1990 OS Planning
1990 OS was discovered by Eleanor Helin at Palomar on July 21, 1990. 1990 OS will approach within 0.023 AU (8.8 lunar distances) on November 12. It will be a very strong radar target and we expect to image it with a range resolution as high as 1/8 usec. 1990 OS was detected at Goldstone during its discovery apparition on August 2-3, 1990. The detections were in Doppler-only and yielded an X-band radar cross section of 0.02 km^2 and SC/OC = 0.23+/-0.03. Arecibo delay-Doppler imaging of 1990 OS on November 5-6 revealed that this object is a binary system with a rapidly rotating spheroidal primary that has a diameter of close to 300 meters. The primary has a bandwidth (when converted to X-band) of about 14 Hz. The secondary is less than 100 m in diameter and it also appears to be a relatively rapid rotator. The orbital period of the system is between 18 - 24 hours. Otherwise the rotation period and taxonomic class are unknown. Arecibo echoes from 1990 OS's satellite were very weak, so we probably will not be able to detect the satellite at Goldstone. 1990 OS will be well-positioned for photometry and vis-IR spectroscopy this fall, beginning in mid-November, so it is likely that the rotation period and taxonomic class will become known shortly after the radar observations conclude.
Due to its size and the proximity of its orbit to that of Earth, 1990 OS has been classified as a "Potentially Hazardous Asteroid" by the International Astronomical Union's Minor Planet Center. These will be combined Goldstone and Arecibo observations. Arecibo time has been scheduled from November 5-10 and Goldstone time is scheduled from November 9-13. We are planning to use some of our time originally allocated for 1990 OS to observe 1937 UB (Hermes) instead because that object is also a binary.
Orbital and Physical Characteristics orbit type Apollo semimajor axis 1.680 AU eccentricity 0.463 inclination 1.12° perihelion distance 0.901 AU aphelion distance 2.458 AU absolute magnitude (H) 19.7 diameter 0.2 to 0.7 km rotation period unknown pole direction unknown lightcurve amplitude unknown spectral class unknown Last updated: 2003 November 13
Discovery Announcement
Circular No. 5064
Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams
INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION
Postal Address: Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Telephone 617-495-7244/7440/7444 (for emergency use only)
TWX 710-320-6842 ASTROGRAM CAM EASYLINK 62794505
MARSDEN or GREEN@CFA.BITNET MARSDEN or GREEN@CFAPS2.SPAN
1990 OS
E. Helin reports her discovery of a fast-moving minor planet on a
July 21 film obtained by B. Roman, K. Lawrence, J. Michaud and herself
with the 0.46-m Schmidt telescope at Palomar. The object was confirmed
on a July 26 exposure by H. E. Holt and D. H. Levy with the same
telescope. The following measurements are by Roman and Lawrence:
1990 UT R.A. (1950) Decl. Mag.
July 21.41111 21 17 55.70 -24 22 57.9 16.0
21.43889 21 18 03.75 -24 22 49.1
26.35677 21 53 45.52 -23 33 57.1 16.3
26.38785 21 54 02.25 -23 33 23.3
There is noticeable apparent acceleration, and the following orbital
elements, although very uncertain, indicate a close approach to the earth.
Further positions are urgently required.
T = 1990 Sept. 18.939 ET Peri. = 27.648
e = 0.40707 Node = 341.819 1950.0
q = 0.89899 AU Incl. = 1.087
a = 1.51620 AU n = 0.527924 P = 1.87 years
1990 ET R.A. (1950) Decl. Delta r V
July 28 22 11.66 -22 54.1 0.064 1.074 15.2
29 22 24.83 -22 20.6
30 22 40.14 -21 36.0 0.054 1.063 14.9
31 22 57.97 -20 36.4
Aug. 1 23 18.73 -19 17.1 0.046 1.052 14.7
2 23 42.79 -17 32.0
3 0 10.35 -15 15.1 0.039 1.041 14.6
4 0 41.29 -12 22.4
5 1 14.97 - 8 54.5 0.035 1.031 14.8
6 1 50.22 - 5 00.3
7 2 25.48 - 0 56.0 0.034 1.020 15.2
1990 July 28 (5064) Brian G. Marsden
HMag: 19.7
Diameter: 0.363
Period: 4
------------GOLDSTONE---------- -------------ARECIBO-----------
Max Max
Dat Run UTC Dat Run UTC
Date RA Decl Delta Runs SNR SNR Window Runs SNR SNR Window
2003 11 4 243 -4 0.049 282 96 6 17:00-25:18 0 0 0 -
2003 11 5 241 -1 0.045 317 148 9 16:41-25:11 32 1368 255 17:18-17:53
2003 11 6 239 2 0.040 360 233 14 16:18-25:11 65 3703 523 16:36-18:11
2003 11 7 236 7 0.036 411 376 20 15:54-25:11 93 7468 840 16:06-18:11
2003 11 8 232 12 0.032 473 613 31 15:18-25:06 120 13169 1274 15:35-18:06
2003 11 9 227 18 0.028 547 990 46 14:35-25:00 140 21580 1916 15:05-17:48
2003 11 10 221 26 0.025 629 1515 67 13:48-24:48 144 31067 2757 14:41-17:11
2003 11 11 212 35 0.024 700 2070 87 12:41-24:36 95 26590 3051 14:30-16:00
2003 11 12 199 44 0.023 700 2341 96 11:18-24:06 0 0 0 -
2003 11 13 182 52 0.023 700 2158 88 9:41-23:18 0 0 0 -
2003 11 14 163 55 0.025 700 1677 68 8:05-22:11 0 0 0 -
2003 11 15 145 56 0.028 700 1166 48 6:47-21:00 0 0 0 -
2003 11 16 131 54 0.031 694 760 32 5:54-19:53 0 0 0 -
2003 11 17 121 52 0.035 616 475 21 5:24-19:00 0 0 0 -
2003 11 18 113 50 0.039 548 301 14 5:00-18:18 0 0 0 -
2003 11 19 108 47 0.044 490 195 10 4:42-17:41 0 0 0 -
Arecibo SNRs above assume nominal system parameters, which are about a factor of four larger
than the current system sensitivity (due to the klystron failure).
UT UT Duration
DOY Date TX Window PST TX (hhmm)
--- ---- --------- -------- -------
315 Nov 11 1300-2330 0500-1530 1030
316 Nov 12 1100-1745 0300-0945 0615
317 Nov 13 1045-2130 0245-1330 1045
The last parts of these windows might be used for Hermes:
315 Nov 11 1725-2330 0925-1530
316 Nov 12 1710-2120 0910-1320
317 Nov 13 1650-2130 0850-1330
Sky Motion
From Horizons (2003 October 30): JPL solution # 13, # obs: 33 (1990-2003)
Date__(UT)__HR:MN R.A._(a-appar)_DEC. delta POS_3sigma DOP_S-sig DOP_X-sig RT_delay-sig
2003-Nov-05 00:00 240.90711 -0.98792 0.0445231643 39.3713632 3.13 11.18 0.011895
2003-Nov-06 00:00 238.69225 2.37651 0.0399023465 46.4698918 2.92 10.46 0.011437
2003-Nov-07 00:00 235.88101 6.56892 0.0355477972 55.6287085 2.72 9.74 0.010854
2003-Nov-08 00:00 232.23656 11.82744 0.0315586753 67.3709371 2.56 9.17 0.010090
2003-Nov-09 00:00 227.39376 18.39342 0.0280791570 81.8772831 2.50 8.94 0.009077
2003-Nov-10 00:00 220.78620 26.37210 0.0253079378 98.1073834 2.61 9.34 0.007778
2003-Nov-11 00:00 211.57175 35.42717 0.0234850349 112.611132 2.91 10.42 0.006323
2003-Nov-12 00:00 198.72021 44.41306 0.0228279300 119.963601 3.30 11.82 0.005222
2003-Nov-13 00:00 181.77763 51.47968 0.0234261790 116.872961 3.62 12.96 0.005163
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
From Jon Giorgini (2003 November 7):
1990 OS sol #19 has been established on stealth. Nominal predicts
run from Nov 8-14. Optical data spans 1990-Jul-21 to 2003-Jun-16,
with 2 delay and 4 Doppler. The resulting 3-sigma X-band uncertainties
are tabulated below:
DATE Pointing X-band Dop Delay
(") Hz (sec)
----------------- --------- ---------- ----------
8-NOV-2003 00:00 19.500 2.739 0.000021
9-NOV-2003 00:00 22.172 2.916 0.000041
10-NOV-2003 00:00 24.892 3.018 0.000066
11-NOV-2003 00:00 27.079 2.975 0.000095
12-NOV-2003 00:00 28.195 2.732 0.000125
13-NOV-2003 00:00 27.743 2.298 0.000153
14-NOV-2003 00:00 26.010 1.759 0.000177
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
From Jon Giorgini (2003 November 11):
Here is the evolution of the uncertainties as new
radar data was incorporated.
New optical data will probably reduce pointing
uncertainties in about 1 week, when sky brightness
is again favorable, but it's an unusual situation
until then.
DATE Pointing X-band Dop Delay
(") Hz (sec)
----------------- --------- ---------- ----------
3-NOV-2003 00:00 29.682 12.734 0.012980
4-NOV-2003 00:00 34.105 12.053 0.012655
5-NOV-2003 00:00 39.820 11.315 0.012271
6-NOV-2003 00:00 16.456 2.780 0.000032
7-NOV-2003 00:00 17.115 2.533 0.000005
8-NOV-2003 00:00 19.500 2.739 0.000021
9-NOV-2003 00:00 22.172 2.916 0.000041
10-NOV-2003 00:00 24.892 3.018 0.000066
11-NOV-2003 00:00 27.079 2.975 0.000095
12-NOV-2003 00:00 26.408 2.491 0.000005
13-NOV-2003 00:00 25.995 2.091 0.000022
14-NOV-2003 00:00 24.379 1.594 0.000043
15-NOV-2003 00:00 22.234 1.091 0.000067
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
From Jon Giorgini (2003 November 12):
I've excluded the Arecibo delay/outlier, two optical observations
from 1990 with ~2.8 sigma outliers, and deweighted the 1990 Palomar
data from 2" to 3" (it's inconsistent with other data reported at
the time, not unusual for Palomar).
Solution #27 was then generated on stealth. With usuable optical
observations spanning 1990-Jul-21 to 2003-Jun-16, 4 delay and
4 Doppler, formal 3-sigma X-band uncertainties are:
DATE Pointing X-band Dop Delay
(") Hz (sec)
----------------- --------- ---------- ----------
12-NOV-2003 00:00 29.178 2.832 0.000005
13-NOV-2003 00:00 11.966 0.675 0.000005
14-NOV-2003 00:00 11.201 0.547 0.000011
15-NOV-2003 00:00 10.196 0.416 0.000017
WE WILL START THE NOVEMBER 13 TRACK WITH SOLUTION 25
Initial CW setup for the Nov. 13 track:
TX polarization RCP
RCV polarization LCP
Frequencies: 2
Dwell: 10 seconds
Bandwidth: 4000 Hz
Sampling interval: 2500 x 0.1 usec
VME FFT for PSD files: 4096 for 0.9766-Hz resolution
Possible ranging setups:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 10-usec single sample
baud 10 usec
code 127
gates 127
FFT 64
CLT 11
ncoh 2
bandwidth 394 Hz
resolution 6.15 Hz
TXOFF +60 Hz -> echo will be centered at +9.75 bins or in bin 32+10 = 42
incoh sums 64 => 10.4 sec/record
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 11-usec single sample, 5.6-Hz resolution.
baud 11 usec
code 127
gates 127
PRP 1397
FFT 64
CLT 11
ncoh 2
bandwidth 357.9 Hz
resolution 5.59 Hz
TXOFF TBD
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 11-usec single sample, 11.2-Hz resolution
baud 11 usec
code 127
gates 127
PRP 1397
FFT 64
CLT 11
ncoh 1
bandwidth 715.8 Hz
resolution 11.2 Hz
TXOFF +60 -> echo would be centered at +5 bins w/perfect ephemeris
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 7-usec single sample
------------------------------
baud 7 usec
code 127
gates 127
PRP 889
FFT 64
CLT 11
ncoh 1
bandwidth 1124.9 Hz
resolution 17.6 Hz
TXOFF +60 -> echo would be centered at +3.4 bins w/perfect ephemeris
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 x 64 1-usec single sample
------------------------------
baud 1 usec
code 127
gates 127
PRP 127
FFT 64
CLT 13 & 14, about evenly divided
ncoh 15
bandwidth 525 Hz
resolution 8.2 Hz
TXOFF +50 -> echo would be centered at +6.1 bins w/perfect ephemeris
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.125-usec ranging
------------------
setup JX1XS001
baud 0.125 usec
code 127
gates 127
FFT 64
ncoh 1968
bandwidth 32.008 Hz
resolution 0.5001 Hz
TXOFF 6 Hz = 12 cells, => cell 44
incoh sums 4 looks=> 8 sec/record => expect records per run ~ RTT/8
CLT gate 34.8
_____________________________________________________________________
POSSIBLE RANGING SETUPS: (code=127, FFT=64, single-pol'n)
These are from JX, w/ max-band (min-acc) options from Ray Jurgens.
Currently configured for 5-sec records.
_______________________________________________________________________
Setup Baud RP 1-acc 1-acc
usec m usec band res acc band res
_______________________________________________________________________
JX1XS110 11.000 1650 1397.0 715.8 11.2 2 358 5.6
JX1XS070 7.000 1050 889.0 1124.9 17.6 3 375 5.9
JX1XS020 2.000 300 254.0 3937.0 61.5 12 328 5.1
4 984 15.4
JX1XS010 1.000 150 127.0 7874.0 123.0 41 192 3.0
8 984 15.4
JX1XS005 0.500 75 63.5 15748.0 246.1 123 128 2.0
15 1050 16.4
JX1XS002 0.250 37.5 31.75 31496.1 492.1 492 64 1.0
30 1050 16.4
JX1XS001 0.125 18.75 15.875 62992.1 984.3 1970 32 0.5
60 1050 16.4
____________________________________________________________________
OSOD and initial predicts have been set-up at
Goldstone on stealth:
/export/data2/osod/ops/1990os/PRDX.OUT.s25
/export/data2/osod/ops/1990os/PUNCH.OUT.s25
/export/data2/osod/ops/1990os/EPH.OUT.s25
The predicts are also available at:
/export/data0/rosema/1990os/support/
POINTING
TX Offsets
Date (UTC) DOY hhmmss RA Dec Macro LHA Dec RTT OSOD
2003 11 11 315 130000 205.3551 40.4269 A 22.9 19
2003 11 11 315 140000 204.8004 40.8173 A 22.9
2003 11 11 315 150000 204.2308 41.2042 A 0.0037 0.0024 22.9
2003 11 11 315 160000 203.6475 41.5863 AB 22.8
2003 11 11 315 170000 203.0521 41.9626 AB 22.8
2003 11 11 315 180000 202.4467 42.3326 B 0.0039 0.0023 22.8
2003 11 11 315 190000 201.8336 42.6957 B 22.8
2003 11 11 315 200000 201.2152 43.0519 BC 22.8
2003 11 11 315 210000 200.5938 43.4015 C 22.8
2003 11 11 315 220000 199.9712 43.7450 C 0.0039 0.0022 22.8
2003 11 11 315 230000 199.3490 44.0833 C 22.8
2003 11 12 316 000000 198.7281 44.4173 C 22.8
2003 11 12 316 110000 191.6894 48.0222 A 22.9 19
2003 11 12 316 120000 190.9812 48.3407 A 0.0046 0.0020 22.9
2003 11 12 316 130000 190.2566 48.6531 AB 22.9
2003 11 12 316 140000 189.5166 48.9581 BC 0.0048 0.0019 23.0
2003 11 12 316 150000 188.7629 49.2544 BC 23.0
2003 11 12 316 160000 187.9976 49.5411 C 0.0050 0.0018 23.0
2003 11 12 316 170000 187.2234 49.8176 C 23.0
2003 11 12 316 180000 186.4434 50.0834 C 23.1
2003 11 13 317 110000 173.2718 53.6858 A 24.0 19
2003 11 13 317 120000 172.4442 53.8599 A 24.1
2003 11 13 317 130000 171.6066 54.0248 A 0.0057 0.0011 24.2
2003 11 13 317 140000 170.7612 54.1794 AB 24.2
2003 11 13 317 150000 169.9108 54.3230 AB 24.3
2003 11 13 317 160000 169.0586 54.4553 B 0.0058 0.0009 24.4
2003 11 13 317 170000 168.2078 54.5762 B 24.5
2003 11 13 317 180000 167.3618 54.6862 BC 24.6
2003 11 13 317 190000 166.5233 54.7861 C 24.7
2003 11 13 317 200000 165.6947 54.8768 C 0.0057 0.0006 24.7
2003 11 13 317 210000 164.8778 54.9599 C 24.8
2003 11 13 317 220000 164.0733 55.0365 C 24.9
PRDX.OUT.s23
TRANSMITTER: STATION #14, RECEIVER: STATION #14
RECEIVER U.T. RANGE DOPPLER LHA DEC RA EL
2003 NOV 12 11:00 22.8959355515 -38660.912 267.5846 48.0210 191.689 24.075
2003 NOV 12 11:10 22.8986758619 -39534.617 270.2084 48.0744 191.572 25.674
2003 NOV 12 11:20 22.9014785179 -40439.559 272.8326 48.1277 191.454 27.291
2003 NOV 12 11:30 22.9043456887 -41375.584 275.4572 48.1808 191.336 28.925
2003 NOV 12 11:40 22.9072795509 -42342.474 278.0823 48.2338 191.218 30.574
2003 NOV 12 11:50 22.9102822640 -43339.945 280.7079 48.2867 191.100 32.238
2003 NOV 12 12:00 22.9133559544 -44367.649 283.3339 48.3394 190.980 33.916
2003 NOV 12 12:10 22.9165027221 -45425.173 285.9604 48.3919 190.861 35.605
2003 NOV 12 12:20 22.9197246515 -46512.042 288.5873 48.4443 190.741 37.305
2003 NOV 12 12:30 22.9230237761 -47627.717 291.2147 48.4964 190.620 39.014
2003 NOV 12 12:40 22.9264020944 -48771.602 293.8425 48.5484 190.499 40.731
2003 NOV 12 12:50 22.9298615612 -49943.038 296.4708 48.6002 190.378 42.454
2003 NOV 12 13:00 22.9334040830 -51141.309 299.0995 48.6518 190.256 44.183
2003 NOV 12 13:10 22.9370315143 -52365.644 301.7287 48.7032 190.133 45.915
2003 NOV 12 13:20 22.9407456478 -53615.215 304.3582 48.7543 190.011 47.649
2003 NOV 12 13:30 22.9445482330 -54889.142 306.9882 48.8053 189.888 49.382
2003 NOV 12 13:40 22.9484409393 -56186.494 309.6186 48.8560 189.764 51.114
2003 NOV 12 13:50 22.9524253693 -57506.290 312.2494 48.9065 189.640 52.841
2003 NOV 12 14:00 22.9565030660 -58847.504 314.8806 48.9568 189.516 54.561
2003 NOV 12 14:10 22.9606754933 -60209.062 317.5121 49.0068 189.391 56.272
2003 NOV 12 14:20 22.9649440386 -61589.850 320.1441 49.0566 189.266 57.970
2003 NOV 12 14:30 22.9693100096 -62988.714 322.7764 49.1061 189.141 59.650
2003 NOV 12 14:40 22.9737746265 -64404.459 325.4091 49.1554 189.015 61.309
2003 NOV 12 14:50 22.9783390349 -65835.860 328.0421 49.2044 188.889 62.940
2003 NOV 12 15:00 22.9830042884 -67281.654 330.6754 49.2531 188.762 64.537
2003 NOV 12 15:10 22.9877713511 -68740.553 333.3091 49.3016 188.635 66.092
2003 NOV 12 15:20 22.9926410900 -70211.240 335.9430 49.3498 188.508 67.594
2003 NOV 12 15:30 22.9976142954 -71692.372 338.5773 49.3977 188.381 69.031
2003 NOV 12 15:40 23.0026916354 -73182.587 341.2118 49.4454 188.253 70.387
2003 NOV 12 15:50 23.0078737151 -74680.504 343.8467 49.4928 188.125 71.644
2003 NOV 12 16:00 23.0131610143 -76184.727 346.4817 49.5398 187.997 72.778
2003 NOV 12 16:10 23.0185539312 -77693.845 349.1171 49.5866 187.868 73.763
2003 NOV 12 16:20 23.0240527538 -79206.441 351.7526 49.6331 187.740 74.570
2003 NOV 12 16:30 23.0296576870 -80721.087 354.3884 49.6794 187.611 75.170
2003 NOV 12 16:40 23.0353688135 -82236.356 357.0244 49.7253 187.481 75.537
2003 NOV 12 16:50 23.0411861267 -83750.818 359.6606 49.7709 187.352 75.653
2003 NOV 12 17:00 23.0471095311 -85263.046 2.2969 49.8163 187.223 75.513
2003 NOV 12 17:10 23.0531388091 -86771.617 4.9334 49.8613 187.093 75.124
2003 NOV 12 17:20 23.0592736548 -88275.120 7.5701 49.9061 186.963 74.506
2003 NOV 12 17:30 23.0655136749 -89772.151 10.2069 49.9505 186.833 73.687
2003 NOV 12 17:40 23.0718583558 -91261.325 12.8438 49.9947 186.703 72.696
2003 NOV 12 17:50 23.0783070986 -92741.270 15.4809 50.0385 186.573 71.562
GOLDSTONE MASTERLOG
MASTERLOG
===================================================================================================
RCV
file setup runs start -stop osod OFFSET TX Poln
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
November 11
CW 4 kHz, 4096 FFT 42 130512-133841 19 none RCP VME & PFS
10 us x 12.3 Hz 127 code, 64 FFT 2 140314-140422 19 +50 RCP VME & PFS
11 us x 11.2 Hz 127 code, 64 FFT 4 143915-144203 19 +50 RCP VME & PFS
1/8 us x 2.0 Hz 127 code, 64 FFT 173 150434-172357 19 +10 RCP VME & PFS
1/8 us x 2.0 Hz 127 code, 64 FFT 27 173304-175433 21 +10 RCP VME & PFS
1/8 us x 2.0 Hz 127 code, 64 FFT 51 210424-214507 21 +10 RCP VME & PFS
1.0 us x 2.0 Hz 127 code, 64 FFT 8 220140-220741 21 +10 RCP VME & PFS
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
November 12
CW 4 kHz, 4096 FFT 10 112030-112811 23 none RCP
CW bistatic, xmit 8560 MHz 112920-130120 23 none RCP
10 us bistatic 130120-140110 23 none RCP
10 us x 12.3 Hz 127 code, 64 FFT 3 142513-142712 23 +50 Hz RCP 463 kW
1 us x 2 Hz 127 code, 64 FFT 6 144507-144930 23 +10 Hz RCP 457 kW
1/8 us x 2.0 Hz 127 code, 64 FFT 25 151618-153605 23 +10 Hz RCP 450 kW
1/8 us x 2.0 Hz 127 code, 64 FFT 21 154857-160525 23 +10 Hz RCP 450 kW
CW 4 kHz, 4096 FFT 79 161900-172219 23 none RCP 466 kW
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
November 13
CW 4 kHz, 4096 FFT 4 104535-104827 27 none RCP
CW bistatic 104845-113000 27 none RCP
CW 4 kHz, 4096 FFT 179 113052-140100 27 none RCP
1/8 us x 2.0 Hz, 127 code, 64 FFT 180 142917-170053 27 +10 Hz RCP
===================================================================================================
ASTROMETRY
==========
2003 11 11 14:20:00 R 22.880622 10.0 8560.D6 -14 Benner, L.A.M.
Correction of -60 us to solution 19 from 10 us and 11 us ranging
using the VME and PFS datataking systems.
2003 11 11 22:00:00 R 22.774376 1.0 8560.D6 -14 Benner, L.A.M.
Correction of -2 us to solution 21 from 1.0 us and 1/8 usec ranging.
Echo is about nine 1/8 usec range gates deep.
===================================================================================================
Dr. Lance A. M. Benner | PHONE: (818) 354-7412
Mail Stop 300-233 | FAX: (818) 354-9476
Jet Propulsion Laboratory | email: lance@reason.jpl.nasa.gov
Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 | Plan: To live long and prosper
Asteroid Radar Astronomy