2000 PN9 Planning
Background
23187 2000 PN9 was discovered by LINEAR on August 8, 2000. It will make a very close approach
within 0.020 AU (only 7.8 lunar distances) on March 6. We have five Goldstone tracks on dates
that straddle the closest approach.
Michael Busch (a graduate student at Caltech) is the PI for these observations.
We observed 2000 PN9 at Goldstone and Arecibo in March, 2001, when the asteroid approached
within 0.061 AU. This year the approach will be nearly three times closer, so the echoes will
be considerably stronger.
Radar and optical observations in 2001 revealed that 2000 PN9 is a lumpy spheroid with a diameter
of about 1.7 km and a rotation period of 2.5 hours. The combined 2001 + 2006 radar and lightcurve
datasets will be used to estimate the asteroid's 3-D shape and spin state.
Goldstone observations are scheduled on March 4, 7, 9, 10, and 12 and Arecibo observations are
scheduled on March 5. 2000 PN9 will be an extremely strong radar target during the first two Goldstone
tracks but much weaker on the other three as the asteroid rapidly recedes from Earth.
Due to the proxmity of its orbit to Earth and its diameter, 2000 PN9 has been classified as a
"Potentially Hazardous Asteroid" by the Minor Planet Center.
Orbital and Physical Characteristics
orbit type Apollo
semimajor axis 1.845 AU
eccentricity 0.590
inclination 51.3°
perihelion distance 0.766 AU
aphelion distance 2.933 AU
absolute magnitude (H) 15.90
diameter ~1.7 km
rotation period 2.5325 h (Pravec et al.)
pole direction unknown, but constrained to within +/-10 deg of (lambda,beta) = (153, -6) or (327, -3)
lightcurve amplitude 0.15 (Pravec et al.)
spectral class unknown
Last updated: 2006 March 9
Discovery
M.P.E.C. 2000-P48 Issued 2000 Aug. 12, 19:53 UT
The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual
minor planets and routine data on comets. They are published
on behalf of Commission 20 of the International Astronomical Union by the
Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory,
Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Prepared using the Tamkin Foundation Computer Network
MPC@CFA.HARVARD.EDU
URL http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/mpc.html ISSN 1523-6714
2000 PN9
Observations:
K00P09N* C2000 08 08.31244 22 39 09.61 +19 54 59.7 18.6 704
...
K00P09N C2000 08 11.94185 22 34 38.90 +18 51 08.3 18.1 R 163
Observer details:
046 Klet. Observers Z. Moravec, P. Jelinek. 0.57-m f/5.2 reflector + CCD.
104 San Marcello Pistoiese. Observers L. Tesi, A. Boattini, M. Tombelli.
Measurers G. Forti, L. Tesi, A. Boattini, M. Tombelli. 0.40-m f/5
reflector + CCD.
118 Modra. Observers S. Gajdos, J. Toth. 0.6-m f/5.5 reflector + CCD.
151 Eschenberg Observatory, Winterthur. Observer M. Griesser. 0.25-m f/8.0
reflector + CCD.
163 Roeser Observatory, Luxembourg. Observer M. Dawson. 0.457-m f/4.5
reflector + CCD.
422 Loomberah. Observer G. J. Garradd. 0.45-m f/5.4 reflector + CCD.
557 Ondrejov. Observer L. Sarounova. 0.65-m f/3.6 reflector + CCD.
611 Starkenburg. Observers S. Kluegl, M. Busch, R. Stoss. 0.45-m f/4.4
reflector + CCD.
704 Lincoln Laboratory ETS, New Mexico. Observers M. Blythe, F. Shelly,
M. Bezpalko, M. Elowitz, R. Huber, L. Manguso. Measurers J. Stuart,
R. Sayer, J. B. Evans, H. Viggh. 1.0-m f/2.15 reflector + CCD.
734 Farpoint Observatory. Observer G. Hug. 0.30-m Schmidt-Cassegrain + CCD.
Orbital elements:
2000 PN9 PHA 0.037A
Epoch 2000 Aug. 4.0 TT = JDT 2451760.5 Hergenrother
M 291.14100 (2000.0) P Q
n 0.40912452 Peri. 294.45092 -0.24575907 -0.94772518
a 1.7970729 Node 164.67725 +0.89302940 -0.13971729
e 0.5795822 Incl. 50.36769 -0.37696281 +0.28687289
P 2.41 H 16.2 G 0.15
>From 57 observations 2000 Aug. 8-11.
Ephemeris:
2000 PN9 a,e,i = 1.80, 0.58, 50 q = 0.7555
Date TT R. A. (2000) Decl. Delta r Elong. Phase V
2000 08 04 22 43.74 +20 55.8 1.162 2.003 133.8 21.4 19.1
...
2001 02 20 21 01.07 -64 13.5 0.203 0.887 54.8 114.5 16.9
2001 03 02 18 23.97 -17 38.3 0.066 0.966 65.9 110.6 14.4
2001 03 12 15 28.57 +61 35.5 0.163 1.053 106.8 64.6 14.7
...
Carl W. Hergenrother (C) Copyright 2000 MPC M.P.E.C. 2000-P48
SNR Calculation
Target Name: 23187 2000 PN9
HMag: 15.9
Diameter: 1.7 km
Period: 2.5325 h
------------GOLDSTONE---------- -------------ARECIBO-----------
Max Max
Dat Run UTC Dat Run UTC
Date RA Decl Delta Runs SNR SNR Window Runs SNR SNR Window
2006 3 4 8 -42 0.044 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 -
2006 3 5 12 -26 0.030 285 4000 260 19:23-24:06 0 0 0 -
2006 3 6 18 11 0.021 644 27000 1200 17:18-27:00 161 280000 24000 17:30-20:00
2006 3 7 29 55 0.025 700 14000 570 15:41-29:53 0 0 0 -
2006 3 8 52 76 0.039 700 3000 130 0:00-24:00 0 0 0 -
2006 3 9 97 81 0.055 678 860 36 0:00-24:00 0 0 0 -
2006 3 10 131 81 0.072 535 290 14 0:00-24:00 0 0 0 -
2006 3 11 147 79 0.089 440 120 7 0:00-24:00 0 0 0 -
2006 3 12 154 77 0.107 373 60 4 0:00-24:00 0 0 0 -
2006 3 13 159 76 0.125 264 30 2 0:00-24:00 0 0 0 -
2006 3 14 162 75 0.142 238 18 1 0:00-24:00 0 0 0 -
Arecibo SNRs have been adjusted to reflect current transmitter power of about 500 kW.
If both klystrons are available in March, Arecibo SNRs will nearly double.
2000 PN9 moves so fast near closest approach it goes through Arecibo's declination window in
less than two hours on one day. The actual Arecibo window is on March 5,
not March 6 as is shown above.
Track Assignments
2000 PN9 Goldstone tracks
UT UT PST AST Duration Delta
DOY Date TX Window TX Window TX Window (hh:mm) Rotations (seconds)
--- ---- --------- --------- --------- ------- --------- ---------
063-064 Mar 04-05 2125-0050 1325-1650 1725-2050 3:25 1.35 30
066 Mar 07 1630-2155 0830-1355 1230-1755 5:25 2.14 35
068 Mar 09 0930-1530 0130-0730 0530-1130 6:00 2.37 63
069 Mar 10 1200-1600 0400-0800 0800-1200 4:00 1.58 82
071 Mar 12 1330-1730 0530-0930 0930-1330 4:00 1.58 118
Arecibo track
064 Mar 05 1814-1923 1014-1123 1414-1523 1:09 0.45 22
Note the enormous differences in the RTT among the tracks: more than a factor of five.
The tracks on March 4, 5, and 7 are by far the best; the SNR will be MUCH lower on the other
days.
Uncertainties
From Jon Giorgini: 2006 February 28
With 415 optical measurements (1990-Aug-02 to 2005-Oct-05),
3 delay and 2 Doppler from 2001, 23187 (2000 PN9) solution #78
formal 3-sigma S/X band uncertainties are tabulated below:
Date__(UT)__HR:MN POS_3sigma DOP_S-sig DOP_X-sig RT_delay-sig
2006-Mar-04 00:00 10.1235948 1.11 3.95 0.002922
2006-Mar-05 00:00 14.5925920 1.22 4.35 0.002962
2006-Mar-06 00:00 28.3680253 1.18 4.23 0.002232
2006-Mar-07 00:00 29.3912632 0.74 2.64 0.000240
2006-Mar-08 00:00 18.4259374 0.60 2.16 0.000898
2006-Mar-09 00:00 12.3413196 0.63 2.25 0.001341
2006-Mar-10 00:00 9.07190572 0.66 2.37 0.001550
2006-Mar-11 00:00 7.11134840 0.69 2.46 0.001663
2006-Mar-12 00:00 5.82379737 0.71 2.53 0.001728
2006-Mar-13 00:00 4.91953352 0.72 2.58 0.001767
Setups
Plans for the March 10 track
---------------------------
We will start with solution 84.
On March 10 our objectives are to get a full rotation of CW data (2 hours and 40 minutes)
and then we'll update the orbit with 10 usec and 1 usec ranging (3-sigma range uncertainties
during the track are about 40 usec). If time permits, we'll finish with 0.5 usec imaging.
We are not going to do any more chirp tests with this asteroid.
CW setup
--------
TX polarization RCP
RCV polarization LCP
Frequencies: 2
Dwell: 20 seconds
Bandwidth: 4000 Hz
Sampling interval: 2500 x 0.1 usec
VME FFT for PSD files: 2048 for 1.95-Hz resolution
Possible ranging setups:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 10-usec single sample
baud 10 usec
code 127
gates 127
FFT 64
CLT 2 (VME)
ncoh 1
bandwidth 787.4 Hz
resolution 12.30 Hz
TXOFF +100 Hz -> echo will be centered at +8.1 bins or in bin 32 + 8.1 = 40
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 11-usec single sample, 11.2-Hz resolution.
baud 11 usec
code 127
gates 127
PRP 1397
FFT 64
CLT 2 (VME)
ncoh 1
bandwidth 715.8 Hz
resolution 11.18 Hz
TXOFF +100 Hz --> echo will be centered at +8.9 bins or in bin 32 + 8.9 = 41
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 7-usec single sample
------------------------------
baud 7 usec
code 127
gates 127
PRP 889
FFT 64
CLT ??
ncoh 1
bandwidth 1124.9 Hz
resolution 17.6 Hz
TXOFF +60 -> echo would be centered at +3.4 bins w/perfect ephemeris
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 1-usec single sample
------------------------------
baud 1 usec
code 127
gates 127
PRP 127
FFT 64
CLT 4
ncoh 15
bandwidth 525 Hz
resolution 8.2 Hz
TXOFF +100 -> echo would be centered at +12.2 bins or in bin 32 + 12.2 = 44
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.125-usec ranging (left over from the 1992 UY4 observations in August, 2005)
------------------
setup JX1XS001 revised
baud 0.125 usec
code 127
gates 127
FFT 64
ncoh 984
bandwidth 64.016384 Hz
resolution 1.000256 Hz
TXOFF We used 10 Hz, placing COM in cell 32+10=42
Henceforth use 15 Hz, to put COM in 32+15=47
incoh sums 4 looks=> 8 sec/record => expect records per run ~ RTT/8
PFS CLT gate 21
_____________________________________________________________________
POSSIBLE RANGING SETUPS: (code=127, FFT=64, single-pol'n)
These are from JX, w/ max-band (min-acc) options from Ray Jurgens.
Currently configured for 5-sec records.
_______________________________________________________________________
Setup Baud RP 1-acc 1-acc
usec m usec band res acc band res
_______________________________________________________________________
JX1XS110 11.000 1650 1397.0 715.8 11.2 2 358 5.6
JX1XS070 7.000 1050 889.0 1124.9 17.6 3 375 5.9
JX1XS020 2.000 300 254.0 3937.0 61.5 12 328 5.1
4 984 15.4
JX1XS010 1.000 150 127.0 7874.0 123.0 41 192 3.0
8 984 15.4
JX1XS005 0.500 75 63.5 15748.0 246.1 123 128 2.0
15 1050 16.4
JX1XS002 0.250 37.5 31.75 31496.1 492.1 492 64 1.0
30 1050 16.4
JX1XS001 0.125 18.75 15.875 62992.1 984.3 1970 32 0.5
60 1050 16.4
____________________________________________________________________
Instructions
NOTE: Data should be moved to the appropriate subdirectories in
stealth:/export/data0/rosema/2000PN9/raw/
2000 PN9 POINTING:
OSOD and predicts are at Goldstone on stealth:
/export/data2/osod/ops/a23187/PRDX.OUT.Mar10.s84
/PUNCH.OUT.Mar10.s84
/EPH.OUT.s84
and have been copied to:
/export/data0/rosema/2000PN9/support/
POINTING
TX Offsets
Date (UTC) DOY hhmmss RA Dec Macro LHA Dec RTT OSOD
2006 03 10 069 120000 139.9940 79.7370 A 80.4 82
2006 03 10 069 130000 140.6256 79.6560 A 81.1
2006 03 10 069 140000 141.2455 79.5757 A -0.0140 -0.0018 81.8
2006 03 10 069 150000 141.8533 79.4964 A 82.6
2006 03 10 069 160000 142.4481 79.4185 A 83.3
2006 03 12 071 130000 156.9024 76.6154 A 116.2 84
2006 03 12 071 140000 157.0851 76.5608 AB 117.0
2006 03 12 071 150000 157.2690 76.5071 AB -0.0061 -0.0017 117.7
2006 03 12 071 160000 157.4533 76.4545 AB -0.0060 -0.0017 118.5
2006 03 12 071 170000 157.6375 76.4031 AB 119.2
2006 03 12 071 180000 157.8205 76.3532 B 119.9
PRDX.OUT.Mar10.s84
TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14
RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA EL
2006 MAR 10 12:00 80.3769051418 -1728009.591 91.1403 79.7370 139.995 34.575
2006 MAR 10 12:10 80.4980332799 -1728178.572 93.5411 79.7234 140.101 34.151
2006 MAR 10 12:20 80.6191730016 -1728340.215 95.9421 79.7099 140.207 33.728
2006 MAR 10 12:30 80.7403237963 -1728494.503 98.3435 79.6964 140.312 33.309
2006 MAR 10 12:40 80.8614851482 -1728641.434 100.7453 79.6829 140.417 32.893
2006 MAR 10 12:50 80.9826565420 -1728781.017 103.1473 79.6695 140.522 32.481
2006 MAR 10 13:00 81.1038374632 -1728913.271 105.5497 79.6560 140.627 32.073
2006 MAR 10 13:10 81.2250273992 -1729038.230 107.9524 79.6425 140.731 31.672
2006 MAR 10 13:20 81.3462258399 -1729155.936 110.3555 79.6291 140.834 31.276
2006 MAR 10 13:30 81.4674322745 -1729266.446 112.7588 79.6157 140.938 30.886
2006 MAR 10 13:40 81.5886462097 -1729369.827 115.1625 79.6024 141.041 30.504
2006 MAR 10 13:50 81.7098671397 -1729466.159 117.5665 79.5890 141.144 30.130
2006 MAR 10 14:00 81.8310945778 -1729555.531 119.9709 79.5757 141.246 29.764
2006 MAR 10 14:10 81.9523280441 -1729638.047 122.3756 79.5624 141.349 29.407
2006 MAR 10 14:20 82.0735670531 -1729713.820 124.7806 79.5491 141.450 29.060
2006 MAR 10 14:30 82.1948111408 -1729782.974 127.1860 79.5359 141.552 28.722
2006 MAR 10 14:40 82.3160598481 -1729845.646 129.5917 79.5227 141.653 28.395
2006 MAR 10 14:50 82.4373127254 -1729901.981 131.9978 79.5095 141.754 28.079
2006 MAR 10 15:00 82.5585693343 -1729952.138 134.4042 79.4964 141.854 27.775
2006 MAR 10 15:10 82.6798292451 -1729996.284 136.8110 79.4833 141.954 27.482
2006 MAR 10 15:20 82.8010920449 -1730034.597 139.2182 79.4703 142.054 27.202
2006 MAR 10 15:30 82.9223573335 -1730067.264 141.6257 79.4573 142.153 26.935
2006 MAR 10 15:40 83.0436247199 -1730094.483 144.0336 79.4443 142.252 26.681
2006 MAR 10 15:50 83.1648938293 -1730116.460 146.4419 79.4314 142.351 26.441
2006 MAR 10 16:00 83.2861642974 -1730133.411 148.8505 79.4185 142.449 26.214
IMAGES
The images below shows sums of about 20 runs that we obained on March 7. The
resolution is 0.125 usec (19 meters) x 2.0 Hz. Range increases toward the top and
Doppler frequency increases toward the right, so the right side is rotating toward us
and vice versa.
CW SPECTRA
The spectrum below is a sum of ten runs from March 4. It has not been normalized
or calibrated, but it clearly has a bandwidth of about 70 Hz and is centered slightly
negative of zero Hz.
GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG
==============================================================================
RCV
file setup runs start -stop osod OFFSET TX Poln
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
==============================================================================
RADAR ASTROMETRY
2006 03 07 17:10:00 R 34.277442 20.0 8560.D6 -14 Benner, L.A.M.
Correction of +185 usec to soln 78 from 10 and 11 usec ranging.
2006 03 07 19:00:00 R 35.392186 3.0 8560.D6 -14 Benner, L.A.M.
Correction of +14 usec to solution 80 from 1 usec ranging. Placed
COM at TE of echo, which is about 6 gates deep.
==============================================================================
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412
Mail Stop 300-233 | FAX: (818) 354-9476
Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance@reason.jpl.nasa.gov
Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 | Plan: To live long and prosper
http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2000PN9_2006/html/2000PN9_2006.planning.html
Asteroid Radar Astronomy