37655 Illapa (1994 PM) Planning
Background
37655 Illapa was discovered by Carolyn and Gene Shoemaker at Palomar
August 1, 1994. Its absolute magnitude of 17.5 suggests that it is within
a factor of two of about 1 km in diameter. Otherwise nothing is known about
the physical properties of this object. However, it will be well-positioned
for photometry and vis-IR spectroscopy in August, and a major campaign to
observe this asteroid at visible wavelengths is planned. Consequently, it
is possible that the rotation period and taxonomic class may become known
shortly before the radar tracks start.
Illapa will approach within 9.6 lunar distances of Earth on 2003 August 16.
At that time it will be too far south to track at Goldstone, but we will
observe it on Aug. 12-14 and 19 when it will be farther north and almost
as close. Throughout its close approach, Illapa will remain too far south
to track at Arecibo. Illapa will be a very strong target and we expect
to image it with a resolution of 1/8 us on at least some of the tracks.
Due to its size and the proximity of its orbit to that of Earth, Illapa has been
classified as a "Potentially Hazardous Asteroid" by the International
Astronomical Union's Minor Planet Center.
Orbital and Physical Characteristics
orbit type Apollo
semimajor axis 1.479 AU
eccentricity 0.753
inclination 17.96°
perihelion distance 0.366 AU
aphelion distance 2.593 AU
absolute magnitude (H) 17.4
diameter 0.67 to 1.9 km
rotation period 2.66 hours (from Lenka Sarounova, Ondrejov Observatory, Czech Republic)
pole direction unknown
lightcurve amplitude low
spectral class C (from Michael Hicks, JPL/Table Mountain Observatory, USA)
Last updated: 2003 August 11
Discovery
Discovery Announcement
M.P.E.C. 1994-P07 Issued 1994 Aug. 10, 01:00 UT
The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual
minor planets and routine data on comets. They are published
on behalf of Commission 20 of the International Astronomical Union by the
Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory,
Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
MARSDEN@CFA or WILLIAMS@CFA (.HARVARD.EDU, .SPAN or .BITNET)
1994 PM
Discovered 1994 Aug. 1 by C. S. Shoemaker at Palomar. Independently reported
by E. F. Helin and J. Alu at Palomar.
Available observations:
J94P00M*3A1994 08 01.35850 21 57 18.82 -00 56 24.3 16.5 675
J94P00M 3A1994 08 02.35451 21 55 48.60 -01 20 23.3 675
J94P00M 3A1994 08 07.30833 21 43 43.20 -04 32 45.5 15.5 675
J94P00M 3A1994 08 07.33732 21 43 36.41 -04 34 25.2 675
J94P00M 2A1994 08 09.32135 21 34 55.80 -06 51 43.4 14.5 675
J94P00M 2A1994 08 09.33837 21 34 49.89 -06 53 09.5 675
Observer details:
675 Palomar Mountain.
(2) Observers E. F. Helin, J. Alu, K. Lawrence. 0.46-m Schmidt.
(3) Observers C. S. Shoemaker, E. M. Shoemaker, H. E. Holt. Measurer
C. S. Shoemaker. 0.46-m Schmidt.
Orbital elements:
1994 PM
Epoch 1994 July 27.0 TT = JDT 2449560.5 Williams
M 295.98862 (2000.0) P Q
n 0.80985848 Peri. 303.47443 +0.09569249 -0.98520443
a 1.1398909 Node 140.26507 +0.97106755 +0.06099946
e 0.6136234 Incl. 12.85131 +0.21879386 +0.16016022
P 1.22 H 18.0 G 0.15
From 8 observations 1994 Aug. 1-9.
Ephemeris:
1994 PM a,e,i = 1.14, 0.61, 13 q = 0.4404
Date TT R. A. (2000) Decl. Delta r Elong. Phase V
1994 08 06 21 47.90 -03 25.5 0.144 1.153 162.7 15.1 14.9
1994 08 07 21 44.78 -04 15.0 0.133 1.143 164.7 13.6 14.7
1994 08 08 21 41.06 -05 13.9 0.122 1.133 166.8 11.8 14.4
1994 08 09 21 36.57 -06 24.9 0.111 1.123 169.1 9.8 14.1
1994 08 10 21 31.06 -07 51.4 0.100 1.113 171.6 7.6 13.8
1994 08 11 21 24.19 -09 38.4 0.090 1.103 174.2 5.3 13.4
1994 08 12 21 15.40 -11 53.1 0.080 1.093 175.8 3.8 13.1
1994 08 13 21 03.85 -14 45.5 0.070 1.082 173.7 5.9 12.9
1994 08 14 20 48.11 -18 30.3 0.060 1.072 168.3 11.0 12.7
1994 08 15 20 25.67 -23 26.4 0.051 1.061 160.6 18.4 12.6
1994 08 16 19 52.01 -29 51.5 0.044 1.051 150.1 28.7 12.6
1994 08 17 18 59.20 -37 32.7 0.038 1.040 136.1 42.5 12.6
1994 08 18 17 37.70 -44 36.3 0.035 1.029 118.5 59.8 12.9
1994 08 19 15 53.68 -47 16.9 0.035 1.019 99.6 78.4 13.5
1994 08 20 14 20.93 -44 32.2 0.039 1.008 82.6 95.2 14.4
1994 08 21 13 17.94 -39 29.2 0.045 0.997 69.2 108.4 15.3
1994 08 22 12 38.00 -34 35.0 0.053 0.985 59.2 118.2 16.3
1994 08 23 12 11.86 -30 31.6 0.062 0.974 51.7 125.5 17.2
1994 08 24 11 53.82 -27 18.0 0.071 0.963 45.9 131.1 18.0
1994 08 25 11 40.75 -24 44.1 0.081 0.952 41.3 135.4 18.7
1994 08 26 11 30.88 -22 40.0 0.091 0.940 37.7 138.9 19.4
Gareth V. Williams M.P.E.C. 1994-P07
SNR Calculation
HMag: -17.5
Diameter: 1.000
Period: 4
------------GOLDSTONE----------
Max
Dat Run UTC
Date RA Decl Delta Runs SNR SNR Window
2003 8 11 347 -6 0.089 163 42 4 5:47-13:35
2003 8 12 349 -9 0.074 186 83 7 6:00-13:35
2003 8 13 353 -14 0.054 213 280 21 6:24-13:30
2003 8 14 358 -21 0.041 240 770 55 7:05-13:24
2003 8 15 9 -32 0.031 241 1800 130 8:41-13:05
2003 8 16 34 -41 0.027 0 0 0 -
2003 8 17 80 -47 0.026 0 0 0 -
2003 8 18 115 -31 0.041 87 280 30 -
2003 8 19 130 -25 0.055 179 160 13 16:53-20:30
2003 8 20 137 -24 0.058 174 170 14 16:30-21:36
2003 8 21 141 -20 0.072 157 79 7 16:23-22:11
2003 8 22 144 -18 0.086 140 40 4 16:18-22:36
Goldstone Track Assignments
UT UT Duration Rotations
DOY Date TX Window PDT TX Window (hh:mm) (P = 2.66 h)
--- ---- --------- ------------- -------- ------------
224 Aug 12 06:55-13:20 23:55 Aug 11-06:20 Aug 12 6:25 2.41
225 Aug 13 06:40-13:05 23:40 Aug 12-06:05 Aug 13 6:25 2.41
226 Aug 14 07:40-13:00 00:40-06:00 Aug 14 5:20 2.01
231 Aug 19 17:20-21:35 10:20-14:35 Aug 19 4:15 1.60
Note: On Aug 19 there will be a 15 minute break between 18:05-18:20 UTC.
Sky Motion
Geocentric Distance
Uncertainties
From Horizons (2003 July 7): JPL solution # 9, # obs: 106 (1994-2002)
Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta POS_3sigma DOP_S-sig DOP_X-sig RT_delay-sig
2003-Aug-13 00:00 352.75843 -12.24508 0.0602713278 21.0426540 1.81 6.47 0.002055
2003-Aug-14 00:00 358.44234 -17.80306 0.0468148927 27.9706988 1.74 6.22 0.001609
2003-Aug-15 00:00 9.22292 -27.00493 0.0349011445 38.8716728 1.50 5.38 0.000718
2003-Aug-16 00:00 33.55170 -40.70686 0.0266515722 51.0323406 0.91 3.25 0.001096
2003-Aug-17 00:00 80.24137 -47.06987 0.0258311731 47.2281736 0.86 3.09 0.003255
2003-Aug-18 00:00 114.83056 -38.27580 0.0329937601 33.1055235 1.65 5.89 0.004297
2003-Aug-19 00:00 129.82547 -29.60402 0.0444385711 24.0241896 2.07 7.40 0.004551
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
From Horizons (2003 July 11): JPL solution #11, # obs: 121 (1994-2003)
2003-Aug-13 00:00 352.75844 -12.24508 0.0602713244 14.3611660 1.24 4.42 0.001415
2003-Aug-14 00:00 358.44234 -17.80306 0.0468148900 19.0916982 1.20 4.27 0.001113
2003-Aug-15 00:00 9.22293 -27.00493 0.0349011435 26.5379552 1.06 3.77 0.000517
2003-Aug-16 00:00 33.55172 -40.70686 0.0266515747 34.8619601 0.72 2.57 0.000752
2003-Aug-17 00:00 80.24138 -47.06987 0.0258311799 32.3121792 0.71 2.53 0.002214
2003-Aug-18 00:00 114.83056 -38.27579 0.0329937691 22.6795490 1.16 4.15 0.002925
2003-Aug-19 00:00 129.82546 -29.60402 0.0444385807 16.4640642 1.42 5.09 0.003099
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
From Horizons (2003 July 31): JPL solution #16, # obs: 141 (1994-2003)
2003-Aug-13 00:00 * 352.75869 -12.24504 0.0602712291 4.41837180 0.42 1.51 0.000477
2003-Aug-14 00:00 * 358.44269 -17.80302 0.0468148147 5.87750771 0.42 1.52 0.000394
2003-Aug-15 00:00 * 9.22345 -27.00487 0.0349011108 8.18012278 0.43 1.56 0.000250
2003-Aug-16 00:00 * 33.55247 -40.70665 0.0266516276 10.7862186 0.49 1.75 0.000286
2003-Aug-17 00:00 * 80.24175 -47.06939 0.0258313401 10.0950792 0.58 2.09 0.000688
2003-Aug-18 00:00 * 114.83044 -38.27545 0.0329939827 7.15544442 0.62 2.22 0.000901
2003-Aug-19 00:00 * 129.82527 -29.60383 0.0444388089 5.21690285 0.62 2.23 0.000955
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
From Jon Giorgini (2003 August 5):
With 187 usable optical observations (1994-Aug-1 to 2003-Aug-5),
37655 Illapa solution #22 was computed. 3-sigma X-band uncertainties
are as follows:
DATE Pointing X-band Dop Delay
(") Hz (sec)
----------------- --------- ---------- ----------
13-AUG-2003 00:00 1.746 0.918 0.000257
14-AUG-2003 00:00 2.328 0.955 0.000237
15-AUG-2003 00:00 3.254 1.118 0.000206
16-AUG-2003 00:00 4.362 1.518 0.000204
17-AUG-2003 00:00 4.246 1.880 0.000299
18-AUG-2003 00:00 3.133 1.844 0.000368
19-AUG-2003 00:00 2.332 1.697 0.000389
20-AUG-2003 00:00 1.840 1.584 0.000396
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
From Jon Giorgini (2003 August 11):
With 230 usable optical observations spanning 1994-Aug-1
to 2003-Aug-10, solution #26 was computed and found to have
these 3-sigma X-band formal uncertainties.
DATE Pointing X-band Dop Delay
(") Hz (sec)
----------------- --------- ---------- ----------
12-AUG-2003 00:00 0.829 0.848 0.000213
13-AUG-2003 00:00 1.059 0.841 0.000209
14-AUG-2003 00:00 1.420 0.880 0.000202
15-AUG-2003 00:00 2.002 1.058 0.000192
16-AUG-2003 00:00 2.737 1.487 0.000189
17-AUG-2003 00:00 2.804 1.859 0.000217
18-AUG-2003 00:00 2.176 1.810 0.000245
19-AUG-2003 00:00 1.662 1.647 0.000257
20-AUG-2003 00:00 1.333 1.518 0.000263
Setups
WE WILL START WITH SOLUTION 26
The rotation period of 2.7 hours and an estimated diameter of close to 1 km
suggest that 1994 PM could have a bandwidth of ~40 Hz. We'll start with a
relatively coarse frequency resolution setup to locate the echoes, then we'll
go to 10 us ranging.
Initial CW setup for the first track:
TX polarization RCP
RCV polarization LCP
Frequencies: 2
Dwell: 20 seconds
Bandwidth: 4000 Hz
Sampling interval: 2500 x 0.1 usec
VME FFT for PSD files: 1024 for 3.906-Hz resn
Possible ranging setups:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 10-usec single sample
baud 10 usec
code 127
gates 127
FFT 64
CLT 11
ncoh 2
bandwidth 394 Hz
resolution 6.15 Hz
TXOFF +60 Hz -> echo will be centered at +9.75 bins or in bin 32+10 = 42
incoh sums 64 => 10.4 sec/record
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 11-usec single sample, 5.6-Hz resolution.
baud 11 usec
code 127
gates 127
PRP 1397
FFT 64
CLT 11
ncoh 2
bandwidth 357.9 Hz
resolution 5.59 Hz
TXOFF TBD
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 11-usec single sample, 11.2-Hz resolution
baud 11 usec
code 127
gates 127
PRP 1397
FFT 64
CLT 11
ncoh 1
bandwidth 715.8 Hz
resolution 11.2 Hz
TXOFF +60 -> echo would be centered at +5 bins w/perfect ephemeris
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 7-usec single sample
------------------------------
baud 7 usec
code 127
gates 127
PRP 889
FFT 64
CLT 11
ncoh 1
bandwidth 1124.9 Hz
resolution 17.6 Hz
TXOFF +60 -> echo would be centered at +3.4 bins w/perfect ephemeris
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 1-usec single sample
------------------------------
baud 1 usec
code 127
gates 127
PRP 127
FFT 64
CLT 13 & 14, about evenly divided
ncoh 15
bandwidth 525 Hz
resolution 8.2 Hz
TXOFF +50 -> echo would be centered at +6.1 bins w/perfect ephemeris
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.125-usec ranging
------------------
setup JX1XS001
baud 0.125 usec
code 127
gates 127
FFT 64
ncoh 1968
bandwidth 32.008 Hz
resolution 0.5001 Hz
TXOFF 6 Hz = 12 cells, => cell 44
incoh sums 4 looks=> 8 sec/record => expect records per run ~ RTT/8
CLT gate 34.8
_____________________________________________________________________
POSSIBLE RANGING SETUPS: (code=127, FFT=64, single-pol'n)
These are from JX, w/ max-band (min-acc) options from Ray Jurgens.
Currently configured for 5-sec records.
_______________________________________________________________________
Setup Baud RP 1-acc 1-acc
usec m usec band res acc band res
_______________________________________________________________________
JX1XS110 11.000 1650 1397.0 715.8 11.2 2 358 5.6
JX1XS070 7.000 1050 889.0 1124.9 17.6 3 375 5.9
JX1XS020 2.000 300 254.0 3937.0 61.5 12 328 5.1
4 984 15.4
JX1XS010 1.000 150 127.0 7874.0 123.0 41 192 3.0
8 984 15.4
JX1XS005 0.500 75 63.5 15748.0 246.1 123 128 2.0
15 1050 16.4
JX1XS002 0.250 37.5 31.75 31496.1 492.1 492 64 1.0
30 1050 16.4
JX1XS001 0.125 18.75 15.875 62992.1 984.3 1970 32 0.5
60 1050 16.4
____________________________________________________________________
Instructions
NOTE: Data should be moved to the appropriate subdirectories in
aardvark:/export/data0/rosema/1994PM/raw/
1994 PM POINTING:
OSOD and initial predicts have been set-up at
Goldstone on stealth and aardvark:
/export/data2/osod/ops/37655_Illapa/
The predicts are also available at:
/export/data0/rosema/1994PM/support/
POINTING
TX Offsets
Date (UTC) DOY hhmmss RA Dec Macro LHA Dec RTT OSOD
2003 08 12 224 060000 350.0417 -9.4604 A 70.7 22
2003 08 12 070000 350.1659 -9.5949 A 70.1
2003 08 12 080000 350.2909 -9.7314 A -0.0024 -0.0026 69.5
2003 08 12 090000 350.4173 -9.8699 A 68.9
2003 08 12 100000 350.5455 -10.0104 AB 68.3
2003 08 12 110000 350.6762 -10.1530 B 67.7
2003 08 12 120000 350.8098 -10.2978 B -0.0025 -0.0027 67.1
2003 08 12 130000 350.9471 -10.4447 B 66.5
2003 08 12 140000 351.0884 -10.5939 B 65.9
2003 08 13 225 060000 353.9175 -13.4084 A 56.7 22
2003 08 13 070000 354.1176 -13.6157 A 56.1
2003 08 13 080000 354.3204 -13.8266 A -0.0032 -0.0033 55.5
2003 08 13 090000 354.5264 -14.0413 A 54.9
2003 08 13 100000 354.7365 -14.2597 AB 54.4
2003 08 13 110000 354.9513 -14.4818 B 53.8
2003 08 13 120000 355.1717 -14.7078 B -0.0033 -0.0034 53.3
2003 08 13 130000 355.3985 -14.9378 B 52.7
2003 08 13 140000 355.6325 -15.1720 B 52.1
2003 08 14 226 070000 0.8624 -20.0416 A 43.0 22
2003 08 14 080000 1.2363 -20.3897 A -0.0045 -0.0041 42.5
2003 08 14 090000 1.6191 -20.7446 AB 42.0
2003 08 14 100000 2.0119 -21.1063 B -0.0046 -0.0042 41.4
2003 08 14 110000 2.4159 -21.4749 BC 40.9
2003 08 14 120000 2.8326 -21.8503 C -0.0047 -0.0043 40.4
2003 08 14 130000 3.2632 -22.2328 C 39.9
2003 08 19 231 160000 135.2494 -25.5980 A 53.0 22
2003 08 19 170000 135.5063 -25.3874 A 53.6
2003 08 19 180000 135.7557 -25.1799 A 54.1
2003 08 19 190000 135.9985 -24.9751 A -0.0036 0.0031 54.7
2003 08 19 200000 136.2356 -24.7730 A 55.3
2003 08 19 210000 136.4678 -24.5736 A 55.8
2003 08 19 220000 136.6958 -24.3771 A 56.4
PRDX.OUT.s26
TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14
RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA EL
2003 AUG 13 06:40 56.2779832965 1369356.226 310.3512 -13.5461 354.051 22.158
2003 AUG 13 06:50 56.1820413654 1368181.565 312.8246 -13.5808 354.084 23.723
2003 AUG 13 07:00 56.0861828621 1366975.941 315.2980 -13.6156 354.118 25.243
2003 AUG 13 07:10 55.9904099162 1365740.522 317.7712 -13.6505 354.151 26.714
2003 AUG 13 07:20 55.8947245736 1364476.526 320.2444 -13.6855 354.185 28.133
2003 AUG 13 07:30 55.7991287932 1363185.221 322.7175 -13.7206 354.219 29.496
2003 AUG 13 07:40 55.7036244435 1361867.915 325.1905 -13.7559 354.252 30.799
2003 AUG 13 07:50 55.6082133023 1360525.964 327.6634 -13.7912 354.286 32.037
2003 AUG 13 08:00 55.5128970459 1359160.760 330.1363 -13.8266 354.320 33.206
2003 AUG 13 08:10 55.4176772514 1357773.733 332.6090 -13.8621 354.355 34.302
2003 AUG 13 08:20 55.3225554026 1356366.349 335.0817 -13.8977 354.389 35.320
2003 AUG 13 08:30 55.2275328741 1354940.104 337.5542 -13.9335 354.423 36.256
2003 AUG 13 08:40 55.1326109292 1353496.524 340.0267 -13.9693 354.457 37.105
2003 AUG 13 08:50 55.0377907341 1352037.160 342.4990 -14.0052 354.492 37.862
2003 AUG 13 09:00 54.9430733374 1350563.586 344.9713 -14.0413 354.526 38.524
2003 AUG 13 09:10 54.8484596820 1349077.396 347.4434 -14.0774 354.561 39.087
2003 AUG 13 09:20 54.7539505906 1347580.201 349.9154 -14.1136 354.596 39.547
2003 AUG 13 09:30 54.6595467828 1346073.625 352.3873 -14.1500 354.631 39.902
2003 AUG 13 09:40 54.5652488590 1344559.303 354.8591 -14.1864 354.666 40.149
2003 AUG 13 09:50 54.4710572993 1343038.878 357.3308 -14.2230 354.701 40.287
2003 AUG 13 10:00 54.3769724790 1341513.998 359.8023 -14.2596 354.737 40.314
2003 AUG 13 10:10 54.2829946500 1339986.309 2.2737 -14.2964 354.772 40.231
2003 AUG 13 10:20 54.1891239540 1338457.459 4.7450 -14.3333 354.808 40.038
2003 AUG 13 10:30 54.0953604124 1336929.087 7.2161 -14.3702 354.843 39.736
2003 AUG 13 10:40 54.0017039342 1335402.828 9.6871 -14.4073 354.879 39.328
2003 AUG 13 10:50 53.9081543172 1333880.303 12.1579 -14.4445 354.915 38.816
2003 AUG 13 11:00 53.8147112405 1332363.119 14.6286 -14.4818 354.951 38.203
2003 AUG 13 11:10 53.7213742740 1330852.865 17.0991 -14.5192 354.988 37.492
2003 AUG 13 11:20 53.6281428794 1329351.111 19.5694 -14.5567 355.024 36.688
2003 AUG 13 11:30 53.5350164015 1327859.402 22.0396 -14.5943 355.061 35.795
2003 AUG 13 11:40 53.4419940906 1326379.257 24.5097 -14.6320 355.098 34.818
2003 AUG 13 11:50 53.3490750759 1324912.168 26.9795 -14.6699 355.135 33.760
2003 AUG 13 12:00 53.2562583962 1323459.590 29.4492 -14.7078 355.172 32.627
2003 AUG 13 12:10 53.1635429819 1322022.947 31.9187 -14.7458 355.209 31.422
2003 AUG 13 12:20 53.0709276671 1320603.626 34.3881 -14.7840 355.247 30.151
2003 AUG 13 12:30 52.9784111904 1319202.970 36.8572 -14.8223 355.284 28.817
2003 AUG 13 12:40 52.8859922003 1317822.282 39.3262 -14.8607 355.322 27.425
2003 AUG 13 12:50 52.7936692501 1316462.820 41.7949 -14.8992 355.360 25.979
2003 AUG 13 13:00 52.7014408096 1315125.793 44.2635 -14.9378 355.399 24.483
2003 AUG 13 13:10 52.6093052652 1313812.361 46.7318 -14.9765 355.437 22.939
GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG
MASTERLOG
===================================================================================================
RCV
file setup runs start -stop osod OFFSET TX Poln
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August 12
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August 13
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August 14
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August 19
===================================================================================================
ASTROMETRY
==========
===================================================================================================
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412
Mail Stop 300-233 | FAX: (818) 354-9476
Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance@reason.jpl.nasa.gov
Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 | Plan: To live long and prosper
Asteroid Radar Astronomy