2003 AK18 Goldstone Radar Observations Planning


Background


2003 AK18 was discovered on Jan 07 2003 by Lincoln Laboratory ETS (LINEAR) in New Mexico.
This Aten asteroid is within a factor of two of 0.4 km diameter and it will approach within 
0.0570 AU (~22 lunar-distances) on Dec. 28, when it will be a relatively weak 
radar target at Goldstone.  We have two radar tracks scheduled at both 
Goldstone and Arecibo.  For Goldstone, 2003 AK18 will probably be CW-only target unless
the echoes are much stronger than expected.

Goldstone tracks are scheduled on Dec. 29 and 30.  Arecibo tracks are scheduled on 
Dec. 18 and 19.

For optical observers, 2003 AK18 will be too close to the Sun until the end of December. 
This object will be an excellent optical target in early January.

Orbital and Physical Characteristics  
 orbit type               Aten
 semimajor axis           0.876 AU     
 eccentricity             0.384 
 inclination              7.4 deg
 perihelion distance      0.540 AU     
 aphelion distance        1.213 AU     
 absolute magnitude (H)   19.6
 diameter                 0.4 km    (an educated guess)
 rotation period          5.3 h     (Pravec et al., Ondrejev NEO Photometric Program Webpage)
 pole direction           unknown 
 lightcurve amplitude     0.2       (Pravec et al., Ondrejev NEO Photometric Program Webpage)
 spectral class           unknown

Last update: 2011 Dec 29

First MPEC

M.P.E.C. 2003-A52                                Issued 2003 Jan. 8, 16:07 UT

     The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual
         minor planets and routine data on comets.  They are published
   on behalf of Commission 20 of the International Astronomical Union by the
          Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory,
                          Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.

             Prepared using the Tamkin Foundation Computer Network

                              MPC@CFA.HARVARD.EDU
          URL http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/mpc.html  ISSN 1523-6714

                                   2003 AK18

Observations:
     K03A18K* C2003 01 07.39471 09 45 20.47 +27 54 37.7          16.2        704
     K03A18K  C2003 01 07.40990 09 45 09.71 +27 54 38.3          16.3        704
     K03A18K  C2003 01 07.42565 09 44 58.58 +27 54 38.9          16.5        704
     K03A18K  C2003 01 07.44063 09 44 47.99 +27 54 38.5          16.2        704
     K03A18K  C2003 01 07.45574 09 44 37.30 +27 54 38.3          16.4        704
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.02633 09 38 13.32 +27 53 52.5          16.2 R      J95
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.02789 09 38 12.24 +27 53 52.5          16.3 R      J95
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.02876 09 38 11.66 +27 53 52.4          16.1 R      J95
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.02963 09 38 11.01 +27 53 52.5          16.1 R      J95
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.03061 09 38 10.36 +27 53 52.6          16.3 R      J95
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.03171 09 38 09.59 +27 53 52.2          16.2 R      J95
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.03310 09 38 08.64 +27 53 52.2          16.2 R      J95
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.05108 09 37 55.59 +27 53 53.6          16.7 V      A22
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.05237 09 37 54.61 +27 53 54.7          16.4 V      A22
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.05666 09 37 51.51 +27 53 53.8          16.8 V      A22
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.05945 09 37 49.70 +27 53 55.4          16.2 V      A22
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.23522 09 35 54.03 +27 53 36.6          16.5 R      858
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.23642 09 35 53.24 +27 53 36.7          16.2 R      858
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.23765 09 35 52.40 +27 53 36.8          16.5 R      858
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.23890 09 35 51.52 +27 53 37.2          16.1 R      858
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.34797 09 34 34.47 +27 53 17.6          16.8 V      726
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.35145 09 34 32.05 +27 53 17.6          16.8 V      726
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.35492 09 34 29.68 +27 53 16.4          16.7 V      726
     K03A18K  C2003 01 08.35839 09 34 27.25 +27 53 15.2          16.8 V      726

Observer details:
704 Lincoln Laboratory ETS, New Mexico.  Observers M. Blythe, F. Shelly,
    M. Bezpalko, R. Huber, L. Manguso, S. Adams, D. Torres, T. Brothers,
    S. Partridge.  Measurers J. Stuart, R. Sayer, J. Evans, P. Hopman.  1.0-m
    f/2.15 reflector + CCD.
726 Brainerd.  Observer J. Wentworth.  0.280-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD.
858 Tebbutt Observatory, Edgewood.  Observer F. B. Zoltowski.  0.3-m f/3.3
    Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD.
A22 Starkenburg Sternwarte-SOHAS.  Observer R. Stoss.  0.19-m f/3.9 reflector
    + CCD.  Long. = 8.6531, rho cos phi' = 0.64877, rho sin phi' = +0.75848.
J95 Great Shefford.  Observer P. Birtwhistle.  0.30-m f/6.3 Schmidt-Cassegrain
    + CCD.

Orbital elements:
2003 AK18
Epoch 2003 Jan. 1.0 TT = JDT 2452640.5                  MPC
M 103.39325              (2000.0)            P               Q
n   1.19842018     Peri.   23.80070     +0.82372031     +0.55648444
a   0.8778022      Node   301.94426     -0.53860148     +0.70806845
e   0.3840114      Incl.    7.35794     -0.17718152     +0.43470005
P   0.82           H   19.8           G   0.15
From 24 observations 2003 Jan. 7-8.

Ephemeris:
2003 AK18                a,e,i = 0.88, 0.38, 7                   q = 0.5407
Date    TT    R. A. (2000) Decl.     Delta      r     Elong.  Phase     V
2003 01 01    10 55.76   +26 44.5    0.124    1.057   123.4    51.0    17.3
2003 01 06    10 01.14   +27 50.6    0.123    1.080   140.2    35.6    16.9
2003 01 11    09 05.28   +27 34.6    0.128    1.102   157.2    20.2    16.6
2003 01 16    08 15.63   +26 07.1    0.140    1.122   172.2     6.9    16.3
2003 01 21    07 36.34   +24 05.9    0.158    1.140   171.1     7.7    16.6
2003 01 26    07 07.49   +22 04.4    0.181    1.156   160.0    16.9    17.3
2003 01 31    06 47.33   +20 18.8    0.208    1.170   150.3    24.6    17.9
2003 02 05    06 33.85   +18 53.3    0.238    1.183   142.1    30.8    18.4

2003 02 10    06 25.41   +17 46.2    0.270    1.193   135.0    35.8    18.8
2003 02 20    06 18.82   +16 13.7    0.337    1.207   123.4    43.1    19.5
2003 03 02    06 21.06   +15 16.8    0.407    1.214   113.9    48.2    20.1
2003 03 12    06 28.91   +14 38.4    0.476    1.213   105.9    51.9    20.5
2003 03 22    06 40.42   +14 07.4    0.541    1.205    98.9    54.8    20.9
2003 04 01    06 54.45   +13 37.2    0.601    1.189    92.5    57.1    21.1
2003 04 11    07 10.34   +13 03.7    0.654    1.165    86.7    59.2    21.3
2003 04 21    07 27.51   +12 24.2    0.697    1.133    81.3    61.3    21.5
2003 05 01    07 45.58   +11 37.6    0.728    1.093    76.2    63.5    21.6
2003 05 11    08 04.22   +10 43.8    0.746    1.046    71.3    66.2    21.6
2003 05 21    08 22.99   +09 44.3    0.749    0.991    66.5    69.6    21.6
2003 05 31    08 41.36   +08 43.0    0.735    0.928    61.7    74.1    21.6

Brian G. Marsden             (C) Copyright 2003 MPC           M.P.E.C. 2003-A52

SNR Calculation

Target Name:  2003 AK18

D = 0.37 km       (an educated guess)
Period = 5.3 h
OC albedo = 0.1   (a standard guess)

                                        #                   max
 start date  UT  window      RA, dec   dist     runs        SNR   SNR/run
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2011 Dec 24  12:17-02:23    264, +54  0.063     431         61         3
2011 Dec 25  11:56-03:04    267, +60  0.060     487         74         4
2011 Dec 26  11:28-04:15    270, +66  0.058     572         88         4
2011 Dec 27  10:42-08:06    277, +72  0.057     729        100         4
2011 Dec 28  08:06-09:42    291, +78  0.057     733        110         4
2011 Dec 29  09:42-12:51    327, +82  0.058     726        100         4
2011 Dec 30  12:51-15:29     21, +81  0.059     707         93         4
2011 Dec 31  15:29-15:03     43, +76  0.061     681         79         3
2012 Jan  1  18:01-13:35     52, +71  0.064     652         64         3
2012 Jan  2  20:06-12:58     57, +66  0.068     502         49         2
2012 Jan  3  21:01-12:35     61, +62  0.072     427         38         2
2012 Jan  4  21:34-12:17     63, +58  0.076     376         29         2

2003 AK18 will be circumpolar during the Goldstone tracks.

Goldstone SNRs assume Ptx = 450 kW 

Track Assignments


Goldstone tracks:

        UT          UT          PST                    Duration    Round-trip     
DOY     Date        TX Window   TX Window                hh:mm     time (sec)     SNR/Run 
---     ----        ---------   ---------              ---------    ---------     -------
363     Dec 29      0100-0510   1700-2110 Dec 28         04:10        57            4
364     Dec 30      0230-0730   1830-2330 Dec 29         05:00        58            4

TX start time refers the start of the pre-cal.

Arecibo tracks:

        UT          UT          PST                AST               Duration  Round-trip
DOY     Date        TX Window   TX Window          TX Window           hh:mm   time (sec)   SNR/Run 
---     ----        ---------   ---------          ----------        --------- -------      -------
352     Dec 18      1439-1704   0639-0904 Dec 18   1039-1304 Dec 18    02:25     88           31
353     Dec 19      1447-1652   0647-0852 Dec 19   1047-1252 Dec 19    02:05     83           38



Uncertainties

From Jon Giorgini, 2011 Dec 13:

With 233 optical measurements from 33 observatories (2003-Jan-7
to 2008-Mar-11), 2003 AK18 orbit solution #44 was computed. Formal
3-sigma X-band uncertainties are below.

It can/will be updated if Arecibo astrometry is obtained
prior, but for now the 3-sigma uncertainties are ...

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN  POS_3sigma   DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig
 2011-Dec-28 00:00      17.580        10.72       0.000483
 2011-Dec-29 00:00      17.519        10.99       0.000571
 2011-Dec-30 00:00      17.211        10.84       0.000667
 2011-Dec-31 00:00      16.682        10.33       0.000764
 2012-Jan-01 00:00      15.982         9.56       0.000857

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

From JPL Horizons, Sep 14, 2011, Solution #42, #obs 239 (2003-2008)
 Date__(UT)__HR:MN       POS_3sigma  DOP_S_3sig  DOP_X_3sig  RT_delay_3sig

 2011 Dec 15 00:00 *          9.773        1.80        6.55       0.000698
 2011 Dec 16 00:00 *         10.293        1.71        6.20       0.000648
 2011 Dec 17 00:00 *         10.853        1.61        5.86       0.000601
 2011 Dec 18 00:00 *         11.454        1.52        5.53       0.000557
 2011 Dec 19 00:00 *         12.099        1.45        5.26       0.000515
 2011 Dec 20 00:00 *         12.785        1.40        5.09       0.000475
 2011 Dec 21 00:00 *         13.507        1.41        5.12       0.000436
 2011 Dec 22 00:00 *         14.256        1.49        5.41       0.000400
 2011 Dec 23 00:00 *         15.011        1.65        6.01       0.000368
 2011 Dec 24 00:00 *         15.745        1.89        6.87       0.000347
 2011 Dec 25 00:00 *m        16.418        2.18        7.91       0.000342
 2011 Dec 26 00:00 *m        16.981        2.48        9.00       0.000362
 2011 Dec 27 00:00 *m        17.378        2.74        9.95       0.000409
 2011 Dec 28 00:00 *m        17.562        2.92       10.63       0.000480
 2011 Dec 29 00:00 *m        17.501        3.00       10.91       0.000568
 2011 Dec 30 00:00 *m        17.193        2.96       10.77       0.000663
 2011 Dec 31 00:00 *m        16.665        2.82       10.26       0.000759

******************************************************************************************
Apparent Magnitudes and Solar Elongations:

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(J2000.0)_DEC.  APmag            delta    S-O-T /r
 2011 Dec 18 00:00 *   257.61755  27.02968   n.a. 0.09132546049411    50.9126 /L
 2011 Dec 19 00:00 *   258.05906  29.88419   n.a. 0.08620328087356    53.8539 /L
 2011 Dec 20 00:00 *   258.59293  33.06063  18.81 0.08132177160698    57.0902 /L
 2011 Dec 21 00:00 *   259.24770  36.60161  18.45 0.07671886052190    60.6583 /L
 2011 Dec 22 00:00 *   260.06514  40.54939  18.10 0.07244107152326    64.5954 /L
 2011 Dec 23 00:00 *   261.10900  44.94094  17.74 0.06854419982118    68.9337 /L
 2011 Dec 24 00:00 *   262.48186  49.79965  17.39 0.06509313681661    73.6939 /L
 2011 Dec 25 00:00 *m  264.35987  55.12320  17.06 0.06216018298223    78.8749 /L
 2011 Dec 26 00:00 *m  267.07168  60.86648  16.74 0.05982112971458    84.4426 /L
 2011 Dec 27 00:00 *m  271.30139  66.91710  16.46 0.05814868865624    90.3187 /L
 2011 Dec 28 00:00 *m  278.69706  73.04683  16.21 0.05720370617126    96.3774 /T
 2011 Dec 29 00:00 *m  293.97773  78.74276  16.01 0.05702590908020   102.4521 /T
 2011 Dec 30 00:00 *m  329.51186  82.45376  15.86 0.05762697751999   108.3554 /T
 2011 Dec 31 00:00 *m   16.42636  81.34617  15.75 0.05898852275453   113.9069 /T
 2012 Jan 01 00:00 *m   40.22505  76.98786  15.69 0.06106575787601   118.9593 /T
 2012 Jan 02 00:00 *m   50.75740  71.99677  15.67 0.06379533341600   123.4142 /T
 2012 Jan 03 00:00 *m   56.34524  67.15541  15.68 0.06710451836519   127.2249 /T
 2012 Jan 04 00:00 *m   59.77003  62.67612  15.72 0.07091922020451   130.3901 /T
 2012 Jan 05 00:00 *m   62.08692  58.61308  15.79 0.07516957884657   132.9418 /T
 2012 Jan 06 00:00 *m   63.76829  54.96275  15.87 0.07979305464110   134.9336 /T
 2012 Jan 07 00:00 *m   65.05428  51.69783  15.97 0.08473557361106   136.4300 /T
 2012 Jan 08 00:00 *m   66.07906  48.78194  16.08 0.08995143547401   137.4992 /T
 2012 Jan 09 00:00 *    66.92325  46.17680  16.19 0.09540256810133   138.2071 /T
 2012 Jan 10 00:00 *    67.63813  43.84570  16.31 0.10105752037102   138.6145 /T
 2012 Jan 11 00:00 *    68.25783  41.75511  16.43 0.10689041940911   138.7751 /T
 2012 Jan 12 00:00 *    68.80596  39.87518  16.56 0.11288000402707   138.7353 /T
 2012 Jan 13 00:00 *    69.29937  38.17978  16.68 0.11900877820055   138.5338 /T
 2012 Jan 14 00:00 *    69.75042  36.64623  16.80 0.12526229269753   138.2030 /T
 2012 Jan 15 00:00 *    70.16842  35.25497  16.93 0.13162854663328   137.7693 /T
 2012 Jan 16 00:00 *    70.56049  33.98913  17.05 0.13809749463109   137.2540 /T
 2012 Jan 17 00:00 *    70.93220  32.83416  17.16 0.14466064406226   136.6747 /T
 2012 Jan 18 00:00 *    71.28796  31.77756  17.28 0.15131072783672   136.0451 /T
 2012 Jan 19 00:00 *    71.63130  30.80850  17.39 0.15804144024621   135.3767 /T
 2012 Jan 20 00:00 *    71.96508  29.91758  17.50 0.16484722593763   134.6783 /T

Setups


We expect to see ~6-8 Hz bandwidth at Goldstone.

CW setup:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TX polarization           RCP
RCV polarization          LCP & RCP
Frequency hops:           2                          
Dwell                     20 seconds                      
Bandwidth:                4000 Hz  
Sampling interval:        2500 x 0.1 usec
VME FFT for PSD files:    8192 for 0.5-Hz resolution 

Ranging setups:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 10-usec single sample
baud             10 usec
code            127
gates           127
PRP            1270 usec
FFT              64   
CLT       VME     ?
          PFS     ?
ncoh             1 
bandwidth        787 Hz   
resolution       12.3 Hz
TXOFF          +150 Hz -> echo will be centered at +12 bins or in bin 32 + 12 = 44
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 11-usec single sample
baud             11 usec
code            127
gates           127
PRP            1397 usec
FFT              64  
CLT       VME     ?
          PFS     ?
ncoh             1 
bandwidth        717  Hz   
resolution       11.2  Hz
TXOFF          +150 Hz --> echo will be centered at +13 bins or in bin 32 + 13 =45 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

_____________________________________________________________________
POSSIBLE RANGING SETUPS: (code=127, FFT=64, single-pol'n) 
   These are from JX, w/ max-band (min-acc) options from Ray Jurgens.
   Currently configured for 5-sec records.
_______________________________________________________________________
 Setup        Baud        RP         1-acc 1-acc      
            usec   m      usec        band   res    acc  band     res 
_______________________________________________________________________
 
JX1XS110  11.000 1650    1397.0      715.8  11.2      2   358     5.6
JX1XS070   7.000 1050     889.0     1124.9  17.6      3   375     5.9
                                                      
JX1XS020   2.000  300     254.0     3937.0  61.5     12   328     5.1
                                                      4   984    15.4 

JX1XS010   1.000  150     127.0     7874.0 123.0     41   192     3.0 
                                                      8   984    15.4 

JX1XS005   0.500   75      63.5    15748.0 246.1    123   128     2.0 
                                                     15  1050    16.4 

JX1XS002   0.250   37.5    31.75   31496.1 492.1    492    64     1.0
                                                     30  1050    16.4 
 
JX1XS001   0.125   18.75   15.875  62992.1 984.3   1970    32     0.5 
                                                     60  1050    16.4 
____________________________________________________________________


Instructions

NOTE: Data should be moved to the appropriate subdirectories in aardvark:/export/data0/2003AK18/raw/

2003 AK18 POINTING:

  OSOD and predicts are on aardvark:

/export/data3/osod/ops/2003AK18/PRDX.14f-14-14.s48 
                               /PUNCH.OUT.14f-14-14.s48
                               /EPH.OUT.s48


POINTING  
                                                          TX Offsets    
Date (UTC)   DOY  hhmmss    RA        Dec         Macro   LHA     Dec    RTT    OSOD
2011 12 30   364  020000    333.4433  82.6273       A                    57.6   
2011 12 30   364  030000    335.5187  82.6664       A                    57.6
2011 12 30   364  040000    337.6243  82.6944       A     -34.0   0.30   57.7   s48 
2011 12 30   364  050000    339.7562  82.7114       A                    57.7   
2011 12 30   364  060000    341.9097  82.7177       A                    57.8  

2011 12 30   364  060000    341.9097  82.7177       B                    57.8  
2011 12 30   364  070000    344.0789  82.7138       B     -35.0  -0.10   57.8   s48
2011 12 30   364  080000    346.2574  82.7001       B                    57.9
Transmit offsets are given in millidegrees.  



PRDX.OUT.14f-14-14.s48 TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14 RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA EL 2011 DEC 30 02:00 57.5974470873 -105320.549 37.8402 82.6273 333.444 41.105 2011 DEC 30 02:10 57.6048499403 -105907.122 40.0034 82.6346 333.788 40.911 2011 DEC 30 02:20 57.6122938236 -106491.257 42.1657 82.6416 334.132 40.710 2011 DEC 30 02:30 57.6197785632 -107072.890 44.3270 82.6483 334.478 40.502 2011 DEC 30 02:40 57.6273039820 -107651.960 46.4875 82.6547 334.824 40.287 2011 DEC 30 02:50 57.6348698986 -108228.407 48.6471 82.6607 335.171 40.066 2011 DEC 30 03:00 57.6424761260 -108802.176 50.8059 82.6664 335.519 39.840 2011 DEC 30 03:10 57.6501224759 -109373.215 52.9638 82.6719 335.868 39.607 2011 DEC 30 03:20 57.6578087551 -109941.472 55.1209 82.6770 336.218 39.369 2011 DEC 30 03:30 57.6655347661 -110506.903 57.2772 82.6818 336.569 39.127 2011 DEC 30 03:40 57.6733003102 -111069.461 59.4327 82.6863 336.920 38.880 2011 DEC 30 03:50 57.6811051837 -111629.106 61.5874 82.6905 337.272 38.629 2011 DEC 30 04:00 57.6889491819 -112185.801 63.7414 82.6944 337.625 38.374 2011 DEC 30 04:10 57.6968320959 -112739.509 65.8946 82.6980 337.979 38.115 2011 DEC 30 04:20 57.7047537151 -113290.198 68.0471 82.7012 338.333 37.854 2011 DEC 30 04:30 57.7127138278 -113837.838 70.1989 82.7042 338.688 37.590 2011 DEC 30 04:40 57.7207122193 -114382.404 72.3501 82.7069 339.044 37.324 2011 DEC 30 04:50 57.7287486725 -114923.871 74.5006 82.7093 339.400 37.056 2011 DEC 30 05:00 57.7368229694 -115462.219 76.6505 82.7114 339.757 36.787 2011 DEC 30 05:10 57.7449348915 -115997.430 78.7998 82.7132 340.114 36.516 2011 DEC 30 05:20 57.7530842185 -116529.488 80.9485 82.7147 340.473 36.244 2011 DEC 30 05:30 57.7612707280 -117058.382 83.0967 82.7159 340.831 35.972 2011 DEC 30 05:40 57.7694941979 -117584.102 85.2443 82.7168 341.190 35.700 2011 DEC 30 05:50 57.7777544064 -118106.642 87.3915 82.7174 341.550 35.428 2011 DEC 30 06:00 57.7860511296 -118625.998 89.5381 82.7177 341.910 35.156 2011 DEC 30 06:10 57.7943841452 -119142.170 91.6844 82.7178 342.271 34.886 2011 DEC 30 06:20 57.8027532291 -119655.160 93.8302 82.7175 342.632 34.616 2011 DEC 30 06:30 57.8111581585 -120164.973 95.9756 82.7170 342.993 34.348 2011 DEC 30 06:40 57.8195987122 -120671.617 98.1207 82.7162 343.355 34.082 2011 DEC 30 06:50 57.8280746671 -121175.102 100.2655 82.7152 343.717 33.818 2011 DEC 30 07:00 57.8365858029 -121675.442 102.4100 82.7138 344.080 33.557

2003AK18 GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG

============================================================================== Receive TX Setup hops dwell code ncoh FFT runs start -stop OSOD offset Poln Notes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412 Mail Stop 300-233 | FAX: (818) 354-9476 Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance.benner@jpl.nasa.gov California Institute of Technology | Plan: To live long and prosper Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2003AK18/2003AK18_planning.html

Asteroid Radar Astronomy
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