL solution #38:

Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(J2000.0)_DEC.            delta POS_3sigma  DOP_S_3sig  DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig
 2013-Feb-10 00:00 *m    5.71896 -70.89719 0.02087944976257     11.570        1.81        6.56       0.000490
 2013-Feb-11 00:00 *m    5.86652 -71.09445 0.01732791023077     13.933        1.83        6.64       0.000449
 2013-Feb-12 00:00 *m    6.04596 -71.37974 0.01377100202500     17.517        1.86        6.78       0.000414
 2013-Feb-13 00:00 *m    6.30692 -71.85145 0.01020760454354     23.608        1.95        7.09       0.000385
 2013-Feb-14 00:00 *m    6.82132 -72.81948 0.00663476952449     36.259        2.22        8.07       0.000365
 2013-Feb-15 00:00 *m    8.90855 -76.05065 0.00304303475111     78.661        4.20       15.25       0.000355
 2013-Feb-16 00:00 *m  193.93028  73.63172 0.00076730908877    393.918       45.80      166.46       0.000364
 2013-Feb-17 00:00 *m  307.04364  84.48159 0.00438014650843    367.860       12.47       45.33       0.000418
 2013-Feb-18 00:00 *m  319.28826  83.19212 0.00796168649869    373.018       11.88       43.18       0.000460
 2013-Feb-19 00:00 *m  322.70058  82.64364 0.01152771524950    375.474       11.76       42.74       0.000504
 2013-Feb-20 00:00 *m  324.26148  82.34615 0.01508360434495    377.033       11.71       42.57       0.000549
 2013-Feb-21 00:00 *m  325.13734  82.16001 0.01863082280254    378.218       11.68       42.46       0.000597
 2013-Feb-22 00:00 *m  325.68718  82.03243 0.02216958461105    379.234       11.66       42.37       0.000647
 2013-Feb-23 00:00 *m  326.05846  81.93917 0.02569958596968    380.174       11.63       42.28       0.000698
 2013-Feb-24 00:00 *m  326.32332  81.86760 0.02922027621172    381.086       11.60       42.17       0.000749
 2013-Feb-25 00:00 *   326.52153  81.81051 0.03273097568180    381.997       11.57       42.05       0.000802

The new measurements of the astrometry from Las Campanas _increased_ the uncertainties.
Solution 38 is based on the same data as solution 37.
The announcement appeared in MPEC 2013-C19 (2013 February 5 UT)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

From Horizons, 2013 January 13, solution 37, # obs: 194 (2012-2013):

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(J2000.0)_DEC.            delta POS_3sigma  DOP_S_3sig  DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig
 2013-Feb-10 00:00 *m    5.71621 -70.89833 0.02087930348468      6.576        1.63        5.93       0.000435
 2013-Feb-11 00:00 *m    5.86311 -71.09581 0.01732778092123      7.923        1.64        5.96       0.000401
 2013-Feb-12 00:00 *m    6.04154 -71.38143 0.01377089015400      9.967        1.65        6.01       0.000374
 2013-Feb-13 00:00 *m    6.30072 -71.85371 0.01020751111646     13.440        1.69        6.13       0.000354
 2013-Feb-14 00:00 *m    6.81120 -72.82293 0.00663469725207     20.647        1.80        6.55       0.000345
 2013-Feb-15 00:00 *m    8.88226 -76.05827 0.00304299622586     44.758        2.76       10.03       0.000348
 2013-Feb-16 00:00 *m  193.83934  73.58864 0.00076735819962    227.080       26.58       96.59       0.000350
 2013-Feb-17 00:00 *m  307.04656  84.52785 0.00438007114038    208.925        7.20       26.19       0.000400
 2013-Feb-18 00:00 *m  319.39792  83.23708 0.00796158509352    212.211        6.89       25.05       0.000432
 2013-Feb-19 00:00 *m  322.83120  82.68765 0.01152759435351    213.748        6.83       24.82       0.000468
 2013-Feb-20 00:00 *m  324.40017  82.38965 0.01508346601388    214.706        6.80       24.73       0.000507
 2013-Feb-21 00:00 *m  325.28011  82.20322 0.01863066807229    215.422        6.79       24.67       0.000548
 2013-Feb-22 00:00 *m  325.83228  82.07548 0.02216941416809    216.025        6.77       24.61       0.000593
 2013-Feb-23 00:00 *m  326.20501  81.98214 0.02569940036125    216.575        6.76       24.55       0.000639
 2013-Feb-24 00:00 *m  326.47080  81.91054 0.02922007593884    217.102        6.74       24.49       0.000686
 2013-Feb-25 00:00 *   326.66964  81.85347 0.03273076125809    217.623        6.72       24.41       0.000734

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

From Horizons, 2013 January 10, solution 36, # obs: 191 (2012-2013):

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(J2000.0)_DEC.            delta POS_3sigma  DOP_S_3sig  DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig
 2013-Feb-10 00:00 *m    5.71568 -70.89860 0.02087924732529      9.281        1.72        6.25       0.000460
 2013-Feb-11 00:00 *m    5.86245 -71.09613 0.01732773335665     11.177        1.73        6.30       0.000423
 2013-Feb-12 00:00 *m    6.04067 -71.38182 0.01377085128697     14.054        1.76        6.39       0.000392
 2013-Feb-13 00:00 *m    6.29949 -71.85423 0.01020748117381     18.941        1.81        6.59       0.000368
 2013-Feb-14 00:00 *m    6.80916 -72.82373 0.00663467685963     29.091        2.00        7.28       0.000354
 2013-Feb-15 00:00 *m    8.87695 -76.06003 0.00304298834082     63.091        3.49       12.68       0.000351
 2013-Feb-16 00:00 *m  193.81855  73.57804 0.00076736467442    316.156       36.84      133.88       0.000357
 2013-Feb-17 00:00 *m  307.03983  84.53816 0.00438004364477    294.285        9.99       36.31       0.000409
 2013-Feb-18 00:00 *m  319.41670  83.24720 0.00796154699392    298.599        9.52       34.61       0.000446
 2013-Feb-19 00:00 *m  322.85515  82.69758 0.01152754718256    300.638        9.43       34.28       0.000485
 2013-Feb-20 00:00 *m  324.42615  82.39948 0.01508341026422    301.923        9.39       34.14       0.000527
 2013-Feb-21 00:00 *m  325.30712  82.21299 0.01863060400397    302.895        9.37       34.05       0.000572
 2013-Feb-22 00:00 *m  325.85990  82.08521 0.02216934196257    303.722        9.35       33.97       0.000619
 2013-Feb-23 00:00 *m  326.23301  81.99186 0.02569932016855    304.484        9.33       33.90       0.000667
 2013-Feb-24 00:00 *m  326.49906  81.92025 0.02921998789834    305.220        9.30       33.81       0.000717
 2013-Feb-25 00:00 *   326.69806  81.86318 0.03273066551085    305.952        9.27       33.70       0.000767

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

From Horizons, 2012 June 08, solution 35, #obs = 188 (79 day arc):

The most recent optical observations were made on 2012 May 12 at Mauna Kea (568)

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(J2000.0)_DEC.            delta POS_3sigma  DOP_S_3sig  DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig
...ten day intervals...
 2013-Jan-01 00:00 *   347.19184 -66.01850 0.15692941752457    218.237       80.16      291.36       0.157322
 2013-Jan-11 00:00 *m  354.49254 -67.51951 0.12450130925713    281.194       84.29      306.34       0.128450
 2013-Jan-21 00:00 *m    0.20275 -68.76979 0.09077538082327    390.377       88.20      320.54       0.098542
 2013-Jan-31 00:00 *     3.92502 -69.85373 0.05612075892253    634.042       92.96      337.86       0.067779
...one day intervals...
 2013-Feb-10 00:00 *m    5.65843 -70.92098 0.02087706335760   1697.261      109.92      399.50       0.036243
 2013-Feb-11 00:00 *m    5.79176 -71.12278 0.01732574289288   2043.238      116.93      424.99       0.032902
 2013-Feb-12 00:00 *m    5.94920 -71.41495 0.01376906405800   2568.255      128.91      468.53       0.029399
 2013-Feb-13 00:00 *m    6.17156 -71.89844 0.01020591775691   3460.386      152.82      555.42       0.025555
 2013-Feb-14 00:00 *m    6.60038 -72.89122 0.00663339227207   5314.302      216.54      787.01       0.020798
 2013-Feb-15 00:00 *m    8.33189 -76.20912 0.00304223658442  11534.254      570.04     2071.78       0.011825
 2013-Feb-16 00:00 *m  192.20905  72.70935 0.00076852776476  57903.666     6818.59    24781.84       0.019494
 2013-Feb-17 00:00 *m  306.88084  85.44750 0.00437884675607  52105.248     1747.14     6349.91       0.019787
 2013-Feb-18 00:00 *m  321.75850  84.13090 0.00795997266882  52618.127     1650.92     6000.19       0.026142
 2013-Feb-19 00:00 *m  325.65162  83.56091 0.01152573050997  52890.286     1630.71     5926.75       0.030219
 2013-Feb-20 00:00 *m  327.39177  83.25191 0.01508139574007  53074.303     1621.82     5894.42       0.033515
 2013-Feb-21 00:00 *m  328.35611  83.05931 0.01862841586780  53222.199     1615.47     5871.34       0.036357
 2013-Feb-22 00:00 *m  328.95626  82.92808 0.02216699779742  53354.994     1609.55     5849.84       0.038848
 2013-Feb-23 00:00 *m  329.35847  82.83295 0.02569683514463  53482.572     1603.34     5827.26       0.041022
 2013-Feb-24 00:00 *m  329.64324  82.76070 0.02921737663053  53610.082     1596.46     5802.25       0.042882
 2013-Feb-25 00:00 *   329.85460  82.70379 0.03272794320844  53740.389     1588.59     5773.66       0.044413


============================================================================

Apparent Magnitudes, Solar Elongations, Elongations from the Moon, and Moon Illumination:
(JPL/Horizons solution 35)

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(J2000.0)_DEC.            delta  APmag    S-O-T /r  T-O-M/Illu%
 2013-Jan-01 00:00     347.18997 -66.00326 0.15692113041397  24.46  59.2591 /T  121.0/ 88.2
 2013-Jan-11 00:00     354.49190 -67.50039 0.12449195731337  24.11  59.3319 /T   66.2/  1.1
...one day intervals...
 2013-Jan-21 00:00       0.20620 -68.74373 0.09076510825601  23.55  59.7828 /T   94.4/ 68.8
 2013-Jan-22 00:00       0.67638 -68.85868 0.08733417231129  23.48  59.8481 /T   99.4/ 77.1
 2013-Jan-23 00:00       1.12610 -68.97201 0.08389446491769  23.40  59.9167 /T  103.9/ 84.5
 2013-Jan-24 00:00       1.55488 -69.08369 0.08044642186086  23.33  59.9885 /T  107.9/ 90.6
 2013-Jan-25 00:00       1.96228 -69.19365 0.07699046528726  23.24  60.0635 /T  111.2/ 95.4
 2013-Jan-26 00:00       2.34790 -69.30181 0.07352700053184  23.15  60.1417 /T  113.6/ 98.5
 2013-Jan-27 00:00       2.71141 -69.40808 0.07005641228932  23.06  60.2229 /T  114.8/ 99.8
 2013-Jan-28 00:00       3.05257 -69.51235 0.06657906043944  22.96  60.3071 /T  114.9/ 99.2
 2013-Jan-29 00:00       3.37129 -69.61451 0.06309527601248  22.85  60.3944 /T  113.6/ 96.5
 2013-Jan-30 00:00       3.66762 -69.71447 0.05960535784277  22.74  60.4848 /T  111.2/ 91.8
 2013-Jan-31 00:00       3.94182 -69.81217 0.05610957038411  22.62  60.5784 /T  107.6/ 85.3
 2013-Feb-01 00:00       4.19437 -69.90762 0.05260814296428  22.49  60.6756 /T  103.2/ 77.0
 2013-Feb-02 00:00       4.42604 -70.00095 0.04910127056601  22.35  60.7765 /T   98.0/ 67.3
 2013-Feb-03 00:00       4.63788 -70.09244 0.04558911603594  22.20  60.8819 /T   92.5/ 56.6
 2013-Feb-04 00:00       4.83130 -70.18263 0.04207181357348  22.03  60.9925 /T   86.8/ 45.4
 2013-Feb-05 00:00       5.00810 -70.27246 0.03854947324773  21.85  61.1093 /T   81.2/ 34.2
 2013-Feb-06 00:00       5.17052 -70.36342 0.03502218597195  21.65  61.2341 /T   76.0/ 23.7
 2013-Feb-07 00:00       5.32133 -70.45786 0.03149002748771  21.43  61.3691 /T   71.7/ 14.6
 2013-Feb-08 00:00       5.46404 -70.55951 0.02795305814529  21.18  61.5180 /T   68.5/  7.3
 2013-Feb-09 00:00       5.60330 -70.67442 0.02441131232419  20.89  61.6859 /T   66.8/  2.5
 2013-Feb-10 00:00       5.74589 -70.81276 0.02086476634402  20.55  61.8821 /T   66.6/  0.3
 2013-Feb-11 00:00       5.90311 -70.99299 0.01731326333752  20.15  62.1225 /T   68.1/  0.8
 2013-Feb-12 00:00       6.09738 -71.25251 0.01375634495798  19.64  62.4397 /T   71.0/  3.8
 2013-Feb-13 00:00       6.38387 -71.68060 0.01019284202744  18.97  62.9117 /T   75.1/  9.0
 2013-Feb-14 00:00       6.95234 -72.55866 0.00661965468830  17.99  63.7852 /T   80.2/ 15.8
 2013-Feb-15 00:00       9.22091 -75.49426 0.00302647215144  16.13  66.4865 /T   87.4/ 23.8
 2013-Feb-16 00:00     189.24695  75.55363 0.00078309845312  11.17 113.2948 /L   88.2/ 32.7
 2013-Feb-17 00:00     312.49445  85.39716 0.00440377538820  15.44  97.6835 /L   72.8/ 42.0
 2013-Feb-18 00:00     324.01535  84.05640 0.00798571773025  16.80  95.8195 /L   71.2/ 51.5
 2013-Feb-19 00:00     327.05009  83.50386 0.01155173221297  17.63  94.8920 /L   71.3/ 60.8
 2013-Feb-20 00:00     328.40862  83.20765 0.01510749488077  18.23  94.2361 /L   72.6/ 69.8
 2013-Feb-21 00:00     329.15814  83.02395 0.01865454501220  18.70  93.6956 /L   74.7/ 78.0
 2013-Feb-22 00:00     329.62060  82.89916 0.02219312206951  19.09  93.2146 /L   77.6/ 85.4
 2013-Feb-23 00:00     329.92702  82.80887 0.02572293419315  19.42  92.7680 /L   81.0/ 91.5
 2013-Feb-24 00:00     330.14122  82.74038 0.02924343760022  19.71  92.3431 /L   84.9/ 96.2
 2013-Feb-25 00:00     330.29840  82.68647 0.03275395752990  19.96  91.9326 /L   89.2/ 99.0
 2013-Feb-26 00:00     330.41976  82.64277 0.03625374599386  20.19  91.5321 /L   93.5/ 99.8


Setups


We are expecting a bandwidth of about 1 Hz due to the estimated diameter (50 m) and 
rotation period (6 hours).  The 3-sigma Doppler uncertainties when the track starts
are relatively small so we're going to use our standard 4 kHz setup but with a longer
FFT than usual in order to resolve the echo in frequency.


CW setup:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TX polarization           RCP
RCV polarization          LCP & RCP
Frequency hops:           2                          
Dwell                     30 seconds                      
Bandwidth:                4000 Hz 
Sampling interval:        2500 x 0.1 usec
FFT for CW files:         32768 for 0.12 Hz resolution 

Ranging setups:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 10-usec
baud             10 usec
code            127
PRP            1270 usec
FFT              64   
ncoh              1 
bandwidth       787 Hz   
resolution     12.3 Hz
TXOFF          +150 Hz  (echo in bin 32+12=44)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 11-usec 
baud             11 usec
code            127
PRP            1397 usec
FFT              64  
ncoh              1 
bandwidth       717 Hz   
resolution     11.2 Hz
TXOFF          +150 Hz  (echo in bin 32+13=45) 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
255 x 128 1-usec 
baud              1 usec
code              255
ncoh              2
bandwidth        1961  Hz
FFT               128
dfreq             15.3  Hz
TXoff            +150 Hz  (echo in bin 64+9=74)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 512 0.25-usec 
baud              0.25 usec
code              127
ncoh              62
bandwidth         508  Hz
FFT               512
dfreq            0.99    Hz
TXoff           + 50Hz  (echo in bin 256+50=306)


_____________________________________________________________________
POSSIBLE RANGING SETUPS: (code=127, FFT=64, single-pol'n) 
   These are from JX, w/ max-band (min-acc) options from Ray Jurgens.
   Currently configured for 5-sec records.
_______________________________________________________________________
 Setup        Baud        RP         1-acc 1-acc      
            usec   m      usec        band   res    acc  band     res 
_______________________________________________________________________
 
JX1XS110  11.000 1650    1397.0      715.8  11.2      2   358     5.6
JX1XS070   7.000 1050     889.0     1124.9  17.6      3   375     5.9
                                                      
JX1XS020   2.000  300     254.0     3937.0  61.5     12   328     5.1
                                                      4   984    15.4 

JX1XS010   1.000  150     127.0     7874.0 123.0     41   192     3.0 
                                                      8   984    15.4 

JX1XS005   0.500   75      63.5    15748.0 246.1    123   128     2.0 
                                                     15  1050    16.4 

JX1XS002   0.250   37.5    31.75   31496.1 492.1    492    64     1.0
                                                     30  1050    16.4 
 
JX1XS001   0.125   18.75   15.875  62992.1 984.3   1970    32     0.5 
                                                     60  1050    16.4 
____________________________________________________________________


Instructions

NOTE: Data should be moved to the appropriate subdirectories in aardvark:/export/data0/2012DA14/raw/

2012 DA14 POINTING:

  OSOD and predicts are on aardvark:


for WFG:

/export/data3/osod/ops/2012da14/PRDX.OUT.14v-13-13.57
                              /PUNCH.OUT.14v-13-13.57
                              /EPH.OUT.57


POINTING  
                                                          TX Offsets    
Date (UTC)   DOY  hhmmss    RA        Dec         Macro   LHA     Dec    RTT    OSOD
2013 02 18   049  080000    322.4988  82.7330       A    -1.40   -0.10   9.1    s57
2013 02 18   049  090000    323.0389  82.7282       A    -1.40    0.00   9.3
2013 02 18   049  100000    323.5165  82.7362       A    -1.10    0.10   9.4
2013 02 18   049  110000    323.9113  82.7546       A    -0.90    0.00   9.6
2013 02 18   049  120000    324.2077  82.7807       AB   -0.70    0.10   9.7
2013 02 18   049  130000    324.3955  82.8110        B   -0.40    0.10   9.9
2013 02 18   049  140000    324.4710  82.8423        B   -0.10    0.10  10.0
2013 02 18   049  150000    324.4378  82.8709        B    0.20    0.10  10.2
2013 02 18   049  160000    324.3065  82.8937        B    0.50    0.10  10.3

Transmit offsets are given in millidegrees.  

POINTING FOR DSS-13

Date (UTC)   DOY  hhmmss  RA          DEC       OSOD
2013 FEB 18  049  080000  322.502     82.7326   s57
2013 FEB 18  049  090000  323.043     82.7280 
2013 FEB 18  049  100000  323.521     82.7362 
2013 FEB 18  049  110000  323.916     82.7547 
2013 FEB 18  049  120000  324.212     82.7809 
2013 FEB 18  049  130000  324.399     82.8114 
2013 FEB 18  049  140000  324.474     82.8427 
2013 FEB 18  049  150000  324.440     82.8714 
2013 FEB 18  049  160000  324.308     82.8943 


Due to problems with the master equatorial, we will observe in encoder mode 
for all the 2012 DA14 tracks.  Encoder mode worked well earlier in the week with 
observations of Camillo, 2013 BS45, and 2013 BV15.


PRDX.OUT.14f-13-13.s57 TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #13 RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA EL 2013 FEB 18 08:00 9.1389144680 -352392.817 189.1547 82.7326 322.502 28.065 2013 FEB 18 08:10 9.1636106212 -352270.822 191.5680 82.7309 322.596 28.114 2013 FEB 18 08:20 9.1882982494 -352149.673 193.9826 82.7296 322.688 28.176 2013 FEB 18 08:30 9.2129774222 -352029.583 196.3985 82.7286 322.779 28.249 2013 FEB 18 08:40 9.2376482216 -351910.766 198.8158 82.7281 322.869 28.334 2013 FEB 18 08:50 9.2623107440 -351793.433 201.2346 82.7279 322.957 28.431 2013 FEB 18 09:00 9.2869650982 -351677.792 203.6551 82.7280 323.043 28.540 2013 FEB 18 09:10 9.3116114128 -351564.049 206.0773 82.7285 323.128 28.661 2013 FEB 18 09:20 9.3362498288 -351452.406 208.5014 82.7294 323.210 28.792 2013 FEB 18 09:30 9.3608804973 -351343.061 210.9274 82.7306 323.291 28.935 2013 FEB 18 09:40 9.3855035883 -351236.210 213.3555 82.7322 323.370 29.089 2013 FEB 18 09:50 9.4101192823 -351132.042 215.7857 82.7340 323.447 29.254 2013 FEB 18 10:00 9.4347277739 -351030.743 218.2182 82.7362 323.521 29.429 2013 FEB 18 10:10 9.4593292715 -350932.493 220.6529 82.7386 323.593 29.615 2013 FEB 18 10:20 9.4839239948 -350837.466 223.0901 82.7413 323.663 29.810 2013 FEB 18 10:30 9.5085121734 -350745.831 225.5297 82.7443 323.730 30.015 2013 FEB 18 10:40 9.5330940543 -350657.751 227.9720 82.7475 323.795 30.230 2013 FEB 18 10:50 9.5576698910 -350573.382 230.4168 82.7510 323.857 30.453 2013 FEB 18 11:00 9.5822399471 -350492.873 232.8643 82.7547 323.916 30.685 2013 FEB 18 11:10 9.6068045000 -350416.366 235.3146 82.7587 323.972 30.925 2013 FEB 18 11:20 9.6313638352 -350343.996 237.7677 82.7628 324.026 31.174 2013 FEB 18 11:30 9.6559182448 -350275.890 240.2236 82.7671 324.077 31.430 2013 FEB 18 11:40 9.6804680342 -350212.167 242.6825 82.7715 324.125 31.693 2013 FEB 18 11:50 9.7050135145 -350152.938 245.1444 82.7761 324.170 31.962 2013 FEB 18 12:00 9.7295550027 -350098.306 247.6092 82.7809 324.212 32.238 2013 FEB 18 12:10 9.7540928271 -350048.364 250.0771 82.7858 324.251 32.520 2013 FEB 18 12:20 9.7786273173 -350003.198 252.5480 82.7908 324.287 32.807 2013 FEB 18 12:30 9.8031588108 -349962.884 255.0221 82.7958 324.320 33.099 2013 FEB 18 12:40 9.8276876501 -349927.489 257.4993 82.8010 324.349 33.395 2013 FEB 18 12:50 9.8522141832 -349897.072 259.9795 82.8062 324.376 33.695 2013 FEB 18 13:00 9.8767387595 -349871.679 262.4630 82.8114 324.399 33.998 2013 FEB 18 13:10 9.9012617339 -349851.351 264.9495 82.8167 324.420 34.304 2013 FEB 18 13:20 9.9257834622 -349836.117 267.4392 82.8219 324.437 34.612 2013 FEB 18 13:30 9.9503043007 -349825.996 269.9321 82.8272 324.451 34.923 2013 FEB 18 13:40 9.9748246100 -349820.998 272.4280 82.8324 324.462 35.234 2013 FEB 18 13:50 9.9993447491 -349821.125 274.9271 82.8376 324.469 35.545 2013 FEB 18 14:00 10.0238650748 -349826.365 277.4292 82.8427 324.474 35.857 2013 FEB 18 14:10 10.0483859481 -349836.701 279.9344 82.8478 324.476 36.168 2013 FEB 18 14:20 10.0729077231 -349852.103 282.4425 82.8528 324.475 36.478 2013 FEB 18 14:30 10.0974307535 -349872.532 284.9537 82.8576 324.470 36.786

2012 DA14 GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG

============================================================================== Receive TX Setup hops dwell code ncoh FFT runs start -stop OSOD offset Poln Notes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Close Approaches using JPL/Horizons solution 65 (2013 Feb. 19, # obs: 791 (2012-2013)) (after the radar observations) Date (CT) Body CA Dist MinDist MaxDist Vrel TCA3Sg Nsigs P_i/p ---------------------- ----- ------- ------- ------- ------ ------ ------ ------- A.D. 1792 Feb 20.34287 Earth .090918 .002500 16.86714 7.739 8.18E5 9.0E99 9.0E-99 A.D. 1846 Aug 20.75016 Earth .035507 .001490 .412399 6.562 13295. 2.49E5 .000000 A.D. 1847 Aug 22.98664 Earth .045766 .006439 .580669 5.554 11278. 1.34E6 .000000 A.D. 1850 Feb 13.40132 Earth .087482 .004241 .246763 5.529 8711.5 1.30E6 .000000 A.D. 1851 Feb 17.21628 Earth .003894 .003091 .017816 6.282 989.96 1.45E6 .000000 A.D. 1883 Aug 23.66967 Earth .025448 .023774 .027221 5.778 15.71 1.07E6 .000000 A.D. 1885 Feb 12.31423 Earth .088524 .085731 .091319 5.431 126.40 4.59E5 .000000 A.D. 1915 Aug 23.33988 Earth .080349 .079995 .080703 7.385 0.72 2.68E6 .000000 A.D. 1918 Feb 17.15968 Earth .002896 .002893 .002899 6.257 0.11 3.87E6 .000000 A.D. 1919 Feb 18.45774 Earth .029794 .029760 .029827 6.635 1.78 5.15E6 .000000 A.D. 1920 Feb 20.73293 Earth .083699 .083658 .083739 7.703 2.14 2.05E6 .000000 A.D. 2002 Aug 15.42890 Earth .092305 .092301 .092308 7.750 0.21 1.48E6 .000000 A.D. 2003 Aug 18.33125 Earth .038771 .038768 .038773 6.686 0.15 1.23E6 .000000 A.D. 2004 Aug 19.47335 Earth .008129 .008129 .008129 6.090 0.01 1.20E6 .000000 A.D. 2005 Aug 21.67600 Earth .038926 .038925 .038926 5.610 0.03 1.12E6 .000000 A.D. 2006 Aug 24.72553 Earth .086590 .086589 .086590 5.332 0.04 9.11E5 .000000 A.D. 2011 Feb 14.89679 Earth .063184 .063184 .063184 5.510 0.00 1.77E7 .000000 A.D. 2012 Feb 16.25715 Earth .017426 .017426 .017426 5.932 0.00 1.01E6 .000000 A.D. 2013 Feb 15.80960 Earth .000228 .000228 .000228 7.820 0.00 1.53E6 .000000 A.D. 2013 Feb 16.02891 Moon .002737 .002737 .002737 6.571 0.00 1.61E7 .000000 A.D. 2046 Feb 15.27173 Earth .014837 .014793 .014881 6.225 2.41 4.30E5 .000000 A.D. 2053 Feb 19.07459 Earth .080856 .080245 .081467 6.524 37.23 1.76E6 .000000 A.D. 2087 Feb 15.42773 Earth .013124 .011913 .014333 6.223 62.71 6.32E5 .000000 A.D. 2123 Feb 16.95006 Earth .005786 .000210 .061304 6.211 2846.5 1.55E5 .000000 A.D. 2136 Feb 19.54372 Earth .058325 .004557 5.045304 6.307 6.00E5 4.49E6 .000000 NOTE: post-epoch CA list was truncated due to Earth TCA3Sg exceeding the set limit. - - - - - - - - - - Close approaches using JPL/Horizons solution 43: (prior to inclusion of radar astrometry) NOTE: pre-epoch CA list was truncated due to Earth TCA3Sg exceeding the set limit. Date (CT) Body CA Dist MinDist MaxDist Vrel TCA3Sg Nsigs P_i/p ---------------------- ----- ------- ------- ------- ------ ------ ------ ------- A.D. 1851 Feb 16.07939 Earth .019170 .002905 .715534 5.921 53621. 79324. .000000 A.D. 1883 Aug 23.67613 Earth .019445 .016521 .059759 5.895 35.47 2.61E5 .000000 A.D. 1885 Feb 11.85372 Earth .099733 .045948 .152872 5.429 2153.6 69341. .000000 A.D. 1886 Feb 20.61871 Earth .093807 .031009 .147091 7.865 3242.2 53393. .000000 A.D. 1915 Aug 23.33688 Earth .081776 .074863 .088562 7.414 13.36 2.75E5 .000000 A.D. 1918 Feb 17.15988 Earth .002883 .002823 .002944 6.258 2.13 1.10E5 .000000 A.D. 1919 Feb 18.46266 Earth .029927 .029304 .030548 6.637 32.87 63650. .000000 A.D. 1920 Feb 20.73944 Earth .083859 .083107 .084609 7.707 39.60 42821. .000000 A.D. 2002 Aug 15.41935 Earth .092291 .092230 .092353 7.750 3.81 1.65E5 .000000 A.D. 2003 Aug 18.33168 Earth .038762 .038722 .038802 6.685 2.78 2.04E5 .000000 A.D. 2004 Aug 19.47337 Earth .008129 .008128 .008130 6.090 0.18 3.08E5 .000000 A.D. 2005 Aug 21.67608 Earth .038927 .038920 .038935 5.610 0.48 3.68E5 .000000 A.D. 2006 Aug 24.72565 Earth .086591 .086583 .086600 5.332 0.60 64738. .000000 A.D. 2011 Feb 14.89679 Earth .063184 .063183 .063184 5.510 0.12 5.21E5 .000000 A.D. 2012 Feb 16.25714 Earth .017426 .017426 .017427 5.932 0.16 1.04E5 .000000 A.D. 2013 Feb 15.80960 Earth .000228 .000228 .000228 7.820 0.14 19120. .000000 A.D. 2013 Feb 16.02876 Moon .002737 .002737 .002737 6.571 0.15 1.56E5 .000000 A.D. 2046 Feb 15.20430 Earth .016652 .013025 .020266 6.231 196.39 4352.2 .000000 A.D. 2080 Feb 14.52887 Earth .049838 .002831 .181208 6.475 5990.9 8841.3 .000000 A.D. 2087 Feb 16.86881 Earth .024144 .000642 .051917 6.154 1953.8 2675.6 .000000 A.D. 2114 Feb 19.25819 Earth .062228 .005352 .136136 6.330 5226.2 16816. .000000 A.D. 2134 Feb 16.21253 Earth .005887 .000177 .099217 6.239 5041.5 640.77 .000000 A.D. 2149 Feb 19.18543 Earth .082737 .008156 10.62494 6.506 9.81E5 19344. .000000 NOTE: post-epoch CA list was truncated due to Earth TCA3Sg exceeding the set limit.
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412 Mail Stop 183-610 | FAX: (818) 354-9476 Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance.benner@jpl.nasa.gov California Institute of Technology | Plan: To live long and prosper Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2012DA14/2012DA14_planning.html

Asteroid Radar Astronomy
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