1999 AQ10 Goldstone Radar Observations Planning


Background

1999 AQ10 was discovered by LINEAR (New Mexico) on January 14, 1999.
It will approach within 0.0113 AU (4.4 lunar distances) on February 18, 2009, 
although it will be too far south for Goldstone to track at that time.

We know little about this object, but its absolute magnitude of 20.2
and its S-taxonomic class suggests a diameter of roughly 290 meters.

Goldstone observations are scheduled on February 10 and 13.
Arecibo observations are scheduled on February 10-13.

This object will brighten to about 13th magnitude in mid-February when it will
be a good target for photometric and spectroscopic observations.

1999 AQ10 has been classified as a "Potentially Hazardous Asteroid" by the 
Minor Planet Center.

Orbital and Physical Characteristics  
 orbit type               Aten
 semimajor axis           0.937 AU     
 eccentricity             0.234
 inclination              6.6°       
 perihelion distance      0.717 AU     
 aphelion distance        1.157 AU     
 absolute magnitude (H)  20.2
 diameter               290 meters +- a factor of two
 rotation period          unknown
 pole direction           unknown
 lightcurve amplitude     unknown
 spectral class           S       Binzel et al. 2004, Icarus 170, 259-294 
                          K       M. D. Hicks et al., pers. comm.

Last update: 2009 February 12

Discovery



M.P.E.C. 1999-B06                                Issued 1999 Jan. 16, 16:17 UT

     The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual
         minor planets and routine data on comets.  They are published
   on behalf of Commission 20 of the International Astronomical Union by the
          Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory,
                          Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.

             BMARSDEN@CFA.HARVARD.EDU or GWILLIAMS@CFA.HARVARD.EDU
                   URL http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/mpc.html

                                   1999 AQ10

Observations:
     J99A10Q* C1999 01 14.32980 09 15 36.23 +44 21 03.6          18.2        704
     J99A10Q  C1999 01 14.37573 09 15 21.24 +44 21 59.6          18.8        704
     J99A10Q  C1999 01 14.39868 09 15 13.71 +44 22 26.0          18.7        704
     J99A10Q  C1999 01 14.42381 09 15 05.50 +44 22 53.9          18.8        704
     J99A10Q  C1999 01 15.02696 09 12 02.71 +44 34 25.5                      046
     J99A10Q  C1999 01 15.02801 09 12 02.45 +44 34 26.6          17.0 R      046
     J99A10Q  C1999 01 15.02914 09 12 01.99 +44 34 28.3                      046
     J99A10Q  C1999 01 15.03150 09 12 01.23 +44 34 31.0                      046
     J99A10Q  C1999 01 15.85290 09 07 40.53 +44 49 46.9          16.9 R      046
     J99A10Q  C1999 01 15.85381 09 07 40.22 +44 49 47.7                      046
     J99A10Q  C1999 01 15.85468 09 07 39.96 +44 49 48.6                      046
     J99A10Q  C1999 01 15.85609 09 07 39.48 +44 49 50.7                      046
     J99A10Q  C1999 01 15.85707 09 07 39.12 +44 49 51.7                      046
     J99A10Q  C1999 01 15.92572 09 07 15.62 +44 51 17.8                      587
     J99A10Q  C1999 01 15.92868 09 07 14.57 +44 51 20.9                      587

Observer details:
046 Klet.  Observers J. Ticha, M. Tichy.  Measurer M. Tichy.  0.57-m f/5.2
    reflector + CCD.
587 Sormano.  Observers P. Sicoli, A. Testa.  0.5-m reflector + CCD.
704 Lincoln Laboratory ETS, New Mexico.  Observers M. Blythe, F. Shelly,
    M. Bezpalko.  Measurers J. Stuart, H. Viggh, R. Sayer.  1.0-m f/2.15
    reflector + CCD.

Orbital elements:
1999 AQ10                                                            PHA 0.000
Epoch 1999 Jan. 2.0 TT = JDT 2451180.5                  Williams
M 209.27176              (2000.0)            P               Q
n   1.08666904     Peri.  299.51181     -0.04658967     +0.99708437
a   0.9369963      Node   327.64694     -0.87294647     -0.07004925
e   0.2321695      Incl.    6.48428     -0.48558609     +0.03026324
P   0.91           H   20.2           G   0.15
From 15 observations 1999 Jan. 14-15.

Ephemeris:
1999 AQ10                a,e,i = 0.94, 0.23, 6                   q = 0.7195
Date    TT    R. A. (2000) Decl.     Delta      r     Elong.  Phase     V
1999 01 12    09 26.18   +43 33.5    0.157    1.120   147.9    27.8    17.7
1999 01 17    09 01.05   +45 10.6    0.140    1.110   152.0    24.6    17.3
1999 01 22    08 26.52   +46 14.6    0.126    1.098   153.5    23.6    17.0
1999 01 27    07 43.31   +46 09.2    0.115    1.086   150.4    26.6    16.9
1999 02 01    06 55.35   +44 21.0    0.107    1.073   142.9    33.7    16.9
1999 02 06    06 08.62   +40 40.7    0.102    1.058   132.4    43.5    17.1
1999 02 11    05 27.95   +35 32.3    0.101    1.042   120.7    54.5    17.3
1999 02 16    04 55.01   +29 38.9    0.102    1.025   108.8    65.8    17.6
1999 02 21    04 28.90   +23 38.5    0.106    1.008    97.3    76.7    18.0
1999 02 26    04 07.69   +17 52.9    0.110    0.989    86.4    87.2    18.5
1999 03 03    03 49.42   +12 30.0    0.116    0.970    76.1    97.3    18.9
1999 03 08    03 32.59   +07 31.5    0.122    0.950    66.2   107.1    19.5
1999 03 13    03 16.15   +02 58.0    0.129    0.929    56.7   116.6    20.2
1999 03 18    02 59.41   -01 08.8    0.137    0.908    47.6   126.0    21.0
1999 03 23    02 42.05   -04 44.8    0.147    0.887    39.1   134.9    22.0

Gareth V. Williams           (C) Copyright 1999 MPC           M.P.E.C. 1999-B06


SNR Calculation

Target Name:    1999 AQ10
HMag:           20.2
Diameter:       0.29 km  (an educated guess for its absolute magnitude and assuming an S-class optical albedo)
Period:         2.2 h    (a conservative guess; unlikely to be faster than this)

Goldstone SNRs

                UTC          LST                            #           max
 start date    window       window      RA, dec   dist    runs   SNR  SNR/run
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2009 Feb 09  05:40-15:38  07:10-17:10  183,  14  0.045    331     84      5
2009 Feb 10  05:43-15:33  07:17-17:09  183,  12  0.041    357    130      7
2009 Feb 11  05:48-15:28  07:26-17:08  184,  10  0.036    386    200     11
2009 Feb 12  05:55-15:21  07:37-17:05  186,   8  0.032    419    330     18
2009 Feb 13  06:06-15:14  07:52-17:02  187,   4  0.027    454    590     30
2009 Feb 14  06:23-15:04  08:13-16:56  189,   0  0.023    489   1100     54
2009 Feb 15  06:50-14:48  08:44-16:43  192,  -7  0.019    512   2200    100
2009 Feb 16  07:41-14:20  09:39-16:19  197, -17  0.015    487   4100    200
2009 Feb 17  09:54-12:50  11:56-14:53  205, -32  0.013    243   4800    320
Goldstone SNRs assume Ptx = 430 kW 
 
Arecibo SNRs
                UTC          LST                            #           max
 start date    window       window      RA, dec   dist    runs   SNR  SNR/run
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2009 Feb 05  06:04-08:49  10:39-13:25  180,  18  0.065     66    290     37
2009 Feb 06  06:02-08:47  10:41-13:26  181,  17  0.060     70    390     49
2009 Feb 07  06:01-08:44  10:44-13:27  181,  16  0.055     76    540     65
2009 Feb 08  06:00-08:42  10:47-13:29  182,  15  0.051     81    770     89
2009 Feb 09  06:00-08:39  10:51-13:30  183,  14  0.046     87   1100    120
2009 Feb 10  06:01-08:36  10:56-13:31  183,  12  0.041     92   1700    180  CANCELLED DUE TO EQUIPMENT PROBLEMS 
2009 Feb 11  06:04-08:33  11:03-13:32  184,  10  0.037     98   2600    270 
2009 Feb 12  06:10-08:28  11:13-13:31  185,   8  0.032    100   4100    430
2009 Feb 13  06:22-08:19  11:29-13:26  187,   5  0.028     96   6500    730 
2009 Feb 14  06:50-07:58  12:01-13:09  189,   0  0.024     62   7500   1000
Arecibo SNRs assume Ptx = 700 kW.  


Track Assignments


Goldstone Schedule

         UT          UT       PST                 AST               Duration  Round-trip
DOY     Date      TX Window   TX Window           TX Window         hh:mm     time (sec)  SNR/Run 
---     ----      ---------   ---------           ---------         --------- -------     -------
041     Feb 10    0620-0945   2220-0145 Feb 09-10 0220-0545 Feb 10   3:25       41          7 
044     Feb 13    0920-1140   0120-0340 Feb 13    0520-0740 Feb 13   2:20       27         30

Arecibo Schedule 
041     Feb 10    0601-0836   2201-0036 Feb  9-10 0201-0436 Feb 10   2:35       41        180
042     Feb 11    0604-0833   2204-0033 Feb 10-11 0204-0433 Feb 11   2:29       37        270
043     Feb 12    0610-0828   2210-0028 Feb 11-12 0210-0428 Feb 12   2:18       32        430 
044     Feb 13    0622-0819   2222-0219 Feb 12-13 0222-0419 Feb 13   1:57       28        730 


Uncertainties

From Horizons, 2009 January 25: JPL solution 50, #obs = 219 (1999-2009)

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN     R.A._(J2000.0)_DEC.            delta POS_3sigma  DOP_S-sig  DOP_X-sig  RT_delay-sig
 2009-Feb-08 00:00 *m  181.57224  15.34628 0.052201460806061  3.21834919   0.21       0.75      0.000315
 2009-Feb-09 00:00 *   182.20291  14.19365 0.047499441501403  3.55289026   0.21       0.76      0.000321
 2009-Feb-10 00:00 *   182.93737  12.78934 0.042837761058345  3.95358750   0.21       0.76      0.000328
 2009-Feb-11 00:00 *   183.81292  11.04486 0.038225163702582  4.44030607   0.21       0.77      0.000339
 2009-Feb-12 00:00 *   184.88550   8.82659 0.033675770495409  5.04020052   0.21       0.76      0.000353
 2009-Feb-13 00:00 *   186.24299   5.92507 0.029213011481417  5.78949932   0.21       0.76      0.000373
 2009-Feb-14 00:00 *   188.03152   1.99885 0.024877357179957  6.73198118   0.21       0.74      0.000403
 2009-Feb-15 00:00 *   190.51218  -3.52779 0.020742393632942  7.90154104   0.19       0.70      0.000447
 2009-Feb-16 00:00 *   194.19685 -11.62854 0.016949412006985  9.24540484   0.17       0.62      0.000514
 2009-Feb-17 00:00 *   200.21937 -23.76390 0.013777979499661 10.3978991    0.14       0.49      0.000607

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

From Jon Giorgini, 2009 Feb 2:

With 236 optical measurements (1999-Jan-14 to 2009-Feb-2),
1999 AQ10 soln. #55 was computed. Formal 3-sigma S/X-band
uncertainties are shown below.

 Date__(UT)__HR:MN   POS_3sigma  DOP_S-sig  DOP_X-sig  RT_delay-sig
 2009-Feb-09 00:00   1.48893258       0.12       0.44      0.000252
 2009-Feb-10 00:00   1.67001770       0.12       0.44      0.000252
 2009-Feb-11 00:00   1.89446582       0.12       0.43      0.000253
 2009-Feb-12 00:00   2.17849486       0.12       0.42      0.000252
 2009-Feb-13 00:00   2.54641261       0.11       0.41      0.000252
 2009-Feb-14 00:00   3.03475899       0.11       0.38      0.000251

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

From Marina Brozovic, 2009 Feb. 12:

I have updated the solution for 1999AQ10:

              Orbit Ref. JPL#59
     Date
      UT          s Rdop   s Rdel
YYYY mmm DD HH      Hz       us
---------------   -------  -------
2009 Feb 10 00    1.3E-01  1.3E+01
2009 Feb 11 00    1.6E-01  8.8E+00
2009 Feb 12 00    2.2E-01  5.6E+00
2009 Feb 13 00    3.1E-01  1.0E+01
2009 Feb 14 00    4.5E-01  2.3E+01
2009 Feb 15 00    6.9E-01  4.2E+01


Setups


Initial CW setup for the February 13 track:

TX polarization           RCP
RCV polarization          LCP & RCP
Frequency hops:           2                           
Dwell                    10 seconds                      
Bandwidth:               4000 Hz  
Sampling interval:       2500 x 0.1 usec 
VME FFT for PSD files:   4096 for 0.98-Hz resolution   

Possible ranging setups:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 10-usec single sample
baud             10 usec
code            127
gates           127
PRP            1270 usec
FFT              64   
CLT       VME     ?
          PFS     ?
ncoh              1
bandwidth       787.4 Hz   
resolution       12.3 Hz
TXOFF          +100 Hz -> echo will be centered at +8 bins or in bin 32 + 8 = 40
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 11-usec single sample
baud             11 usec
code            127
gates           127
PRP            1397 usec
FFT              64  
CLT       VME     ?
          PFS     ?
ncoh              1
bandwidth       715.8 Hz   
resolution       11.2 Hz
TXOFF          +100 Hz --> echo will be centered at +9 bins or in bin 32 + 9 = 41
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 7-usec single sample
baud              7 usec
code            127
gates           127
PRP             889
FFT              64
CLT        VME    ?
           PFS    ?
ncoh              1
bandwidth      1124.9 Hz   
resolution       17.6 Hz
TXOFF           +60 -> echo would be centered at +3.4 bins w/perfect ephemeris
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 1-usec single sample
baud            1 usec
code            127
gates           127
PRP             127
FFT             64
CLT             4
ncoh            15
bandwidth       525 Hz   
resolution      8.2 Hz
TXOFF           +100 -> echo would be centered at +12.2 bins  or in bin 32 + 12.2 = 44
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.125-usec ranging 
setup           JX1XS001 revised 
baud              0.125 usec
code            127
gates           127
FFT              64
ncoh            984
bandwidth        64.016384 Hz     
resolution       1.000256 Hz
TXOFF          +15 Hz to put echo at 32 + 15 = bin 47
PFS CLT gate    ?
VME CLT gate    ?

_____________________________________________________________________
POSSIBLE RANGING SETUPS: (code=127, FFT=64, single-pol'n) 
   These are from JX, w/ max-band (min-acc) options from Ray Jurgens.
   Currently configured for 5-sec records.
_______________________________________________________________________
 Setup        Baud        RP         1-acc 1-acc      
            usec   m      usec        band   res    acc  band     res 
_______________________________________________________________________
 
JX1XS110  11.000 1650    1397.0      715.8  11.2      2   358     5.6
JX1XS070   7.000 1050     889.0     1124.9  17.6      3   375     5.9
                                                      
JX1XS020   2.000  300     254.0     3937.0  61.5     12   328     5.1
                                                      4   984    15.4 

JX1XS010   1.000  150     127.0     7874.0 123.0     41   192     3.0 
                                                      8   984    15.4 

JX1XS005   0.500   75      63.5    15748.0 246.1    123   128     2.0 
                                                     15  1050    16.4 

JX1XS002   0.250   37.5    31.75   31496.1 492.1    492    64     1.0
                                                     30  1050    16.4 
 
JX1XS001   0.125   18.75   15.875  62992.1 984.3   1970    32     0.5 
                                                     60  1050    16.4 
____________________________________________________________________


Instructions

NOTE: Data should be moved to the appropriate subdirectories in aardvark:/export/data0/1999AQ10/raw/

1999 AQ10 POINTING:

   OSOD and predicts are on aardvark:

/export/data3/osod/ops/1999aq10/PRDX.OUT.s59
                              /PUNCH.OUT.s59
                              /EPH.OUT.s59

POINTING  
                                                   TX Offsets    
Date (UTC)   DOY  hhmmss    RA       Dec   Macro  LHA      Dec    RTT    OSOD

2009 02 10   041  060000 183.2947 12.3474   A                     41.6    55 
2009 02 10   041  070000 183.3238 12.2809   A                     41.4 
2009 02 10   041  080000 183.3502 12.2134   A     -0.3    -0.8    41.2
2009 02 10   041  090000 183.3747 12.1447   A                     41.0
2009 02 10   041  100000 183.3980 12.0747   A                     40.8

2009 02 13   044  090000 186.9837  4.5532   A                     27.5    59
2009 02 13        100000 187.0375  4.3960   A                     27.3
2009 02 13        110000 187.0910  4.2364   A     -0.4    -1.2    27.1  
2009 02 13        120000 187.1456  4.0742   A                     26.9
2009 02 13        130000 187.2026  3.9096   A                     26.7

Transmit offsets are given in millidegrees.  


PRDX.OUT.s55 TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14 RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA EL 2009 FEB 10 06:20 41.4887534370 476540.664 295.2734 12.3253 183.305 27.620 2009 FEB 10 06:30 41.4553664235 476096.086 297.7754 12.3142 183.310 29.645 2009 FEB 10 06:40 41.4220118294 475615.721 300.2775 12.3031 183.314 31.663 2009 FEB 10 06:50 41.3886921367 475100.411 302.7796 12.2920 183.319 33.674 2009 FEB 10 07:00 41.3554097634 474551.065 305.2818 12.2809 183.324 35.675 2009 FEB 10 07:10 41.3221670590 473968.657 307.7840 12.2697 183.328 37.665 2009 FEB 10 07:20 41.2889663049 473354.226 310.2864 12.2585 183.333 39.640 2009 FEB 10 07:30 41.2558097102 472708.869 312.7888 12.2473 183.337 41.598 2009 FEB 10 07:40 41.2226993998 472033.745 315.2913 12.2360 183.342 43.536 2009 FEB 10 07:50 41.1896374208 471330.068 317.7938 12.2247 183.346 45.451 2009 FEB 10 08:00 41.1566257276 470599.110 320.2964 12.2134 183.350 47.338 2009 FEB 10 08:10 41.1236661893 469842.191 322.7990 12.2020 183.354 49.192 2009 FEB 10 08:20 41.0907605750 469060.684 325.3017 12.1906 183.359 51.009 2009 FEB 10 08:30 41.0579105589 468256.008 327.8044 12.1792 183.363 52.782 2009 FEB 10 08:40 41.0251177139 467429.627 330.3072 12.1677 183.367 54.503 2009 FEB 10 08:50 40.9923835115 466583.046 332.8101 12.1562 183.371 56.163 2009 FEB 10 09:00 40.9597093113 465717.808 335.3129 12.1447 183.375 57.754 2009 FEB 10 09:10 40.9270963657 464835.495 337.8158 12.1331 183.379 59.263 2009 FEB 10 09:20 40.8945458153 463937.719 340.3188 12.1215 183.383 60.677 2009 FEB 10 09:30 40.8620586893 463026.123 342.8217 12.1098 183.386 61.981 2009 FEB 10 09:40 40.8296358940 462102.375 345.3247 12.0981 183.390 63.159 2009 FEB 10 09:50 40.7972782235 461168.168 347.8277 12.0864 183.394 64.192 PRDX.OUT.s59 2009 FEB 13 09:20 27.3908658405 438202.511 339.6565 4.5011 187.002 53.821 2009 FEB 13 09:30 27.3601851945 437216.254 342.1544 4.4749 187.011 54.937 2009 FEB 13 09:40 27.3295741425 436217.031 344.6523 4.4487 187.020 55.935 2009 FEB 13 09:50 27.2990335337 435206.550 347.1502 4.4224 187.029 56.803 2009 FEB 13 10:00 27.2685641001 434186.538 349.6481 4.3960 187.037 57.530 2009 FEB 13 10:10 27.2381664453 433158.741 352.1461 4.3696 187.046 58.107 2009 FEB 13 10:20 27.2078410504 432124.918 354.6440 4.3431 187.055 58.526 2009 FEB 13 10:30 27.1775882821 431086.840 357.1419 4.3165 187.064 58.779 2009 FEB 13 10:40 27.1474083732 430046.286 359.6399 4.2899 187.073 58.862 2009 FEB 13 10:50 27.1173014347 429005.038 2.1378 4.2632 187.082 58.775 2009 FEB 13 11:00 27.0872674528 427964.880 4.6356 4.2364 187.091 58.518 2009 FEB 13 11:10 27.0573062887 426927.593 7.1335 4.2095 187.100 58.095 2009 FEB 13 11:20 27.0274176820 425894.951 9.6313 4.1826 187.109 57.513 2009 FEB 13 11:30 26.9976012389 424868.719 12.1291 4.1556 187.118 56.781 2009 FEB 13 11:40 26.9678564548 423850.650 14.6268 4.1285 187.127 55.908

1999 AQ10 GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG

============================================================================== Receive TX Setup hops dwell code ncoh FFT runs start -stop OSOD offset Poln Notes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2009 February 10 (DOY 041) CW 4 kHz 2 10 4096 20 062058-064819 55 None RCP VME PSD file 10 usec 127 1 64 5 070402-071021 55 +100 Hz RCP 11 usec 127 1 64 5 072327-072942 55 +100 Hz RCP CW 4 kHz 2 10 4096 92 073615-094404 55 None RCP VME PSD file 2009 February 13 (DOY 044) CW 4 kHz 2 10 4096 10 092104-092959 59 None RCP VME PSD file 1 usec 127 1 64 8 095057-095757 59 +100 Hz RCP 0.25 usec 127 246 256 94 101151-113950 59 +15 Hz RCP ==============================================================================
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412 Mail Stop 300-233 | FAX: (818) 354-9476 Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance.benner@jpl.nasa.gov California Institute of Technology | Plan: To live long and prosper Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2006AS2/2006AS2_planning.html

Asteroid Radar Astronomy