Goldstone Radar Observations Planning: 2009 FG19 and 2014 ST223
Delay-Doppler images of 2009 FG19 obtained on 2014 Sep 27. Resolution is 1.0 usec x 1.9 Hz. Range increases up and Doppler frequency increases to the right. The alignment of each panel is approximate. The images are shown to scale relative to each other, so bandwidth variations are real. Each frame is a weighted sum of ten consecutive runs except for the final frame, which is a sum of 8 runs. Time increases from left to right and then to the bottom. The images were obtained between 07:57-12:20 UT and it's possible that each could include substantial rotational smearing.
This is a planning page for two asteroids: 2009 FG19, which was our original target, and 2014 ST223, a newly-discovered target-of-opportunity that we will attempt to observe after receiving an official NASA request for observations. 2009 FG19 2009 FG19 was discovered by the Mt. Lemmon Survey on 21 March 2009. This object was observed by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) spacecraft, and analysis of the WISE data by A. K. Mainzer (pers. comm.) suggests a diameter of ~1.7 km and an low optical albedo. Recently, B. D. Warner (pers. comm.) obtained lightcurves suggesting a rotation period of at least 6 h and possibly as much as 18 h. The orbit of this object is more cometary than asteroidal, so it's possible that this could be an inactive comet nucleus. This makes 2009 FG19 a particularly intriguing object for physical observations. 2009 FG19 will approach within 0.089 AU on September 26 when it should be easy to detect at Goldstone. The SNRs might be strong enough for imaging at Goldstone at resolutions as high as 1 usec. Three tracks are scheduled at Goldstone on September 25-27. Arecibo observations are scheduled on September 25 and 26 at times that partially overlap the Goldstone tracks. This object should reach 15th magnitude while at favorable solar elongations, so it should be a good target for lightcurves and spectroscopy. 2014 ST223 2013 ST223 is a tiny object roughly 10 m in diameter that approached within 2 lunar distances on 2014 Sep 21. It was discovered using the Palomar Transient Factory, a program that uses the 1.2 m Oschin Schmidt Telescope at Palomar Observatory. Nothing is known about the physical properties of this object, but its absolute magnitude of 27.8 establishes that it's tiny and suggests that it's within a factor of two of 10 m in diameter. Many objects that small rotate with periods of less than one hour. We plan to observe ST223 on Sep. 26 using some of our time previously scheduled for 2009 FG19. 2014 ST223 is already outbound and the SNRs are expected to be weak, so we aren't expecting to obtain detailed images. 2014 ST223 is on NASA's "NHATS" list of potential human mission targets. We requested transmit authorization on the morning of Sep. 25 and were approved by 17:45 PDT on the same day during time already scheduled for 2009 FG19.
Orbital and Physical Characteristics Provisional Designation 2009 FG19 2014 ST223 Asteroid number not numbered not numbered Discoverer Mt. Lemmon Survey Palomar Transient Factory Discovery date 2009 Mar 21 2014 Sep 23 orbit type Apollo Apollo Close approach dist. 0.089 AU 0.0050 AU Close approach date 2014 Sep 26 2014 Sep 21 semimajor axis 2.909 AU 1.053 AU eccentricity 0.720 0.171 inclination 54.4 deg 5.9 deg perihelion distance 0.813 AU 0.873 AU aphelion distance 5.003 AU 1.233 AU Tisserand parameter 2.390 Cometary. absolute magnitude (H) 17.9 27.8 diameter 1.7 km 10 m +- a factor of two optical albedo dark: < 7% unknown rotation period > 6 h unknown lightcurve amplitude ~0.6 mag unknown pole direction unknown unknown spectral class unknown unknown Last update: 2014 September 27
2009 FG19 http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K09/K09F65.html 2014 ST223 http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K14/K14S86.html
GOLDSTONE SNRS 2009 FG19 Assumptions: D = 1.7 km, P = 5.77 h, OC radar albedo = 0.1 w DOY start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run 38 262 2014 Sep 19 08:16-23:22 120, +62 0.160 173 19 2 38 263 2014 Sep 20 08:01-22:37 113, +59 0.145 185 27 2 38 264 2014 Sep 21 07:47-21:48 107, +56 0.131 196 40 3 39 265 2014 Sep 22 07:36-20:58 100, +51 0.119 207 59 4 39 266 2014 Sep 23 07:27-20:07 94, +45 0.107 217 85 6 39 267 2014 Sep 24 07:21-19:15 87, +38 0.098 222 120 9 39 268 2014 Sep 25 07:18-18:23 81, +28 0.092 221 150 11 Scheduled 39 269 2014 Sep 26 07:19-17:32 76, +18 0.089 210 160 12 Scheduled 39 270 2014 Sep 27 07:24-16:40 71, +7 0.090 188 150 12 Scheduled 39 271 2014 Sep 28 07:34-15:48 67, -3 0.094 159 110 10 40 272 2014 Sep 29 07:47-14:56 63, -12 0.102 128 73 7 40 273 2014 Sep 30 08:04-14:04 59, -20 0.113 97 43 5 40 274 2014 Oct 01 08:25-13:10 56, -26 0.125 69 23 3 40 275 2014 Oct 02 08:56-12:10 53, -31 0.139 42 12 2 Assumptions: Ptx = 450 kW, Tsys = 17 K ARECIBO SNRS start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run 2014 Sep 25 08:32-10:50 82, +30 0.093 45 700 110 Scheduled...cancelled due to a lightning strike 2014 Sep 26 07:53-10:36 77, +20 0.089 56 910 130 Scheduled...cancelled due to a lightning strike 2014 Sep 27 07:40-09:59 72, +9 0.090 47 810 120 Arecibo SNRs assume Ptx = 400 kW and Tsys = 25 K. These are the only dates when this asteroid is observable at Arecibo. 2014 ST223 GOLDSTONE Target assumptions: D = 10 meters, P = 0.5 hours, OC radar albedo = 0.1, equatorial view start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR SNR/run 2014 Sep 17 17:18-17:55 144, -34 0.013 85 8 1 2014 Sep 20 12:58-14:36 87, -33 0.005 627 508 21 2014 Sep 21 08:28-14:23 51, -17 0.005 2297 1389 32 2014 Sep 22 05:37-13:49 28, 0 0.007 2308 577 13 2014 Sep 23 04:06-13:24 15, +9 0.009 1827 162 4 Discovered 2014 Sep 24 03:16-13:07 8, +14 0.013 1437 53 2 2014 Sep 25 02:44-12:54 4, +17 0.016 1166 21 1 Discovery announced 2014 Sep 26 02:23-12:43 1, +19 0.019 974 10 0 Scheduled 2014 Sep 27 02:06-12:34 359, +20 0.023 834 5 0 Goldstone SNRs assume Ptx = 450 kW and Tsys = 17 K ARECIBO start date window RA, dec dist runs SNR/day SNR/run 2014 Sep 23 04:20-06:35 17, +8 0.009 467 1023 50 2014 Sep 24 03:34-06:10 9, +14 0.012 399 342 18 2014 Sep 25 03:09-05:51 4, +17 0.015 329 133 8 2014 Sep 26 02:51-05:36 1, +19 0.019 262 58 4 2014 Sep 27 02:38-05:23 359, +20 0.022 226 31 2 2014 Sep 28 02:28-05:13 358, +21 0.026 199 17 1 2014 Sep 29 02:19-05:04 356, +22 0.029 171 10 1 2014 Sep 30 02:12-04:56 355, +22 0.033 154 6 1 2014 Oct 01 02:05-04:49 355, +22 0.037 137 4 0 Arecibo SNRs assume Ptx = 400 kW and Tsys = 25 K
Track Assignments
DOY BOA BOT EOT EOA 268 0625 0755 1030 1100 269 0845 1015 1330 1400 270 0555 0725 1220 1250 Goldstone tracks: UT UT PDT Duration Round-trip Asteroid DOY Date TX Window TX Window hh:mm time (sec) 2009 FG19 268 Sep 25 0720-1030 0020-0330 Sep 25 3:10 92 Overlaps Arecibo 2014 ST223 269 Sep 26 0915-1245 0215-0545 Sep 26 3:30 16 2009 FG19 269 Sep 26 0915-1330 0215-0630 Sep 26 4:15 89 Overlaps Arecibo 2009 FG19 270 Sep 27 0720-1220 0020-0520 Sep 27 3:00 90 Start times indicate when we can transmit, which is often less than 90 minutes after we get the telescope. Arecibo tracks: UT UT PDT Duration Round-trip Date TX Window TX Window hh:mm time (sec) Sep 25 0753-1036 0053-0336 Sep 25 2:43 93 Cancelled Sep 26 0740-0959 0040-0259 Sep 26 2:19 89 Cancelled
Uncertainties
2009 FG19 JPL/Horizons solution 39, # obs: 147 (2009-2014) Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta POS_3sigma DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig 2014-Sep-22 00:00 *m 104.13750 54.17423 0.12635031838329 1.795 3.52 12.78 0.000453 2014-Sep-23 00:00 *m 97.35533 48.99345 0.11385214607330 1.987 4.04 14.68 0.000425 2014-Sep-24 00:00 *m 90.79644 42.21872 0.10322520026764 2.157 4.54 16.52 0.000444 2014-Sep-25 00:00 *m 84.60053 33.71227 0.09511447862713 2.255 4.84 17.58 0.000516 2014-Sep-26 00:00 *m 78.86037 23.65959 0.09021592790710 2.232 4.66 16.95 0.000624 2014-Sep-27 00:00 *m 73.62122 12.71677 0.08907420130790 2.081 3.93 14.27 0.000734 2014-Sep-28 00:00 *m 68.88922 1.87711 0.09184058762857 1.862 2.90 10.54 0.000819 2014-Sep-29 00:00 *m 64.64340 -7.95560 0.09819426424786 1.663 2.06 7.49 0.000868 2014-Sep-30 00:00 *m 60.84699 -16.30567 0.10750803208002 1.519 1.67 6.08 0.000885 2014-Oct-01 00:00 *m 57.45607 -23.12210 0.11909467671029 1.420 1.60 5.83 0.000881 2014-Oct-02 00:00 *m 54.42539 -28.58790 0.13236249792610 1.345 1.62 5.89 0.000866 2014-Oct-03 00:00 *m 51.71171 -32.95390 0.14685925774117 1.281 1.63 5.94 0.000847 2014 ST223 JPL/Horizons solution #2, # obs: 10 (2 days): Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta POS_3sigma DOP_S_3sig DOP_X_3sig RT_delay_3sig 2014-Sep-24 00:00 *m 10.51916 12.81324 0.01154610631167 3.587 478.79 1740.12 0.066036 2014-Sep-25 00:00 *m 5.30822 16.26053 0.01487160109694 2.912 505.12 1835.84 0.083851 2014-Sep-26 00:00 *m 1.93249 18.35537 0.01830876319061 7.319 519.51 1888.14 0.102417 2014-Sep-27 00:00 *m 359.58740 19.73671 0.02180987062962 12.438 528.56 1921.01 0.121417 2014-Sep-28 00:00 *m 357.87432 20.70236 0.02535354504598 16.947 534.95 1944.25 0.140704 2014-Sep-29 00:00 *m 356.57604 21.40641 0.02892921149913 20.763 539.93 1962.35 0.160202 2014-Sep-30 00:00 *m 355.56492 21.93560 0.03253129166446 23.976 544.12 1977.59 0.179869 2014-Oct-01 00:00 *m 354.76124 22.34225 0.03615673999246 26.694 547.87 1991.21 0.199682 2014-Oct-02 00:00 *m 354.11277 22.65964 0.03980389076501 29.010 551.37 2003.94 0.219628 2014-Oct-03 00:00 *m 353.58383 22.90994 0.04347187897284 31.001 554.75 2016.22 0.239699 2014-Oct-04 00:00 *m 353.14921 23.10846 0.04716033700638 32.724 558.08 2028.33 0.259893 2014-Oct-05 00:00 *m 352.79056 23.26607 0.05086923484719 34.226 561.41 2040.44 0.280208 Doppler uncertainties on Sep 26 are large. ********************************************************************************************** Apparent Magnitudes, Solar Elongations, Lunar Elongations, and Lunar Illumination: 2009 FG19 Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta APmag S-O-T /r T-O-M/Illu% 2014-Sep-13 00:00 152.61282 66.65828 0.27129776747722 18.54 64.0379 /L 85.5/ 80.2 2014-Sep-14 00:00 149.05904 66.55178 0.25404752664654 18.42 65.0035 /L 76.7/ 70.9 2014-Sep-15 00:00 145.06393 66.31662 0.23691350753846 18.28 66.0865 /L 68.3/ 61.0 2014-Sep-16 00:00 140.58695 65.90641 0.21993862786413 18.12 67.3146 /L 60.6/ 51.0 2014-Sep-17 00:00 135.59948 65.25748 0.20317849098143 17.95 68.7242 /L 54.2/ 41.2 2014-Sep-18 00:00 130.09518 64.28311 0.18670665608579 17.75 70.3636 /L 49.6/ 31.9 2014-Sep-19 00:00 124.10209 62.86649 0.17062241607273 17.52 72.2973 /L 47.6/ 23.4 2014-Sep-20 00:00 117.69319 60.85305 0.15506230641403 17.26 74.6108 /L 48.9/ 15.9 2014-Sep-21 00:00 110.99014 58.04338 0.14021693867545 16.97 77.4164 /L 54.0/ 9.6 2014-Sep-22 00:00 104.15510 54.19073 0.12635464373963 16.65 80.8544 /L 62.4/ 4.8 2014-Sep-23 00:00 97.36979 49.01297 0.11385132170663 16.30 85.0827 /L 73.9/ 1.5 2014-Sep-24 00:00 90.80751 42.24088 0.10321817188482 15.93 90.2331 /L 88.1/ 0.1 Might get swept up by NEOWISE 2014-Sep-25 00:00 84.60823 33.73596 0.09510030423748 15.57 96.3084 /L 104.6/ 0.5 2014-Sep-26 00:00 78.86497 23.68288 0.09019418390626 15.26 103.0241 /L 122.7/ 2.9 2014-Sep-27 00:00 73.62309 12.73735 0.08904539792474 15.04 109.7199 /L 140.5/ 7.3 2014-Sep-28 00:00 68.88880 1.89334 0.09180618168970 14.96 115.5561 /L 154.0/ 13.5 2014-Sep-29 00:00 64.64112 -7.94405 0.09815613515839 14.99 119.9469 /L 154.6/ 21.4 2014-Sep-30 00:00 60.84322 -16.29812 0.10746786775082 15.12 122.8060 /L 143.5/ 30.7 2014-Oct-01 00:00 57.45116 -23.11752 0.11905368886232 15.30 124.4112 /L 129.2/ 41.1 2014-Oct-02 00:00 54.41960 -28.58533 0.13232144258755 15.52 125.1396 /L 115.0/ 52.2 2014-Oct-03 00:00 51.70528 -32.95263 0.14681856548034 15.74 125.3101 /L 101.4/ 63.4 2014-Oct-04 00:00 49.26864 -36.45488 0.16221760794214 15.96 125.1452 /L 89.0/ 74.2 2014-Oct-05 00:00 47.07453 -39.28526 0.17828614810264 16.18 124.7862 /L 77.9/ 83.8 2014-Oct-06 00:00 45.09221 -41.59366 0.19485924874348 16.39 124.3188 /L 68.7/ 91.6 2014-Oct-07 00:00 43.29507 -43.49380 0.21181876473930 16.58 123.7942 /L 61.9/ 97.0 2014-Oct-08 00:00 41.66025 -45.07145 0.22907890342959 16.77 123.2425 /L 58.0/ 99.7 2014-Oct-09 00:00 40.16810 -46.39153 0.24657640895901 16.94 122.6811 /L 57.5/ 99.6 2014-Oct-10 00:00 38.80186 -47.50348 0.26426391627382 17.10 122.1200 /L 60.0/ 96.8 2014-Oct-11 00:00 37.54715 -48.44532 0.28210542008545 17.26 121.5649 /L 64.6/ 91.7 2014-Oct-12 00:00 36.39169 -49.24662 0.30007314962723 17.41 121.0187 /L 70.7/ 84.8 2014-Oct-13 00:00 35.32495 -49.93055 0.31814538509980 17.55 120.4828 /L 77.5/ 76.5 2014-Oct-14 00:00 34.33788 -50.51554 0.33630491274793 17.68 119.9576 /L 84.6/ 67.4 2014-Oct-15 00:00 33.42270 -51.01633 0.35453791849612 17.81 119.4430 /L 91.6/ 57.9 2014-Oct-16 00:00 32.57267 -51.44487 0.37283318604800 17.93 118.9385 /L 98.3/ 48.2 2014 ST223 Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta APmag S-O-T /r T-O-M/Illu% 2014-Sep-24 00:00 10.37333 12.95409 0.01153234017021 19.04 164.2259 /L 162.4/ 0.1 2014-Sep-25 00:00 5.18538 16.36937 0.01486262882513 19.60 163.9971 /L 167.8/ 0.5 2014-Sep-26 00:00 1.82774 18.44239 0.01830307238463 20.10 162.6690 /T 159.0/ 2.9 2014-Sep-27 00:00 359.49659 19.80844 0.02180660345146 20.53 161.2939 /T 146.7/ 7.3 2014-Sep-28 00:00 357.79441 20.76295 0.02535217816932 20.90 160.0717 /T 133.9/ 13.5 2014-Sep-29 00:00 356.50483 21.45858 0.02892940467971 21.23 159.0091 /T 120.9/ 21.4 2014-Sep-30 00:00 355.50077 21.98123 0.03253281181723 21.51 158.0770 /T 107.9/ 30.7 2014-Oct-01 00:00 354.70295 22.38265 0.03615942046452 21.77 157.2448 /T 94.7/ 41.1
Setups
2014 ST223: We know very little about this object, so the bandwidth could be as wide as many tens of Hz or as narrow as less than one Hz. We're going to start with a 1-Hz resolution set up, but if that doesn't work, we'll try different FFTs to search for an echo. 2009 FG19: We measured a bandwidth of about 13 Hz on Sep. 25 so we're expecting a similar bandwidth on Sep. 26. For FG19 we're going to use a setup with 1 Hz resolution. 2014 ST223 CW setup: TX polarization RCP RCV polarization LCP & RCP Frequency hops: no hops (+500 Hz offset) Bandwidth: 10000 Hz (please note the bandwidth) Sampling interval: 1000 x 0.1 usec PFS FFT: 10,000 for 1-Hz resolution 2009 FG19 CW setup: CW TX polarization RCP RCV polarization LCP & RCP Frequency hops: no hops (+500 Hz offset) Bandwidth: 5000 Hz Sampling interval: 2000 x 0.1 usec PFS FFT: 5000 for 1-Hz resolution Ranging setups: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10-usec baud 10 usec code 127 PRP 1270 usec FFT 128 ncoh 1 bandwidth 787 Hz resolution 12.3 Hz TXOFF +100Hz (echo in bin 32 + 8 = 40) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-usec baud 11 usec code 127 PRP 1397 usec FFT 64 ncoh 1 bandwidth 716 Hz resolution 11.2 Hz TXOFF +100 Hz (echo in bin 32 + 9= 41) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-usec baud 1 usec code 255 FFT 512 ncoh 16 bandwidth 245 Hz resolution 0.48 Hz TXOFF +50 Hz ---------------------------------------------------------------------
Instructions
NOTE: Data should be moved to the appropriate subdirectories in aardvark:/export/data0/2009fg19/raw/
POINTING:
OSOD and predicts: 2014 ST223 predicts are on aardvark: /export/data3/osod/ops/2014st223/PUNCH.OUT.14v-14-14.s3 /export/data3/osod/ops/2014st223/PRDX.OUT.14v-14-14.s3 /export/data3/osod/ops/2014st223/EPH.OUT.s3 2009 FG19 predicts are on aardvark: /export/data3/osod/ops/2009fg19/PUNCH.OUT.14v-14-14.s47 /export/data3/osod/ops/2009fg19/PRDX.OUT.14v-14-14.s47 /export/data3/osod/ops/2009fg19/EPH.OUT.s47 POINTING 2014 ST223 Date (UTC) DOY hhmmss RA Dec Macro LHA Dec RTT OSOD 2014 SEP 26 269 090000 0.8190 18.9798 A 0.700 0.300 19.5 s3 2014 SEP 26 269 100000 0.6950 19.0346 A 0.700 0.300 19.7 s3 2014 SEP 26 269 110000 0.5770 19.0867 A 0.600 0.300 19.8 s3 2014 SEP 26 269 120000 0.4670 19.1365 A 0.600 0.300 20.0 s3 2014 SEP 26 269 130000 0.3650 19.1847 A 0.500 0.300 20.1 s3 2009 FG19 Date (UTC) DOY hhmmss RA Dec Macro LHA Dec RTT OSOD 2014 SEP 26 269 090000 76.8590 19.6225 A 5.600 -11.200 89.1 s47 2014 SEP 26 269 100000 76.6340 19.1680 A 5.600 -11.200 89.0 s47 2014 SEP 26 269 110000 76.4090 18.7121 A 5.600 -11.300 89.0 s47 2014 SEP 26 269 120000 76.1840 18.2549 A 5.500 -11.300 88.9 s47 2014 SEP 26 269 130000 75.9590 17.7965 A 5.500 -11.300 88.9 s47 2014 SEP 26 269 140000 75.7360 17.3369 A 5.500 -11.300 88.8 s47 Transmit offsets are given in millidegrees.
PRDX.OUT.14f-14-14.?? TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14 RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA EL
2009 FG19 GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG
============================================================================== Last update: 2014 Sep 27 ------------------------------------------------- Sep 25 <--- UTC ---> OSOD PFS Doppler rcsta rcend Setup Code ncoh Bandwidth Soln FFT Resolution TX Offset Runs HHMMSS-HHMMSS CW no hops 5000 Hz 41 5000 1.0 Hz +500 Hz 10 072137-075103 10 us 127 1 787 Hz 41 64 12.3 Hz +100 Hz 2 080021-080458 11 us 127 1 716 Hz 41 64 11.2 Hz +100 Hz 2 081346-081823 1 us 255 4 980 Hz 43 128 7.66 Hz +100 Hz 10 082852-085717 CW no hops 5000 Hz 45 5000 1.0 Hz +500 Hz 29 090155-103015 ------------------------------------------------- Sep 26 CW no hops 5000 Hz 47 5000 1.0 Hz +500 Hz 10 103819-110629 10 us 127 1 787 Hz 47 64 12.3 Hz +100 Hz 3 111615-112338 1 us 255 4 980 Hz 47 128 7.66 Hz +100 Hz 13 113256-120958 CW no hops 5000 Hz 47 5000 1.0 Hz +500 Hz 26 121411-132955 PO problem during the last 8-9 CW runs: they're BAD ------------------------------------------------- Sep 27 CW no hops 5000 Hz 49 10000 0.5 Hz +500 Hz 10 072132-075002 1 us 255 4 980 Hz 49 512 1.9 Hz +100 Hz 88 075726-121954 -------------------------------------------------
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412 Mail Stop 183-601 | FAX: (818) 393-4445 Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance.benner@jpl.nasa.gov California Institute of Technology | Plan: To live long and prosper Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2009FG19/2009FG19_planning.html
Asteroid Radar Astronomy