2007 TU24 Planning

Background

2007 TU24 was discovered by the Catalina Sky Survey (Arizona) on October 11, 2007.
This object's 1.4-lunar-distance approach on Jan. 29 is the closest for any 
known Potentially Hazardous Asteroid until 2027.  

Prior to the radar observations, nothing was known about 2007 TU24's physical
properties other than its absolute magnitude of 20.1, which implied a 
diameter of ~0.3 km (assuming a typical S-class albedo).  We now know that
it's somewhat elongated, rotates slowly (roughly once per day), and has
a long axis of about 250 meters.

The signal-to-noise ratios have been very strong and we have obtained
high-resolution imaging using both Goldstone and Arecibo.

Goldstone observations are scheduled on January 23 and Arecibo observations are 
scheduled on January 27-28 and February 1-4.  Note that Goldstone observations straddle 
the January 23-24 date boundary.

This object will brighten to about 11th magnitude in late January
when it will be a target for photometric and spectroscopic observations.

Orbital and Physical Characteristics
 orbit type               Apollo
 semimajor axis           2.010 AU     
 eccentricity             0.529        
 inclination              5.8°       
 perihelion distance      0.947 AU     
 aphelion distance        3.073 AU     
 absolute magnitude (H)  20.1
 diameter                 roughly 250 meters 
 rotation period          roughly one day
 pole direction           unknown
 lightcurve amplitude     unknown
 spectral class           unknown

We would like to thank the following stations, which have provided astrometry
since we announced our intentions to schedule radar observations of this object:

046 Klet Observatory                     Czech Republic
143 Gnosca Observatory                   Switzerland
151 Eschenberg Observatory               Switzerland
176 Observatorio Astronomico de Consell  Spain
204 Schiaparelli Observatory             Italy
235 CAST Observatory                     Italy
246 Klet Observatory KLENOT              Czech Republic
415 Kambah                               Australia
432 Boambee                              Australia
448 Desert Moon Observatory              New Mexico, USA
473 Remanzacco Observatory               Italy
480 Cockfield                            United Kingdom
560 Madonna di Dossobuono                Italy
A48 Lelekovice Observatory               Czech Republic
A77 Observatoire Chante-Perdrix          France
A78 Osservatorio di Stia                 Italy
B34 Green Island Observatory             Cyprus
E12 Siding Spring                        Australia
H45 Petit Jean Mountain South            Arkansas, USA
I77 CEAMIG-REA Observatory               Brazil
J46 Observatorio Montana Blanca          Spain
J76 Observatorio La Murta                Spain

2007 TU24 INTERVAL OF CLOSE APPROACH PREDICTIBILITY

These lists of planetary encounters <0.1 AU terminate at the last Earth encounter prior to the linearized 3-standard-deviation (3 sigma) time of close approach uncertainty (TCA3Sg) exceeding +/- 10 days. The nominal distance is the highest probability approach distance of the reference trajectory to the given body. Minimum and Maximum are the 3-sigma distances from the body at the nominal encounter time. Vrel is the nominal relative velocity. Integrations were performed using the DE403 planetary ephemeris and include relativistic perturbations due to the Sun, planets, and Moon, and asteroids Ceres, Pallas, and Vesta. Calendar dates after 1582-Oct-15 are reported in the Gregorian Calendar. Prior to that, dates are reported in Julian Calendar. "CA dist" is the highest probability approach distance of the reference trajectory to the given body. The limits of predictability for objects having multiple planetary encounters over centuries will normally be affected by additional factors such as radiation pressure, Yarkovsky acceleration, planetary mass uncertainties, and asteroid perturbations. These factors are not included here, since the relevant physical models are imprecisely defined and key parameters are unmeasured.

---------------------------------------------------
From Jon Giorgini, 2008 Jan. 18:

The 2007 TU24 sol #17 interval is now 1890 - 2008.
This is largely due to there not being other close approaches for the next 
few decades after this very close approach in 2008 (0.0037 AU) and then a 
somewhat close one in 2046 (0.019 AU). 

   Date (CT)      Body   CA Dist  MinDist  MaxDist   Vrel  TCA3Sg  Nsigs  P_i/p
----------------- -----  -------  -------  -------  ------ ------ ------ -------
1750 Nov 27.50180 Earth  .089278  .081438  .136523   9.368 23142. 25317. .000000
....
1890 Dec 04.01632 Earth  .084277  .079805  .089713   9.040 3754.7 22823. .000000
1911 Jan 03.56964 Earth  .054638  .045672  .064380   8.072 10714. 11733. .000000
1930 Dec 06.90665 Earth  .080687  .075038  .092864   8.939 10151. 23371. .000000
1960 Jan 24.70670 Vesta  .054213  .019047  .090536  12.291 1567.5 1515.9 .000000
1999 Dec 30.34491 Vesta  .083841  .074741  .092945  12.613 471.02 931.17 .000000
2008 Jan 29.35570 Earth  .003704  .003702  .003706   9.248   7.52 7626.1 .000000
....
2029 Jan 07.16022 Vesta  .088738  .068060  .109525  11.258 390.99 1924.1 .000000
2046 Jan 18.30808 Earth  .019217  .004279  .059568   8.193 21570. 4936.4 .000000

---------------------------------------------------

From Jon Giorgini, 2008 Feb. 04:

The 2007 TU24 solution #44 close approach prediction window is 1470-2113.

          Date (CT)       Body   CA Dist  MinDist  MaxDist   Vrel  TCA3Sg  Nsigs  P_i/p
  ----------------------  -----  -------  -------  -------  ------ ------ ------ -------
  A.D. 1450 Nov 28.00497  Earth  .078089  .077554  .084896   8.290 17522. 1.76E6 .000000
....
  A.D. 1470 Nov 17.95104  Earth  .081717  .079747  .085869   8.728 6081.1 1.40E6 .000000
  A.D. 1490 Nov 23.52902  Earth  .078120  .076921  .079685   8.353 3211.0 1.49E6 .000000
  A.D. 1510 Nov 27.20429  Earth  .076766  .076285  .077304   8.271 1489.3 1.62E6 .000000
  A.D. 1517 Mar 14.50716  Vesta  .077123  .075319  .078939  11.172  30.13 2.18E5 .000000
  A.D. 1539 Mar 17.80367  Mars   .090875  .090460  .091297  13.871  73.44 8.65E5 .000000
  A.D. 1557 Feb 14.72994  Vesta  .092437  .090256  .094627  11.061  44.11 2.16E5 .000000
  A.D. 1608 Feb 04.45474  Earth  .084371  .081659  .087072  11.716 406.22 3.62E5 .000000
  A.D. 1616 May 06.17762  Mars   .083856  .083693  .084065  14.787 143.18 8.87E5 .000000
  A.D. 1670 Dec 23.78116  Earth  .064979  .064320  .065644   8.063 1019.2 1.98E6 .000000
  A.D. 1690 Dec 24.42883  Earth  .065536  .064774  .066307   8.108 1197.5 1.90E6 .000000
  A.D. 1710 Dec 08.55167  Earth  .076478  .076230  .076736   8.436 565.22 1.57E6 .000000
  A.D. 1730 Dec 22.40142  Earth  .065086  .064787  .065387   8.007 478.85 1.78E6 .000000
  A.D. 1750 Nov 29.98534  Earth  .085030  .084874  .085189   9.078 139.84 1.32E6 .000000
  A.D. 1788 Feb 07.57204  Earth  .095835  .095503  .096167  11.866  48.45 93904. .000000
  A.D. 1890 Dec 04.38188  Earth  .083648  .083625  .083671   9.002  18.03 1.31E6 .000000
  A.D. 1911 Jan 02.49449  Earth  .055972  .055914  .056030   8.069  69.54 1.66E6 .000000
  A.D. 1930 Dec 05.81895  Earth  .082135  .082069  .082202   9.033  63.48 1.36E6 .000000
  A.D. 1960 Jan 24.55361  Vesta  .049035  .048809  .049260  12.242   9.63 54113. .000000
  A.D. 1999 Dec 30.29962  Vesta  .082524  .082468  .082581  12.601   2.90 37179. .000000
  A.D. 2008 Jan 29.35752  Earth  .003704  .003704  .003704   9.248   0.00 1.04E6 .000000
  A.D. 2029 Jan 07.19721  Vesta  .086088  .085954  .086223  11.282   2.67 76539. .000000
  A.D. 2046 Jan 20.19546  Earth  .014466  .014226  .014706   8.302 134.49 4.24E5 .000000
  A.D. 2081 Jan 03.46980  Earth  .044795  .038699  .051083   7.788 6094.7 1.00E6 .000000
  A.D. 2113 Jan 17.55150  Earth  .024017  .018982  .029138   8.096 3266.0 1.09E5 .000000
....
  A.D. 2168 Jan 29.96452  Earth  .006724  .000748  .082409   8.948 31020. 2.18E5 .000000


Last update: 2008 February 28

Discovery

SNR Calculation

Goldstone Track Assignments

Uncertainties

Setups

Discovery


M.P.E.C. 2007-T86                                Issued 2007 Oct. 12, 15:41 UT

     The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual
         minor planets and routine data on comets.  They are published
   on behalf of Commission 20 of the International Astronomical Union by the
          Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory,
                          Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.

             Prepared using the Tamkin Foundation Computer Network

                              MPC@CFA.HARVARD.EDU
          URL http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/mpc.html  ISSN 1523-6714

                                   2007 TU24

Observations:
     K07T24U* C2007 10 11.26838 00 43 17.43 -14 27 58.9          20.3 V ET086703
     K07T24U  C2007 10 11.27553 00 43 16.68 -14 28 08.5          19.7 V ET086703
     K07T24U  C2007 10 11.28268 00 43 16.06 -14 28 18.8          19.8 V ET086703
     K07T24U  C2007 10 11.28980 00 43 15.42 -14 28 28.5          19.7 V ET086703
     K07T24U  C2007 10 11.32526 00 43 12.24 -14 29 17.7          18.9 R ET086651
     K07T24U  C2007 10 11.32635 00 43 12.11 -14 29 19.5          19.0 R ET086651
     K07T24U  C2007 10 11.32745 00 43 12.03 -14 29 20.6          19.1 R ET086651
     K07T24U  C2007 10 11.33834 00 43 10.82 -14 29 37.3          19.3 R ET086649
     K07T24U  C2007 10 11.34012 00 43 10.66 -14 29 39.1          19.4 R ET086649
     K07T24U  C2007 10 11.34189 00 43 10.50 -14 29 41.7          19.4 R ET086649
     K07T24U  C2007 10 11.34367 00 43 10.35 -14 29 44.1          19.6 R ET086649
     K07T24U  C2007 10 11.34406 00 43 10.54 -14 29 43.5          19.5 V ET086703
     K07T24U  C2007 10 11.34535 00 43 10.42 -14 29 45.2          19.4 V ET086703
     K07T24U  C2007 10 11.34660 00 43 10.36 -14 29 46.8          19.4 V ET086703
     K07T24U  C2007 10 11.34788 00 43 10.21 -14 29 48.5          19.4 V ET086703
     K07T24U  C2007 10 12.04776 00 42 11.75 -14 45 49.7          19.7 R ET086204
     K07T24U VC2007 10 12.07418 00 42 09.39 -14 46 25.7                 ET086204
     K07T24U 5C2007 10 12.24792 00 41 55.90 -14 50 21.4          19.8 R ET086673
     K07T24U 5C2007 10 12.25556 00 41 55.16 -14 50 31.8                 ET086673
     K07T24U 5C2007 10 12.25939 00 41 54.83 -14 50 37.1                 ET086673
     K07T24U 5C2007 10 12.26366 00 41 54.40 -14 50 43.3                 ET086673
     K07T24U  C2007 10 12.32721 00 41 48.44 -14 52 09.6          20.4 V ET086G96
     K07T24U  C2007 10 12.33012 00 41 48.19 -14 52 13.3          20.3 V ET086G96
     K07T24U  C2007 10 12.33315 00 41 47.90 -14 52 17.6          20.4 V ET086G96
     K07T24U  C2007 10 12.33612 00 41 47.61 -14 52 21.7          20.4 V ET086G96
     K07T24U  C2007 10 12.48461 00 41 35.54 -14 55 20.1          19.1 R ET086474
     K07T24U  C2007 10 12.49065 00 41 35.05 -14 55 28.2          19.3 R ET086474
     K07T24U  C2007 10 12.49456 00 41 34.63 -14 55 33.5          19.6 R ET086474

Observer details:
204 Schiaparelli Observatory.  Observer L. Buzzi.  0.60-m f/4.64 reflector
    + CCD.
474 Mount John Observatory, Lake Tekapo.  Observer A. C. Gilmore.  1.0-m f/7.7
    reflector + CCD.
649 Powell Observatory, Louisburg.  Observer R. Trentman.  0.75-m Newtonian
    reflector + CCD.
651 Grasslands Observatory, Tucson.  Observer J. E. McGaha.  0.62-m f/5.1
    Newtonian reflector + CCD.
673 Table Mountain Observatory, Wrightwood.  Observer J. Young.  0.61-m f/16
    Cassegrain + CCD.
703 Catalina Sky Survey.  Observer A. R. Gibbs.  Measurers E. C. Beshore,
    A. Boattini, G. J. Garradd, A. R. Gibbs, A. D. Grauer, R. E. Hill,
    R. A. Kowalski, S. M. Larson, R. H. McNaught.  0.68-m Schmidt + CCD.
G96 Mt. Lemmon Survey.  Observer R. E. Hill.  Measurers E. C. Beshore,
    A. Boattini, G. J. Garradd, A. R. Gibbs, A. D. Grauer, R. E. Hill,
    R. A. Kowalski, S. M. Larson, R. H. McNaught.  1.5-m reflector + CCD.

Orbital elements:
2007 TU24                                           PHA, Earth MOID = 0.0020 AU
Epoch 2007 Oct. 27.0 TT = JDT 2454400.5                 MPC
M 333.79889              (2000.0)            P               Q
n   0.35634381     Peri.  332.82831     -0.19255638     -0.97802991
a   1.9704098      Node   128.16526     +0.91775890     -0.20830345
e   0.5177099      Incl.    5.83064     +0.34733362     +0.00819514
P   2.77           H   20.1           G   0.15           U   9
Residuals in seconds of arc
071011 703  1.0+  0.9+    071011 649  0.0   0.5-    071012 673  0.2-  0.1-
071011 703  0.6-  1.1+    071011 703  0.1-  0.2-    071012 G96  0.0   0.0
071011 703  0.2-  0.6+    071011 703  0.2-  0.2-    071012 G96  0.2+  0.3+
071011 703  0.2-  0.7+    071011 703  0.6+  0.1-    071012 G96  0.0   0.1+
071011 651  0.1+  0.2-    071011 703  0.1+  0.0     071012 G96  0.2-  0.0
071011 651  0.4-  0.5-    071012 204  0.1+  0.1-    071012 474  0.5-  0.2-
071011 651  0.1-  0.1-    071012 204  0.1-  0.3-    071012 474  0.3+  0.1-
071011 649  0.0   0.9-    071012 673  0.7+  0.2+    071012 474  0.6-  0.0
071011 649  0.1-  0.3-    071012 673  0.1+  0.3+
071011 649  0.1-  0.5-    071012 673  0.4+  0.3+

Ephemeris:
2007 TU24                a,e,i = 1.97, 0.52, 6                   q = 0.9503
Date    TT    R. A. (2000) Decl.     Delta      r     Elong.  Phase     V
2007 10 07    00 48.88   -12 50.4    0.456    1.440   161.9    12.4    19.9
2007 10 17    00 35.00   -16 37.0    0.404    1.366   151.5    20.4    19.8
2007 10 27    00 19.77   -20 01.3    0.367    1.293   138.6    30.5    19.8
2007 11 06    00 05.96   -22 37.0    0.340    1.222   125.8    41.2    19.8
2007 11 16    23 56.14   -24 12.2    0.317    1.154   113.9    51.6    19.8
2007 11 26    23 51.70   -24 51.4    0.292    1.093   103.4    61.5    19.8
2007 12 06    23 52.56   -24 47.0    0.263    1.039    94.3    71.1    19.8
2007 12 16    23 58.01   -24 09.2    0.228    0.995    86.2    80.6    19.7
2007 12 26    00 06.99   -23 06.2    0.186    0.966    79.1    90.0    19.5
2008 01 05    00 18.68   -21 33.2    0.139    0.951    72.7    99.3    19.3
2008 01 15    00 35.32   -18 43.4    0.0881   0.954    67.9   107.2    18.7
2008 01 25    01 18.22   -08 51.2    0.0372   0.973    71.1   106.8    16.9
2008 02 04    09 30.33   +43 51.1    0.0240   1.007   152.2    27.1    13.2
2008 02 14    11 25.42   +31 22.6    0.0749   1.054   151.2    26.9    15.8
2008 02 24    11 37.95   +27 55.2    0.131    1.110   155.2    21.9    17.0
2008 03 05    11 39.14   +25 49.3    0.193    1.174   158.5    18.1    17.8
2008 03 15    11 37.99   +23 54.2    0.263    1.243   158.2    17.3    18.6
2008 03 25    11 37.58   +21 54.5    0.343    1.315   154.4    19.1    19.3
2008 04 04    11 38.93   +19 49.6    0.433    1.388   148.6    22.1    20.1
2008 04 14    11 42.42   +17 40.2    0.535    1.463   142.0    24.9    20.7
2008 04 24    11 47.97   +15 28.8    0.649    1.537   135.4    27.4    21.3
2008 05 04    11 55.27   +13 17.6    0.774    1.610   128.8    29.2    21.9

Timothy B. Spahr             (C) Copyright 2007 MPC           M.P.E.C. 2007-T86

SNR Calculation

2007 TU24
General assumptions: D = 0.30 km,  P = 4.0 h,  OC albedo = 0.10,  subradar lat = 0.0 deg

ARECIBO:  G = 10.00 K/Jy,  Tsys = 25.0 K,  P = 900 kW,  elev >= 70.3 deg,  unhopped

                                                      Monostatic
               UTC                    Dist.     #     SNR/    SNR/
 start date    window        RA  Dec  (AU)     runs   day     run
----------------------------------------------------------------------
2008 Jan 27    20:25-21:21   12    0  0.009     95   410000  44000 
2008 Jan 28    20:07-22:31   22   30  0.004    315  11x10^6 649000
...too far north for Arecibo to track on Jan. 29-31...
2008 Feb 01    07:00-08:22  179   36  0.016     98    51000   5600 
2008 Feb 02    06:43-08:42  180   33  0.021    118    25000   2600
2008 Feb 03    06:34-08:48  181   31  0.027    113    12000   1200  
2008 Feb 04    06:28-08:50  182   30  0.032    104     6100    640 
2008 Feb 05    06:23-08:49  182   29  0.037     95     3400    370
2008 Feb 06    06:19-08:48  182   28  0.042     87     2100    230
2008 Feb 07    06:14-08:45  182   28  0.048     80     1300    150
2008 Feb 08    06:10-08:43  182   27  0.053     74      880    110
2008 Feb 09    06:05-08:39  182   27  0.058     69      600     77

GOLDSTONE:  G =  0.94 K/Jy,  Tsys = 18.0 K,  P = 440 kW,  elev >= 20.0 deg,  unhopped
(DSS-14 is unavailable for the best dates.)

                                                      Monostatic
               UTC                    Dist.     #     SNR/    SNR/
 start date    window        RA  Dec  (AU)     runs   day     run
----------------------------------------------------------------------
2008 Jan 20-21 21:10-03:13    5  -20  0.044    204       91      7
2008 Jan 21-22 21:04-03:13    6  -19  0.039    231      150     11 
2008 Jan 22-23 20:57-03:15    6  -18  0.034    265      270     18 
2008 Jan 23-24 20:50-03:19    7  -17  0.029    311      530     33  
2008 Jan 24-25 20:41-03:25    7  -16  0.023    376     1200     68 
2008 Jan 25-26 20:30-03:37    8  -13  0.018    473     3300    170
2008 Jan 26-27 20:15-03:59    9   -8  0.013    634    13000    560
2008 Jan 27-28 19:52-04:53   13    2  0.008    700    79000   3200
2008 Jan 28    19:12-14:49   26   39  0.004    700   850000  35000
2008 Jan 30    01:47-17:14  167   54  0.007    700   130000   5500
2008 Jan 31    04:32-17:04  177   41  0.012    700    20000    820
2008 Feb 01    05:01-16:56  179   35  0.017    700     5600    230
2008 Feb 02    05:12-16:50  181   32  0.022    676     2100     89
2008 Feb 03    05:16-16:44  181   31  0.027    570      930     42

Goldstone DSS-14 will be offline for maintenance from Jan. 25-Feb. 15.

Track Assignments



        UT           UT      PST                     AST               Duration  Round-trip
DOY     Date      TX Window  TX Window               TX Window         hh:mm     time (sec)   
---     ----      ---------  ---------               ---------         -------   ---------    
GOLDSTONE:

023-024 Jan 23-24 2255-0340  1455-1940 Jan 23        1855-2340 Jan 23   4:45      28          
Monostatic.  Was very successful.  Refined orbit twice.  CW and 1/8-usec images.

ARECIBO: 

027     Jan 27    2025-2121  1225-1331 Jan 27        1626-1731 Jan 27   1:06       9  
Monostatic using the P-band (430-MHz, 70-cm) system.  Failed due to TXR problem.

028     Jan 28    2007-2231  1207-1431 Jan 28        1607-1831 Jan 28   2:24       4
Bistatic with GBT, some setups using simultaneous reception at DSS-13.  
Successful 0.1-usec and 0.05-usec imaging.

032     Feb 01    0700-0822  2300-0022 Jan 31-Feb 01 0300-0422 Feb 01   1:22      16
Plan:  Bistatic with DSS-13 for 0.1-usec imaging.

033     Feb 02    0643-0842  2243-0042 Feb 01-02     0243-0442 Feb 02   1:59      21
Plan:  Bistatic with GBT for 0.05-usec imaging.

034     Feb 03    0634-0848  2234-0048 Feb 02-03     0234-0448 Feb 03   2:14      27
Plan:  Bistatic with GBT for 0.05-usec imaging.

035     Feb 04    0628-0850  2228-0050 Feb 03-04     0228-0450 Feb 04   2:22      32
Plan:  Bistatic with GBT for 0.05-usec imaging.

Uncertainties

From JPL/Horizons (2008 January 15), solution 16: # obs: 98 (2007-2008)
                    
Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(J2000.0)_DEC. Dist. (AU)  POS_3sigma   DOP_X-sig  RT_delay-sig
 2008-Jan-23 00:00       5.97     -18.34   0.0339        26.476      151.00      0.064045
 2008-Jan-24 00:00       6.41     -17.24   0.0286        39.843      150.64      0.062505
 2008-Jan-25 00:00       6.99     -15.63   0.0234        63.541      149.75      0.060891
 2008-Jan-26 00:00       7.86     -13.11   0.0182       111.079      147.75      0.059093
 2008-Jan-27 00:00       9.35      -8.58   0.0130       226.722      142.72      0.056732
 2008-Jan-28 00:00      12.59       1.69   0.0081       615.575      125.33      0.051878
 2008-Jan-29 00:00      25.11      35.93   0.0041      2452.722       29.93      0.027362
 2008-Jan-30 00:00     150.33      64.90   0.0050      1700.035      134.08      0.035520
 2008-Jan-31 00:00     174.11      44.63   0.0095       497.971      146.72      0.047855
 2008-Feb-01 00:00     178.35      37.14   0.0145       222.782      147.97      0.049189
 2008-Feb-02 00:00     180.06      33.49   0.0197       127.847      147.89      0.048750
 2008-Feb-03 00:00     180.97      31.35   0.0250        84.950      147.44      0.047825
 2008-Feb-04 00:00     181.51      29.95   0.0302        62.162      146.80      0.046726

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
From Jon Giorgini, 2008 January 18:

With 101 usable optical measurements (2007-Oct-11 to 2008-Jan-17), 
2007 TU24 solution #17 was estimated. Formal 3-sigma X-band uncertainties
are shown below.

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN  POS_3sigma    DOP_S-sig  DOP_X-sig  RT_delay-sig
 2008-Jan-22 00:00     7.69707518  26.13      93.45      0.033391
 2008-Jan-23 00:00    11.4638218   26.11      93.40      0.032552
 2008-Jan-24 00:00    17.7192359   26.05      93.17      0.031702
 2008-Jan-25 00:00    28.9836184   25.90      92.65      0.030824
 2008-Jan-26 00:00    51.8903738   25.58      91.51      0.029867
 2008-Jan-27 00:00   108.314655    24.79      88.67      0.028647
 2008-Jan-28 00:00   300.341375    22.08      78.98      0.026221
 2008-Jan-29 00:00  1220.43417      7.27      26.00      0.014060
 2008-Jan-30 00:00   861.471428    22.20      79.41      0.017504
 2008-Jan-31 00:00   256.596742    25.37      90.73      0.023774
 2008-Feb-01 00:00   116.497826    25.80      92.28      0.024468
 2008-Feb-02 00:00    67.6666292   25.88      92.56      0.024259
 2008-Feb-03 00:00    45.3659166   25.86      92.51      0.023811
 2008-Feb-04 00:00    33.3808409   25.81      92.32      0.023283
 2008-Feb-05 00:00    26.2224509   25.74      92.08      0.022732

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
From Jon Giorgini, 2008 January 23

With 104 optical measurements (2007-Oct-11 to 2008-Jan-18),
2007 TU24 solution #20 was computed. Formal 3-sigma X-band
uncertainties are below.

At the start of the window, solution #20 is about +10 Hz
and +419 usec relative to previous solution #17.

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN   POS_3sigma  DOP_X-sig  RT_delay-sig
 2008-Jan-22 00:00   6.25453890      87.79      0.029854
 2008-Jan-23 00:00   9.50279641      87.73      0.029082
 2008-Jan-24 00:00   14.9319970      87.52      0.028303
 2008-Jan-25 00:00   24.7601858      87.03      0.027502
 2008-Jan-26 00:00   44.8390588      85.98      0.026634
 2008-Jan-27 00:00   94.5059571      83.37      0.025538
 2008-Jan-28 00:00   264.202572      74.47      0.023385
 2008-Jan-29 00:00   1081.40959      25.65      0.012624
 2008-Jan-30 00:00   769.561536      73.90      0.015461
 2008-Jan-31 00:00   230.400577      85.21      0.021072
 2008-Feb-01 00:00   105.052665      86.82      0.021697
 2008-Feb-02 00:00   61.2264509      87.14      0.021516
 2008-Feb-03 00:00   41.1479145      87.13      0.021121
 2008-Feb-04 00:00   30.3207901      86.99      0.020658
 2008-Feb-05 00:00   23.8305904      86.80      0.020178

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
From Jon Giorgini, 2008 January 24

With 106 optical measurements (2007-Oct-11 to 2008-Jan-23)
2 Doppler and 1 delay from DSS-14, solution #24 3-sigma
uncertainties are shown below (at 6 hours intervals) for
the next experiment.

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     POS_3sigma  DOP_S-sig  DOP_X-sig  RT_delay-sig
 2008-Jan-26 00:00      5.27758313      0.26       0.92      0.000038
 2008-Jan-26 06:00      5.70946468      0.25       0.91      0.000040
 2008-Jan-26 12:00      6.21049520      0.25       0.90      0.000042
 2008-Jan-26 18:00      6.79764415      0.25       0.89      0.000046
 2008-Jan-27 00:00      7.49341338      0.25       0.89      0.000051
 2008-Jan-27 06:00      8.32791018      0.24       0.87      0.000058
 2008-Jan-27 12:00      9.34151517      0.24       0.86      0.000067
 2008-Jan-27 18:00     10.5876613       0.23       0.84      0.000080
 2008-Jan-28 00:00     12.1332873       0.23       0.81      0.000099
 2008-Jan-28 06:00     14.0478602       0.22       0.78      0.000124
 2008-Jan-28 12:00     16.3513148       0.21       0.75      0.000159
 2008-Jan-28 18:00     18.8444742       0.20       0.73      0.000207
 2008-Jan-29 00:00     20.7658045       0.22       0.78      0.000266
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
From Jon Giorgini, 2008 January 28

With 194 optical (2007-Oct-11 to 2008-Jan-28) and two Doppler measurements,
2007 TU24 solution #32 was computed. Formal 3-sigma S-band uncertainties are
shown below.

During experiment:
 Date__(UT)__HR:MN   POS_3sigma  DOP_S-sig  RT_delay-sig
 2008-Jan-28 19:00   2.54417996       0.19      0.000119
 2008-Jan-28 20:00   2.80782245       0.19      0.000117
 2008-Jan-28 21:00   3.08935263       0.19      0.000115
 2008-Jan-28 22:00   3.38731640       0.20      0.000112
 2008-Jan-28 23:00   3.69962221       0.20      0.000109

Later:
 2008-Jan-29 00:00   4.02351710       0.20      0.000106
 2008-Jan-30 00:00   5.35346648       0.23      0.000039
 2008-Jan-31 00:00   2.41999627       0.21      0.000084
 2008-Feb-01 00:00   1.50475444       0.20      0.000096
 2008-Feb-02 00:00   1.12293064       0.20      0.000102
 2008-Feb-03 00:00   0.923422494      0.20      0.000106
 2008-Feb-04 00:00   0.803626875      0.20      0.000109
 2008-Feb-05 00:00   0.724736119      0.20      0.000112

This looks like a very good solution in terms of data and fit quality.  Maximum
pointing uncertainties on Jan 29 have collapsed from 88" two days ago to 7"
(3-sigma).

However, Doppler uncertainties above could optimistic, with Hz level offsets 
encountered. The rate of change of relative position is such that any hidden 
systematic errors not reflected above (in the covariance mapping) will 
present themselves.

NOTE: Solution #32 is now in Horizons for GBT pointing, 
      Everything prior to #32 should be considered obsolete.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
From Jon Giorgini, 2008 January 31

Solution #42 includes 5 Doppler and 2 delay measurements.
308 optical measurements to Jan 31.

Residuals:                                            post-fit std.error 
AR2008 128.904167 214200   4.367399584    -9  Delay     2.543   10.000
AP2008 128.904167 214200     79806.944    -9  Doppler   0.621    1.000
AP2008 128.884028 211300     82898.808    -9  Doppler   0.656    1.000
AR2008 128.884028 211300   4.426879648    -9  Delay     1.611   10.000
AP2008 128.852083 202700     87620.706    -9  Doppler   0.108    0.200
AP2008 123.979167 233000    523285.055   -14  Doppler  -0.033    0.250
AP2008 123.958333 230000    525966.717   -14  Doppler  -0.048    0.500

Fitting delay-only does not change the Doppler pass-through 
residuals more than 10%; still under 1 Hz. 

3-sigma formal uncertainties:
 Date__(UT)__HR:MN   POS_3sigma  DOP_S-sig  RT_delay-sig
 2008-Jan-31 00:00   0.411081290     0.18      0.000021
 2008-Feb-01 00:00   0.350959235     0.19      0.000025
 2008-Feb-02 00:00   0.325254580     0.19      0.000031
 2008-Feb-03 00:00   0.311872914     0.18      0.000037
 2008-Feb-04 00:00   0.303924553     0.18      0.000043
 2008-Feb-05 00:00   0.298727030     0.19      0.000049

Setups


Standard CW Setup
-----------------
TX polarization           RCP
RCV polarization          LCP & RCP
Frequency hops:           2
Dwell                    10 seconds
Bandwidth:              4000 Hz  
Sampling interval:      2500 x 0.1 usec 
VME FFT for PSD files:  4096 for 0.98-Hz resolution  


Possible ranging setups:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 10-usec single sample
baud             10 usec
code            127
gates           127
PRP            1270 usec
FFT              64   
CLT       VME     ?
          PFS     ?
ncoh              1
bandwidth       787.4 Hz   
resolution       12.3 Hz
TXOFF          +100 Hz -> echo will be centered at +8 bins or in bin 32 + 8 = 40
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 11-usec single sample
baud             11 usec
code            127
gates           127
PRP            1397 usec
FFT              64  
CLT       VME     ?
          PFS     ?
ncoh              1
bandwidth       715.8 Hz   
resolution       11.2 Hz
TXOFF          +100 Hz --> echo will be centered at +9 bins or in bin 32 + 9 = 41
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 7-usec single sample
baud              7 usec
code            127
gates           127
PRP             889
FFT              64
CLT        VME    ?
           PFS    ?
ncoh              1
bandwidth      1124.9 Hz   
resolution       17.6 Hz
TXOFF           +60 -> echo would be centered at +3.4 bins w/perfect ephemeris
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 1-usec single sample
baud            1 usec
code            127
gates           127
PRP             127
FFT             64
CLT             4
ncoh            15
bandwidth       525 Hz   
resolution      8.2 Hz
TXOFF           +100 -> echo would be centered at +12.2 bins  or in bin 32 + 12.2 = 44
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.125-usec ranging 
setup           JX1XS001 revised 
baud              0.125 usec
code            127
gates           127
FFT              64
ncoh            984
bandwidth        64.016384 Hz     
resolution       1.000256 Hz
TXOFF          +15 Hz to put echo at 32 + 15 = bin 47
PFS CLT gate    ?
VME CLT gate    ?

_______________________________________________________________________
POSSIBLE RANGING SETUPS: (code=127, FFT=64, single-pol'n) 
   These are from JX, w/ max-band (min-acc) options from Ray Jurgens.
   Currently configured for 5-sec records.
_______________________________________________________________________
 Setup        Baud        RP         1-acc 1-acc      
            usec   m      usec        band   res    acc  band     res 
_______________________________________________________________________
 
JX1XS110  11.000 1650    1397.0      715.8  11.2      2   358     5.6
JX1XS070   7.000 1050     889.0     1124.9  17.6      3   375     5.9
                                                      
JX1XS020   2.000  300     254.0     3937.0  61.5     12   328     5.1
                                                      4   984    15.4 

JX1XS010   1.000  150     127.0     7874.0 123.0     41   192     3.0 
                                                      8   984    15.4 

JX1XS005   0.500   75      63.5    15748.0 246.1    123   128     2.0 
                                                     15  1050    16.4 

JX1XS002   0.250   37.5    31.75   31496.1 492.1    492    64     1.0
                                                     30  1050    16.4 
 
JX1XS001   0.125   18.75   15.875  62992.1 984.3   1970    32     0.5 
                                                     60  1050    16.4 
______________________________________________________________________

Instructions

NOTE: Data should be moved to the appropriate subdirectories in aardvark:/export/data0/2007TU24/raw/

2007 TU24 POINTING:

OSOD and predicts will be at Goldstone on aardvark and stealth to
receive 2380 at DSS-13 with these files: 

/export/data0/2007TU24/support/DSS-13.PRDX.OUT.01-13-13.s42  
/export/data0/2007TU24/support/DSS-13.PUNCH.OUT.01-13-13.s42 
/export/data0/2007TU24/support/DSS-13.EPH.OUT.10-MIN.s42     

and

/export/home0/jongi/ops/2007tu24/DSS-13.PRDX.OUT.01-13-13.s42
/export/home0/jongi/ops/2007tu24/DSS-13.PUNCH.OUT.01-13-13.s42
/export/home0/jongi/ops/2007tu24/DSS-13.EPH.OUT.10-MIN.s42


POINTING  

Date (UTC)  hhmmss    RA       Dec     OSOD 

Marco A
2008-Feb-01 07:00   179.1884 +35.9010   42
2008-Feb-01 07:10   179.1982 +35.8752 
2008-Feb-01 07:20   179.2076 +35.8495 

Macro B
2008-Feb-01 07:20   179.2076 +35.8495
2008-Feb-01 07:30   179.2168 +35.8238 
2008-Feb-01 07:40   179.2257 +35.7982 

Macro C
2008-Feb-01 07:40   179.2257 +35.7982
2008-Feb-01 07:50   179.2343 +35.7725 
2008-Feb-01 08:00   179.2426 +35.7469 

Macro D
2008-Feb-01 08:00   179.2426 +35.7469
2008-Feb-01 08:10   179.2507 +35.7213  
2008-Feb-01 08:20   179.2586 +35.6957

Macro E
2008-Feb-01 08:20   179.2586 +35.6957
2008-Feb-01 08:30   179.2662 +35.6701
2008-Feb-01 08:40   179.2736 +35.6445


DSS-13.PRDX.OUT.01-13-13.s42
TRANSMITTER: STATION # 1,     RECEIVER: STATION #13
RECEIVER    U.T.         RANGE         DOPPLER      LHA      DEC      RA      EL       D-DOP       D-RANGE 
 2008 FEB 01 07:00     15.9563084717  -139355.593 299.8904  35.9010 179.188  41.919           0.000 -0.0000000005
 2008 FEB 01 07:10     15.9914622645  -139548.319 302.3875  35.8752 179.198  43.841           0.000 -0.0000000015
 2008 FEB 01 07:20     16.0266652410  -139745.754 304.8848  35.8495 179.208  45.773           0.000 -0.0000000004
 2008 FEB 01 07:30     16.0619185400  -139947.561 307.3825  35.8238 179.217  47.715           0.000 -0.0000000032
 2008 FEB 01 07:40     16.0972232260  -140153.392 309.8805  35.7982 179.226  49.666           0.000 -0.0000000015
 2008 FEB 01 07:50     16.1325802626  -140362.890 312.3787  35.7725 179.234  51.625           0.000 -0.0000000035
 2008 FEB 01 08:00     16.1679905349  -140575.694 314.8772  35.7469 179.243  53.593           0.000 -0.0000000032
 2008 FEB 01 08:10     16.2034548296  -140791.431 317.3760  35.7213 179.251  55.569           0.000  0.0000000019
 2008 FEB 01 08:20     16.2389738269  -141009.726 319.8750  35.6957 179.259  57.551           0.000 -0.0000000050
 2008 FEB 01 08:30     16.2745481418  -141230.198 322.3742  35.6701 179.266  59.540           0.000  0.0000000015

 2007 TU24 GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG
===================================================================================
                                                   Receive             offset  TX
Setup     hops  dwell   code  ncoh    FFT   runs   start -stop   OSOD  (Hz)    Poln  Notes
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 23-24 DSS-14 X-band monostatic

PSD2008023.223.2007TU24, VOLT2008023.224.2007TU24
CW,  4 kHz  2    10                   4096    2    225820-225947  20   none    RCP   
PSD2008023.225.2007TU24, VOLT2008023.226.2007TU24
CW,  4 kHz  2    10                  16384   25    230021-232448  20   none    RCP   
PSD2008023.227.2007TU24, VOLT2008023.228.2007TU24
CW,  4 kHz  2    10                  16384   10    232742-233713  22   none    RCP

10 usec                  127    1       64    7    001633-002301  22   +100    RCP
11 usec                  127    1       64   11    004056-005122  22   +100    RCP
1/8 usec                 127 1970      128    7    010943-011608  22     +8    RCP No PFS data: VME only
1/8 usec                 127 1970      128   10    011735-012703  22     +3    RCP NO ECHO
1/8 usec                 127 1970      128   39    014658-022528  24     +3    RCP 
...stop to stow antenna, reset quasi-optical switch, and resume...
1/8 usec                 127 1970      128   49    025127-034001  24     +3    RCP

==============================================================================

ARECIBO MASTERLOG

End times of bistatic observations are approximate and are probably accurate to 
within a few seconds.


2008 January 27

430 MHz 70 cm monostatic.  
datataking system: gio? 

--> Did not work due to a transmitter problem.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2008 January 28: Arecibo-GBT and Arecibo-DSS13.  
Placed 2380 MHz on the sky for GBT; variable receive frequency for DSS13.
DSS13 used solution 32 throughout the track.

NO MONOSTATIC DATA: round-trip time was too short

                                          <--- AST ---> <--- UTC --->
                                          rcsta  rcend  rcsta  rcend
Setup     Code  Bandwidth osod TXoff Runs HHMMSS-HHMMSS HHMMSS-HHMMSS  
CW no hop        ????      32     +2   -- 161045-161745 201045-201745     End time is approximate
CW no hop        ????      32     +2   -- 161806-162524 201806-202524     End time is approximate
CW no hop        ????      32   +250   -- 162544-164043 202544-204043     End time is approximate
0.05 us    1023  19550.3   32     +2   -- 164800-170215 204800-210215     End time is approximate
0.5 us     8191    244.2   32     +2   -- 170400-170528 210400-210528     End time is approximate
0.5 us    65535     30.5   32     +2   -- 170800-171139 210800-211139     End time is approximate
0.1 us    65535    152.6   32     +0.5 -- 171300-174321 211300-214321     End time is approximate 
DSS13 stopped tracking at ~2115 UTC due to high wind
0.05 us   65535    305.2   34     +2   -- 174700-1831?? 214700-2231??     End time is approximate

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2008 February 01: Arecibo-DSS13 bistatic and Arecibo monostatic

                                          <--- AST ---> <--- UTC --->
                                          rcsta  rcend  rcsta  rcend
Setup     Code  Bandwidth osod TXoff Runs HHMMSS-HHMMSS HHMMSS-HHMMSS
CW no hop         5000     42   +250    9 030235-030821 070235-070821  2007TU24.01-01.s42    Monostatic,1st 2 runs bad
0.5 us     8191    244.2   42     +2    1 031142-031152 071142-071152  2007TU24.01-01.s42    Monostatic
0.5 us    65535     30.5   42     +2    2 031335-031728 071335-071728  2007TU24.01-01.s42    Monostatic 
0.1 us    65535    152.6   42     +0.5 -- 031917-041731 071917-081731  2007TU24.01-13-01.s42 Bistatic
0.5 us     8191    244.2   42     +2    1 041817-041828 081817-081828  2007TU24.01-13-01.s42 Bistatic/differential   
0.5 us     8191    244.2   42     +2    1 042017-042028 082017-082028  2007TU24.01-13-01.s42 Bistatic/differential        
0.5 us    65535    152.6   42     +2    1 042117-042128 082117-082128  2007TU24.01-13-01.s42 Bistatic/differential

During the last three 0.5 usec sets, both Arecibo and DSS-13 received.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

RADAR ASTROMETRY
================

2454499.780616 6518              2380.D6   -1 293.2473-404849-133339
AR20080203.279861    64300   26.31111475   -1 293.2473-404849-133339 2.000
  Nolan                                       Arecibo / Arecibo
  Ephem 2007TU24.01-01.s44:  delay was 26.311114549 added .0000002 sec.
  From 0.5 us by 0.04 Hz imaging, taking TE as COM. Depth is 3 gates.

2454499.780616 6518              2380.D6   -1 293.2473-404849-133339
AP20080203.279861    64300  -143063.6445   -1 293.2473-404849-1333390.2000
  Nolan                                       Arecibo / Arecibo
  Ephem 2007TU24.01-01.s44:  Doppler was -143063.5775046 added -.067 Hz.
  From 0.5 us by 0.04 Hz imaging. BW ~ 0.3 Hz.

2454498.790338 6518              2380.D6   -1 293.2473-404849-133339
AR20080202.289583    65700   21.12810545   -1 293.2473-404849-133339 2.000
  Nolan                                       Arecibo / Arecibo
  2007TU24.01-01.s42:  delay was 21.128116151 added -0.0000107 sec
  From 0.5 us monostatic imaging. 4 px deep, COM as TE.

2454498.790338 6518              2380.D6   -1 293.2473-404849-133339
AP20080202.289583    65700  -142541.0527   -1 293.2473-404849-1333390.2000
  Nolan                                       Arecibo / Arecibo
  Ephem 2007TU24.01-01.s42:  Doppler was -142541.1156540 added 0.063 Hz.
  From 0.5 us x 0.063 Hz monostatic imaging. ~ 3 px wide.

2454494.404921 6518              2380.D6   -1 293.2473-404849-133339
AR20080128.904167   214200   4.367399584   -9 280.1602-334455-263624  10.0
  Nolan,Giorgini                     Arecibo / Green Bank (GBT)
  Correction of +162.235 usec to soln #32 (AO-GBT).
 
2454494.404921 6518              2380.D6   -1 293.2473-404849-133339
AP20080128.904167   214200     79806.944   -9 280.1602-334455-263624   1.0
  Nolan,Giorgini                     Arecibo / Green Bank (GBT)
  +4.88 Hz correction to solution #32 (AO-GBT).
 
2454494.384782 6518              2380.D6   -1 293.2473-404849-133339
AR20080128.884028   211300   4.426879648   -9 280.1602-334455-263624  10.0
  Nolan,Giorgini                     Arecibo / Green Bank (GBT)
  +164.445 us wrt soln. 32, including curve cor. from 0.1 us imaging.
    Taking TE as COM.

2454494.384782 6518              2380.D6   -1 293.2473-404849-133339
AP20080128.884028   211300     82898.808   -9 280.1602-334455-263624   1.0
  Nolan,Giorgini                     Arecibo / Green Bank (GBT)
  +4.73 Hz relative to soln. 32
 
2454494.352838 6518              2380.D6   -1 293.2473-404849-133339
AP20080128.852083   202700     87620.706   -9 280.1602-334455-263624   0.2
  Nolan,Giorgini                     Arecibo / Green Bank (GBT)
  Correction of +3.9 Hz to soln #32 (AO-GBT).
 
2454489.479921 6518              8560.D6
AP20080123.979167   233000    523285.055  -14 243.1105-347866-245796 0.250
  Benner,Giorgini          DSS 14
  No correction to solution #22.
 
2454489.459088 6518              8560.D6
AP20080123.958333   230000    525966.717  -14 243.1105-347866-245796 0.500
  Benner,Giorgini          DSS 14
  Correction of +11 Hz to soln. 20. Bandwidth is less than 0.5 Hz.


Collage of January 24 Goldstone 0.125 usec x 0.0385 Hz images:




Arecibo-DSS13 CW Detection (Jan. 28):



Arecibo-Green Bank 0.05 usec x 0.02 Hz radar image (Jan. 28):



Arecibo-DSS13 0.1 usec Image (Feb. 1):





Arecibo-DSS13 0.1 usec Images (Feb. 1):






  Dr. Steven J. Ostro 
  Senior Research Scientist

  Mailstop 300-233
  Jet Propulsion Laboratory
  Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 

  phone     818-354-3173
  fax       818-354-9476
  email     steven.j.ostro@jpl.nasa.gov
  research  http://reason.jpl.nasa.gov
  vita      http://reason.jpl.nasa.gov/~ostro/vita.pdf
  profile   http://science.jpl.nasa.gov/people/Ostro



  Dr. Lance A. M. Benner      |   PHONE:  (818) 354-7412
  Mail Stop 300-233           |   FAX:    (818) 354-9476
  Jet Propulsion Laboratory   |   email:  lance.benner@jpl.nasa.gov
  Pasadena, CA 91109-8099     |   Plan:   To live long and prosper

http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2007TU24/2007TU24planning.html

Asteroid Radar Astronomy